CIVIL AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT Report on the Accident to Boeing 707-465 G-AR WE at Heathrow ...

70 Pages·2011·5.8 MB·English

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BOARD OF TRADE
CIVILA IRCRAFTA CCIDENT
Reporotn t heA ccidetnot
Boein7g0 7-4G6-5A RW E
atH eathroAwi rpoLrotn,d on
on8 thA pri1l9 68
LONDON:H ER MAJESTY'SST ATIONEROYF FICE
Pric8es 6.d .n et
BOARD OF TRADE
CIVIAL IRCRAFT ACCIDENT
Report on theA ccidentt o
G-
Boeing 707-465A RWE
at HeathrAoiwr port.L ondon
on 8thA pril 1968
LONOO N: HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFCEI
1969
BOARD OF TRADE
AccidentIsn vestigatBiroann ch
Shell� lexl Iouse
Strand
Londo\Vne 2
April1 969
ThRet. H onourabZAen thCornZoyas nd
�w
Presidoefnt thB eo aorfdT rade
Sir,
I havet heh onoutro submitth er eporto n thec ircumstances
G-ARlI'E
of thea ccidentto theBo eing7 07-465 whicho ccurreadt
HeathrOlAvi rport,L ondoonn 8thA pril1 968.
I havet heh onoutro be
Sir,
Youro bedienSte rvant,
v. A. M. Hunt
ChiIenfs peocftA ocrce indts
SBN 11 51025X4
•
•
ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATIBONRAN O;
CivilA ccidenRte portN o.E\'1 /C/0203
Aircmft:
G-ARWE
Boeing7 07-465
Engines:
FourR ollsR oyceC onwa5y0 8
Ownanedr
BritisOhv erseaAsi rwaysC orporation
Opemtor:
Crew:
ColTllMJl der - CaptaiCn R W Taylor uninjured
Co-Pilot - Senior FiOrfsfti cer
J B Kirkland uninjured
SeconOdf ficer- ActinFgi rstO fficer
J C Hutchinson uninjured
FlightE nginee-rE ngineerO fficer
T C Hicks uninjured
G
Oleck Captain- CaptainS Moss uninjured
SenioSrt eward- MrN DavisGo rdon uninjured
Steward - MrA �1cCarthy uninjured
Ste\Vard - Mr B Tay10r uninjured
Stewardess - MissR Unwin uninjured
Stewardess - HissJ Suares uninjured
Stewardess - MissB Harrison killed
Passengers:
116 4 killed
38 injured
Plaocfe
HeathroAwi rport,L ondon
Accident:
Dataen d
Time:
8thA pril1 968a t 1530h rs.
Allt imes in thisr eporta reQl IT
1
Summary
ApprmaotxeiLoynm ei nuatfet tear-k oefffr oRmu nw2a8Ly e fNto.,2
engifnaieL eadn adf eswe coLnadtsce aru gfhitr. e Thcer ew,
havisntga ran. eEdn giFnaieuL rDer LiL toc handgier ectLy to
had
anE ngiFnierD erL iL.Ho wevtehrfe,i rdei ndo gto o uatn td he
aircrwaafmsta noeufvortre hdqe u ickpeossts irbeLteurnt oL and
onRu nway RighDtu.r itnhgae p parcohN,o. 2e ngifneLeLaw ay
as
frotmh aei crra.f t
Thaei rcrmaadfeat g ooLdan dionngR unway Riganhdtw heint
as
camet oa s otpt, hfei rweh,i chc ontitnoub eurnd n eatrh e
had
No.2e ngipnoes itiinocnr,e ians edi ntaenntds hifetue yLt anks
int he wpionregtxL poded.
Emergeevnaccyu awtaissot na ratses do oanst haei rcrcaamfett o
as otpb ufto uorft hpea ssenagneodrn sse t aerwdsesw eroev ercome
byh eaatn sdm oakned ndoietds cape.
