Civil Engineering Formulas (Pocket Guide)

480 Pages·2001·4.317 MB·English

by  Tyler Hicks

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CIVIL
ENGINEERING
FORMULAS
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CIVIL
ENGINEERING
FORMULAS
Tyler G. Hicks,
P.E.
International Engineering Associates
Member:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
United States Naval Institute
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DOI:10.1036/0071395423
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CONTENTS
9
.
t Preface xiii
n Acknowledgments xv
- How to Use This Book xvii
Chapter 1. Conversion Factors for Civil
Engineering Practice 1
Chapter 2. Beam Formulas 15
Continuous Beams / 16
Ultimate Strength of Continuous Beams / 53
Beams of Uniform Strength / 63
Safe Loads for Beams of Various Types / 64
Rolling and Moving Loads / 79
Curved Beams / 82
Elastic Lateral Buckling of Beams / 88
Combined Axial and Bending Loads / 92
Unsymmetrical Bending / 93
Eccentric Loading / 94
Natural Circular Frequencies and Natural Periods
of Vibration of Prismatic Beams / 96
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vi CONTENTS
Chapter 3. Column Formulas 99 T
C
General Considerations / 100 C
Short Columns / 102 R
Eccentric Loads on Columns / 102 D
Column Base Plate Design / 111 U
American Institute of Steel Construction Allowable-Stress
Design Approach / 113 W
Composite Columns / 115
Elastic Flexural Buckling of Columns / 118 U
Allowable Design Loads for Aluminum Columns / 121
Ultimate-Strength Design of Concrete Columns / 124 W
U
W
Chapter 4. Piles and Piling Formulas 131 U
W
Allowable Loads on Piles / 132 F
Laterally Loaded Vertical Piles / 133 F
Toe Capacity Load / 134 S
Groups of Piles / 136 C
Foundation-Stability Analysis / 139 S
Axial-Load Capacity of Single Piles / 143 B
Shaft Settlement / 144 L
Shaft Resistance to Cohesionless Soil / 145 S
C
C
Chapter 5. Concrete Formulas 147 W
Reinforced Concrete / 148
Water/Cementitious Materials Ratio / 148 C
Job Mix Concrete Volume / 149
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete / 150 G
Tensile Strength of Concrete / 151 S
Reinforcing Steel / 151 B
Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs / 151 B
Design Methods for Beams,Columns,and Other Members / 153 C
Properties in the Hardened State / 167 C
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viii CONTENTS
Compression at Angle to Grain / 220 C
Recommendations of the Forest Products Laboratory / 221 F
Compression on Oblique Plane / 223 S
Adjustments Factors for Design Values / 224 V
Fasteners for Wood / 233
Adjustment of Design Values for Connections with
Fasteners / 236 C
Roof Slope to Prevent Ponding / 238
Bending and Axial Tension / 239
L
Bending and Axial Compression / 240
A
L
A
Chapter 7. Surveying Formulas 243 L
A
Units of Measurement / 244 S
Theory of Errors / 245 B
Measurement of Distance with Tapes / 247 C
Vertical Control / 253 B
Stadia Surveying / 253 P
Photogrammetry / 255 L
C
W
D
Chapter 8. Soil and Earthwork Formulas 257
F
C
Physical Properties of Soils / 258
N
Index Parameters for Soils / 259
P
Relationship of Weights and Volumes in Soils / 261
Internal Friction and Cohesion / 263
Vertical Pressures in Soils / 264
C
Lateral Pressures in Soils,Forces on Retaining Walls / 265
Lateral Pressure of Cohesionless Soils / 266 F
Lateral Pressure of Cohesive Soils / 267
Water Pressure / 268 S
Lateral Pressure from Surcharge / 268 A
Stability of Slopes / 269 L
Bearing Capacity of Soils / 270 A
Settlement under Foundations / 271 S
Soil Compaction Tests / 272 H
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CONTENTS ix
Compaction Equipment / 275
Formulas for Earthmoving / 276
Scraper Production / 278
Vibration Control in Blasting / 280
Chapter 9. Building and Structures Formulas 283
Load-and-Resistance Factor Design for Shear in Buildings / 284
Allowable-Stress Design for Building Columns / 285
Load-and-Resistance Factor Design for Building Columns / 287
Allowable-Stress Design for Building Beams / 287
3 Load-and-Resistance Factor Design for Building Beams / 290
Allowable-Stress Design for Shear in Buildings / 295
Stresses in Thin Shells / 297
Bearing Plates / 298
Column Base Plates / 300
Bearing on Milled Surfaces / 301
Plate Girders in Buildings / 302
Load Distribution to Bents and Shear Walls / 304
Combined Axial Compression or Tension and Bending / 306
Webs under Concentrated Loads / 308
Design of Stiffeners under Loads / 311
7
Fasteners for Buildings / 312
Composite Construction / 313
Number of Connectors Required for Building Construction / 316
Ponding Considerations in Buildings / 318
Chapter 10. Bridge and Suspension-Cable
Formulas 321
Shear Strength Design for Bridges / 322
Allowable-Stress Design for Bridge Columns / 323
Load-and-Resistance Factor Design for Bridge Columns / 324
Allowable-Stress Design for Bridge Beams / 325
Stiffeners on Bridge Girders / 327
Hybrid Bridge Girders / 329
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Load-Factor Design for Bridge Beams / 330 F
Bearing on Milled Surfaces / 332 O
Bridge Fasteners / 333 W
Composite Construction in Highway Bridges / 333 P
Number of Connectors in Bridges / 337 T
Allowable-Stress Design for Shear in Bridges / 339 F
Maximum Width/Thickness Ratios for Compression C
Elements for Highway Bridges / 341 O
Suspension Cables / 341 M
General Relations for Suspension Cables / 345 H
Cable Systems / 353 N
W
F
Chapter 11. Highway and Road Formulas 355 P
E
M
Circular Curves / 356
Parabolic Curves / 359
C
Highway Curves and Driver Safety / 361
G
Highway Alignments / 362
W
Structural Numbers for Flexible Pavements / 365
F
Transition (Spiral) Curves / 370
E
Designing Highway Culverts / 371
V
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Design
H
Procedure / 374
Chapter 12. Hydraulics and Waterworks
Formulas 381
Capillary Action / 382
Viscosity / 386
Pressure on Submerged Curved Surfaces / 387
Fundamentals of Fluid Flow / 388
Similitude for Physical Models / 392
Fluid Flow in Pipes / 395
Pressure (Head) Changes Caused by Pipe Size Change / 403
Flow through Orifices / 406
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