Civil Avionics Systems

612 Pages·2013·44.86 MB·English

by  Ian Moir

Ian Moir, Allan Seabridge
and Malcolm Jukes
Civil Avionics
Systems
Second Edition
Aerospace Series
Editors Peter Belobaba, Jonathan Cooper,
and Allan Seabridge

CIVIL AVIONICS
SYSTEMS
Aerospace Series List
CivilAvionicsSystems,SecondEdition Moir,SeabridgeandJukes August2013
ModellingandManagingAirportPerformance Zografos July2013
AdvancedAircraftDesign:ConceptualDesign,Analysisand Torenbeek June2013
OptimizationofSubsonicCivilAirplanes
DesignandAnalysisofCompositeStructures:WithApplicationsto Kassapoglou April2013
AerospaceStructures,SecondEdition
AircraftSystemsIntegrationofAir-LaunchedWeapons Rigby April2013
DesignandDevelopmentofAircraftSystems,SecondEdition MoirandSeabridge November2012
UnderstandingAerodynamics:ArguingfromtheRealPhysics McLean November2012
AircraftDesign:ASystemsEngineeringApproach Sadraey October2012
IntroductiontoUAVSystems,FourthEdition FahlstromandGleason August2012
TheoryofLift:IntroductoryComputationalAerodynamicswith McBain August2012
MATLABandOctave
SenseandAvoidinUAS:ResearchandApplications Angelov April2012
MorphingAerospaceVehiclesandStructures Valasek April2012
GasTurbinePropulsionSystems MacIsaacandLangton July2011
BasicHelicopterAerodynamics,ThirdEdition SeddonandNewman July2011
AdvancedControlofAircraft,SpacecraftandRockets Tewari July2011
CooperativePathPlanningofUnmannedAerialVehicles Tsourdosetal. November2010
PrinciplesofFlightforPilots Swatton October2010
AirTravelandHealth:ASystemsPerspective Seabridgeetal. September2010
UnmannedAircraftSystems:UAVSDesign,Developmentand Austin April2010
Deployment
IntroductiontoAntennaPlacementandInstallations Macnamara April2010
PrinciplesofFlightSimulation Allerton October2009
AircraftFuelSystems Langtonetal. May2009
TheGlobalAirlineIndustry Belobaba April2009
ComputationalModellingandSimulationofAircraftandthe Diston April2009
Environment:Volume1–PlatformKinematicsandSynthetic
Environment
HandbookofSpaceTechnology Ley,WittmannHallmann April2009
AircraftPerformanceTheoryandPracticeforPilots Swatton August2008
AircraftSystems,ThirdEdition MoirandSeabridge March2008
IntroductiontoAircraftAeroelasticityandLoads WrightandCooper December2007
StabilityandControlofAircraftSystems Langton September2006
MilitaryAvionicsSystems MoirandSeabridge February2006
DesignandDevelopmentofAircraftSystems MoirandSeabridge June2004
AircraftLoadingandStructuralLayout Howe May2004
AircraftDisplaySystems Jukes December2003
CivilAvionicsSystems MoirandSeabridge December2002
CIVIL AVIONICS
SYSTEMS
SecondEdition
IanMoir
AerospaceConsultant,UK
Allan Seabridge
AerospaceConsultant,UK
Malcolm Jukes
AerospaceConsultant,UK
Thiseditionwaspublishedin2013
(cid:2)C 2013JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
FirstEditionpublishedin2003
(cid:2)C 2003JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
Registeredoffice
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Moir,I.(Ian)
Civilavionicsystems/IanMoir,AllanSeabridge,MalcolmJukes.–2ndedition.
1onlineresource.
SomepartsofECIPdatahavetitle:Civilavionicssystems
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
DescriptionbasedonprintversionrecordandCIPdataprovidedbypublisher;resourcenotviewed.
ISBN978-1-118-53672-8(ePub)–ISBN978-1-118-53673-5(AdobePDF)–ISBN978-1-118-53674-2
(MobiPocket)–ISBN978-1-118-34180-3(cloth) 1.Avionics. I.Seabridge,A.G.(AllanG.) II.Jukes,
Malcolm. III.Title. IV.Title:Civilavionicssystems.
TL695
629.135–dc23
2013023778
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN:978-1-118-34180-3
Typesetin10/12ptTimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
1 2013
ThisbookisdedicatedtoSheena,SueandMarianne whoonceagain
allowedustoindulgeourpassionforaircraftengineering.
Wealsowishtoacknowledgethepassingofafriend, colleague, fellow
author, andSeriesEditor: amajorcontributor totheAerospaceSeries.A