Thien vesitoiingn atttoh aec cideesntta bLtihsaththe eedn gine
sufferaef dat giufeai Lrueo fi tfsi fsttha Lgoepw r esscuorme­
preswshoeLrae ndt hapta rotfst hber okwehne eLb urtshtr ough
had
thceo rmpesscoairns g. The efnugLeis nuep pLLiynw ea sse vearnedd
thees capfUienLtg h eing ni.t Tehdfei rceo ntitnoub eurnd
becaoufsa eno misstioco Lno tshefe ue Ls huotf-vf aLbvyep uLLnig
thfei rseh uotf-hf andwLheet nh Een giFnierDr ei LwLa csa rried
out.
Thien vegsattiihoanas L ssoh otwhna tth oev aeLreLf ifcieonfc y
thaei rpofritr see rviwcaesss e rioruesduLcybe ydp oodre pLoy­
menotfs omaepL piancaensbd y e quipfmaieLnutr es.
2
1. Investigation
1.1
Histryo of thef light
Thea ircrafwta so peratinFgl ighBtA .71f2r omH eathroAwi rport,
Londotno Zuricwhi tho nwarrdo utintgo SydneyA ustraliaI.n
;"
additiotno then ormal crel,c omplementa, s upe isoryc aptaiwna s
on thea ircraffto rt hep urpose of carryinogu ta routec hecko n
CaptaiTna ylor.T hea ircrafbte camaei rbornef romRun way 28L eft
at 1527h rs.an d 20 secondlsa terj,u stb eforteh et imef ort he
noisea batemenpotw er reductiotnh,e f lighctr ewf elt ahneda rd
a combineds hocka ndb ang.T het hruslte verf orN o.2 engine
"kickedt"o wardtsh ec losepods itionan d at thes amet ime the
insrumet ntss howetdh att hee nginwea srun n ingd m>Tl. TI,Cea ptain
ordere"dE nginFea ilurDer ill" atnhde F lighEtn gineerb egan the
immediataec tionosf thatd rill.B ecausteh eu ndercarriwaagse
retractetdh,e w arningh orn soundedw hent heF lighEtn gineefru lly
retardetdh et hruslte ver;t heC heckC aptaiann dF lighEtn gineer
simultaneouslwye ntf ora ndp ulletdh eh orn canceslw itch on the
pedestawlh ilstth eF irstO fficerin,s tinctivelbyu,t in error,
pressetdh ef ireb ellc anceblu ttoinn fronto f him. TheF light
Engineewre ntf ort hee nginef ires hut-ofhfa ndlbeu th e didn ot
pulli t.
Thel acko f a flighdte ckv oicer ecordemra kesi t impossible to
establisah s econbdy secontdimi ng of eventsb,u ta t aboutt his
timet heC heckC aptailno okeodu to f a flighdte ckw indoown the
ports idea ndr eportead s erioufsi rei n No.2e nginea,d dinwgo rds
to thee ffectth ata landinsgh oulbde madea t thee arliest
possiblmoeme nt.
No membeorf thef lighctr ewr ecallhse arintgh ef ire warnibnegl l.
Nevertheletshse,f irew arningl ightin No.2f ires hut-ofhfa ndle
wass eent o be on and the Captoaridne readn "EnginFei reD rill".
TheC heckC aptai<nu ggesteadn,d t heF irstO fficewri tht he
Captain'asp provablr oadcasat ," Maydayc"a ll.
Havinign itialsltya rteadn EnginFea ilurDer illt,h eF light
Engineecrh angeddi rectltyo theE ngineF ireD rill.A ccorditnog
hise videnche,a vincgo mpletedP hase1 of theE nginFe ireD rill,
whichi s requiretdo be doneb y memory,h e subsequentulsye dh is
ownc opyo f thec heckl istt o completPeh ase1 1o f thed rill,
includitnhge o peratioofn thef iree xtinguishterra nsfesrw itch
and pushintgh ed ischargbuet tofno rt hes econsdh ott hirty
secondasf tert hef irst.W hent heF irstO fficesrt artetdo read
thec heckl istt heF lighEtn gineer thoilmdt hec heck waalsr eady
completed.D urintgh is perainodds ubsequentalcyc,o rditnog his
3
evidencet,h eC heckC aptaidni rectehdi sa ttentiotno monitoring
thes tateo f thef ireo n thIvei nga ndt o providitnhge C aptain
IVithc O1llel\ntsin tendedt o helph im posititohne a ircraffto r the
landing.
ATC originalolfyf eretdh eC aptaian landingb acko n Runway 28
Lefta nda lertetdh ef ires ervicebsu ta ftert he' 'tlaydacya'l'lh e
IVaosf fereRudn IVaOy SR ightI michw asa ccepteads it "'Quld resutl
in a shortefrl ightp ath.A TC ordereodt herl andinagi rcraftto
overshooitn ordert o ensurae cleara pproactho RunIVayO SR ight
andt o clearR unway2 8 Rightf ort hep assagoef thfei rev ehicles.
Thei nitianlo tificatitoon t heA irport Emergency Serviceso f the
expecteldan dingo n Runway 28 Leftw asa lsor evised.
About1 1 minuteasf tert hes tarto f thef ire,N o.2e nginet,o gether
withp arto f its pylobne,c amdee tacheadn df elli ntoa water­
unkn
fillegdr avepli t. ThisIV as own to thef lighctr ew but because
oft hes eparatitohne l ighti n thef ireh andlweo uldh aveg oneo ut.
Nevertheletshse,y w ere aIVtahraeta serious fire conttoi bnuurne.d
At various plaacleosn gt hef lighpta tha numbero f enginfer agments
and
pieceosf cOIVlihnagd a lreadfya lleanw ay,b utt hesec ausendo
dama
injurtyo personosr ge to property.
At aboutt het imet hee nginfee lla wayt heun dercarriawgaes
10lvereandd fulfll aps electedT.h eun dercarriage lodcokwne d
nonnally butt heh ydrauliprce ssure canodn tentwse res eent o fall
0 0
and
thef lapss toppeedx tendiantg 47, thati s 3 shorto f their
fullr ange.
Thea pproactho RunIVaOyS R ightw asma de froma difficult
position,t hea ircrafbte ingc loset o therun IVaya ndh avingr eached
a heiWlotf about3 ,000 feeta nda speedo f 225kn ots. Therei s no
glides lopeg uidancteo tllirunsI Vayb utt hea pproacwha sw ell
judgead ndt ouchdowwans a chieveadp proximatel4y00 yardsb eyond
thet hresholdT.o addt o theC aptain'dsi fficultideusr,i ntgh e
finala pproacthh eF lightE ngineeinrf ormed himt hat tinhset ru­
mentso f No.le nginien dicattehda ti t miWltf ail,a lthougiht did
notd o so.
I no rder btroi ngt hea ircraftto a stopi n thes hortespots sible
distancea fterl anding,i n additiotno thew heelb rakesr,e verse
thrustf romN o.la ndN o.4e nginesw asu sedd own to a veryl ow
speed. Theu seo f reversteh rusct ausetdh ef lamest o be deflected
in towardtsh ef uselageT.h ea ircrafctam e to a stopj ustto the
lefto f ther unwayc entre-linaeb,o ut1 ,800 yardsf romt het hreshold,
Dr-
on a headinogf 0 351.
Aftert hea ircrafctame to restt heF lightE ngineecrOll1T\CJl . cedt he
EngineS hut-DownDr illan d closetdh es tartl evers.Al.Jro st
simultaneouslyt heC aptaionr derefdi red rillo n ther emaining
engines. Betfhoirsec ouldb e carrieodu tt herew asa n explosion
�
fromt he porwti ngI Vhicihn creasetdh ei ntensitoy thef irea nd
blewf ragmentos f thew ingo vert thestarboarsd1d eo f thea 1r­
�
.
craft.T heC aptaint heno rdere:unmedd 1ate evacuatlOonf thef l1ght
deck.T Ileen ginef ires hut-ofhfa ndlewse ren ot pulledd the
�
fuelb oosteprump s andma in electricsaulp plwye ren ots w1tched
off. TIlerweer e more explosions and whfuieclhw, a sr eleasefdr om
anks
thepo rt t , spreaundd erneatht he aircraanfdtg reatleyn larged
thea reao f thfei re.