vitalmemberoftheglobalaerospaceengineeringcommunity whopassed
awayon22November2012.
Anaerospacesystemsengineer‘par excellence’
RoyLangton,1939to2012
Contents
AbouttheAuthors xix
SeriesPreface xxi
PrefacetoSecondEdition xxii
PrefacetoFirstEdition xxiii
Acknowledgements xxv
ListofAbbreviations xxvi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Advancessince2003 1
1.2 ComparisonofBoeingandAirbusSolutions 2
1.3 OutlineofBookContent 2
1.3.1 EnablingTechnologiesandTechniques 3
1.3.2 FunctionalAvionicsSystems 4
1.3.3 TheFlightDeck 4
1.4 TheAppendices 4
2 AvionicsTechnology 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 AvionicsTechnologyEvolution 8
2.2.1 Introduction 8
2.2.2 TechnologyEvolution 8
2.3 AvionicsComputing 11
2.3.1 TheNatureofanAvionicsComputer 11
2.3.2 Resolution(Digitisation) 13
2.3.3 TheSamplingFrequency(RefreshRate) 14
2.4 DigitalSystemsInputandOutput 19
2.4.1 Introduction 19
2.4.2 AnaloguetoDigitalProcess 20
2.4.3 SamplingRate 22
2.4.4 DigitaltoAnalogueProcess 23
2.4.5 AnalogueSignalConditioning 25
2.4.6 InputSignalProtectionandFiltering 27
2.4.7 AnalogueSignalTypes 29
Contents vii
2.5 BinaryArithmetic 29
2.5.1 BinaryNotations 29
2.5.2 BinaryAddition,Subtraction,Multiplication
andDivision 32
2.5.3 TheArithmeticLogicUnit 32
2.6 TheCentralProcessingUnit(CPU) 34
2.6.1 CPUInstructionFormat 35
2.6.2 InstructionExecutionSequence 35
2.6.3 ExtendedOperandAddressingModes 42
2.7 Software 43
2.7.1 SoftwareIntroduction 43
2.7.2 AssemblersandCompilers 43
2.7.3 SoftwareEngineering 44
2.7.4 SoftwareDesignProcessAssurance 45
2.7.5 Languages 47
2.7.6 Object-OrientedDesign 49
2.7.7 Auto-codeGeneration 50
2.7.8 Real-TimeOperatingSystem(RTOS) 51
2.8 Microprocessors 53
2.8.1 Moore’sLaw 53
2.8.2 SignificantMicroprocessorsusedin
AerospaceApplications 54
2.8.3 CPUCache 57
2.8.4 Microcontrollers 58
2.8.5 Rock’sLaw 59
2.9 MemoryTechnologies 59
2.9.1 DesiredAvionicsMemoryAttributes 60
2.9.2 AvailableMemoryTechnologyAttributes 60
2.9.3 MemoryDeviceSummary 64
2.9.4 MemoryHierarchy 64
2.10 Application-SpecificIntegratedCircuits(ASICs) 64
2.10.1 MainTypesofASICs 64
2.10.2 FieldProgrammableGateArray(FPGA) 66
2.10.3 Semi-customStandardCellDesignASIC 68
2.10.4 DesignTools 68
2.10.5 RTCA-DO-254/ED80 69
2.11 IntegratedCircuits 70
2.11.1 LogicFunctions 70
2.11.2 TheMOSFieldEffectTransistor(MOSFET) 70
2.11.3 ICFabrication 70
2.12 IntegratedCircuitPackaging 73
2.12.1 WaferProbeandTest 74
2.12.2 WaferSeparationandDieAttachment 74
2.12.3 WireBonding 75
2.12.4 Packaging 75
References 77
viii Contents
3 DataBusNetworks 79
3.1 Introduction 79
3.2 DigitalDataBusBasics 80
3.2.1 DataBusOverview 80
3.2.2 BitEncoding 82
3.2.3 Attributes 83
3.2.4 TransmissionClasses 83
3.2.5 Topologies 83
3.2.6 TransmissionRates 84
3.3 TransmissionProtocols 84
3.3.1 TransmissionProtocolsOverview 84
3.3.2 Time-SlotAllocationProtocol 86
3.3.3 Command/ResponseProtocol 87
3.3.4 TokenPassingProtocol 88
3.3.5 ContentionProtocol 88
3.4 ARINC429 88
3.4.1 ARINC429Overview 88
3.4.2 ARINC429ArchitectureRealisation 90
3.5 MIL-STD-1553B 91
3.5.1 MIL-STD-1553BOverview 91
3.5.2 MIL-STD-1553BWordFormats 92
3.5.3 BusControllertoRemoteTerminal(BC-RT)Protocol 94
3.5.4 RemoteTerminaltoBusController(RT-BC)Protocol 94
3.5.5 RemoteTerminaltoRemoteTerminal(RT-RT)Protocol 95
3.5.6 BroadcastProtocol 95
3.5.7 ErrorManagement 95
3.6 ARINC629 97
3.6.1 ARINC629Overview 97
3.6.2 ARINC629Protocol 97
3.6.3 ARINC629BusCoupler 99
3.6.4 ARINC629ArchitectureRealisation 99
3.7 ARINC664Part7 100
3.7.1 ARINC664Overview 100
3.7.2 EthernetFrameFormat 101
3.7.3 NetworkTopology 101
3.7.4 ContentionAvoidance 103
3.7.5 VirtualLinks 105
3.7.6 Protocol 107
3.7.7 Summary 109
3.7.8 Cables 109
3.8 CANbus 110
3.8.1 CANbusOverview 110
3.8.2 CANbusMessageFormats 110
3.8.3 CANbusVariants 112
3.9 TimeTriggeredProtocol 113
3.10 Fibre-opticDataCommunications 113