4
Thec abin crewh adma de preparatifoonras n emergenlcayn dinagn d
as thea ircrafctam e to a stopo penetdh ee mergencexyi tsa nd
starterdi gging the ecshcuatpees .T hep assengecrosmm enced
evacuatiforno mt het l<Os tarboaordv erwinegx itsa nds hortly
aften;ardsw,h ent hee scapceh utehsa d beiennf latedfr,o mt he
rears tarboargda lledyo ora ndt hent he forwasrtda rboagradl ley
door.I l owev,e bre causoef thes preaodf the fiunrdee r ther ear
of thef uselagteh ee scapceh utea t ther earg alledyo ors oon
burst anfdo,l lowintgh ef irste xplosiotnh,e o verwing escapreo ute
alsob ecameun usable.T heg reatma jorityo f thes urvivorlse ftt he
aircrafvti at hef orwargda lledyo ore scapceh ute.
TheF irstO fficerw,h oc ouldn otg eti ntot heg alletyo helpw ith
thee vacuatiolne,f tt hea ircraftth rougthh es tarboarfdl ight
deckw indobwy use tohfee scapreo pea t thatpo sition.T he
SeconOdf ficerl;,h oh elpegdu idet hep assengeirns t hei nitial
stagesf,o llowedT.I le Captain, ashasviinsgt etdh es tewardetsos
inflatet hepo rt forward chaultseol, e ftb y thef lighdte ck
windoawf ters eeingt hee vacuatiwoans p roceedinsga tisfactorily.
TheF lighEtn gineer tshaal;t t hepo rt forwardc huteh adn oti nflated
properlsyo he climbed doiwnt to straightietn. However,
immediatelayf teri t inflated it beuncuasmea blef romh eata ndb urst.
Thee vacuatioofn p assengehrasd b eenl argelcyo mpletbeyd thet ime
theA irporFti rea ndR escuSee rvicebse gant o providaes sistance.
Thef ires ervicepsr eventtehde f ueli n thes tarboartadn ksf rom
catchingf ireb utt her earf uselaganed portw ing wereb urnedo ut.
Fouro ft hep assengearnsd o nes tewardewsesr eo vercombey heat
ands moke at ther earo f the aircarnadfd ti dn ote scapew,h ilst
thirty-eigphats sengesruss tainiendj uriedsu rintgh ee vacuation.
Someh oursa ftert hea ccidenitt wasn otkn own howm anyh ad
escapeadl iveo r hadb eeni njurebde causseo mes urvivoI<resr e
quickly remtoov veadr ioutsr eatmeanntd r est centres whilst
otherlse ftt hev icinitoyf thea irportw ithoulte avingt heirn ames.
1.2
Injurietso p ersons
InjuriesC r'ewP assengeOr'tsh er's
4
Fatal 1
38
Non-fatal -
74
10
None
1.3 Dama ge to aircraft
TIlaei rcrafwta sd estroyed.
1.4O therdama ge
None
5
1.5 Creiwn formation
CatpaiCnh arWZZieossn R atcZfieT fayZor,
age4d 7h,e ladn a irlein
transpopritl otl'isec nc,ee ndrosefdo rc omman d ofBo eing7 07
aircra.f tHisl ascto mpetencchye cwka so n6 thS eptemb1e9r6 a7n d
hisl asmte idcaelx amaintiowna so n2 0tOcht obe1r9 6.7 Att het ime
oft hea cicdenhti st otafll yinegx periewnacs1e 4, 788h our,so f
lruch 1 ,555w ere Booenin g 707a icrraf.t Heh adf lownS Oh ours
durintgh e d3a0y psr ecedtihnega ccideanndt habde efnr eoef
dutyf or1 8d aypsr ior thteoc o mmencemoefnt th ifsli gh.t
SeniFoirr Osftif ceFranr ciBsr enKdainr kZand,
age3d 2,h eladn
airnleit ransporpti lotl'cise cne ,e ndrosefdo rc ommand ofBo eing
707a icrraf.t Hisl ascto mpetecnhceycw ka so n4 thA ugus1t9 67
andh is lmaesdti ceaxlma inatiwoasno n1 8tJha nuar1y9 6.8 Att he
timoef t hea cicdenhti st otafll yinegx perienwcaes5 4,96h ours
ofw hic2h8, 29we roe nBo ein7g0 7a icrraf.t Heh adf lown1 1h ours
in3 0d aypsr ecedtinhge a ccideanndt h adb een forfed eu tyf or
9 daypsr iotro t hec ommencemoefnt th ifsli gh.t
Acting OfFfiirJcsoethr Cn h esBtuetrc hinson,
age3d 0,h eladn
airlein transpopritl 'otsl ciecne,e ndorsefdo rc ommanodf H oeing
707a ircr.a fHtisl ascto mpetencchye cwka so n6 thM arc1h9 6a8n d
hisl asmte idcaelx aimnatiwoanso n4 thD ecbeemr1 967.A tt he
tmieo ft hea ccidehnitst otafll yienxpge rniceew as4 1,20h ours
ofI dli6c8h0w ere Booenin g7 07a ircr.a fHteh adf lOlm 5 hours
duirngt he3 0d aypsr ecedtinhge a ccideanntdh adb een forfed eu ty
for1 3d ayps riotro t hec ommencemeonftt hifsli gh.t
EnginOefefri Tcheorm Caahsr ZHeisc ks,
age3d 5,h elad flight
engineelrci'esn c,ee ndorsefdo rBo eing 707a ircr.a fHtisl ast
competencchye cwka so n2 7tDehc ember1 96a7n dh is lmaesdti cal
examin ationw aso n4 thD ecemb1e9r6. 7 Att het imoef t hea ccident
hist otafll yinegx perienwcaes6 4,36h ourosf w hich1 91w eroen
Boeing7 07a ircr.a fHteh ad£ 101,n5 2h ourdusr ingt he3 0d ays
precedtinhge a ccideanntdh adb eefnr eoef d utyf or2 2d aypsr ior
tot hec ommencemenotf t hifsli gh.t
SupervCiastpoariGynef orfeSyy dnMeosys ,
ageSdO ,h eladn a irlein
transpopritl otl'cise cne ,e ndrosefdo rc omman d ofBo eing 707
aicrraf.t Hisl ascto mpetency choenc6 kt hNw oavse mb1e9r6 a7n d
hisl asmte idcaelx aimnatiwoanso n6 thDe cembe1r9 6.7 Att he
timoef t hea ccidehnitst otafll yienxgp eriewnacs1e 2 ,597h ours
ofw hic3h, 815w eroen Bo eing7 07a ircr.a fHteh adf lOl,n 56h ours
�
durintgh e3 0d aypsr ecedtinhge a ccide�ndt d beefnr eoefd uty
.
for9 daypsr iotro t hec ommencemoefnt th 1fsl 1g.h tCaptaM1no ss
beean suprevisocrayp taoinn7 07a ircrasfincte 1 96.3
I13S
Allmemb ers oft hef lihgtc reawn dt hec abicnr ehwa dr eceived
emergenpcryo cedturrae ininwgi thitnh ep resicbrepde ri.o d
6
1.6A ircraifntf ormation
(a)G eneral
G-ARWE Hasb uilint 196an2d Henitn tsoe rviwciet BhOA Ct hes ame
year.I th ad breeegnu lasrelryv icine adc cordawnicteah n
approvmeadi ntensacnhceed ulAett. h et imoef t hea ccideintt had
flOlav tno taolf 2 0,8h7o0u rs.
On the2 1sNto vemberi t1w 9a6si7 n volvine adn a ccideantt
Honolulu,a twuhrebnii nneN o.e4n ginfea ildeudr intgh et ake­
offr un: flyindge brpiunsc turae fdu etla nakn dr eleasfeude l
Hhicihg nitaenddt het ake-offa bHaansd onTehde.f irHea s
subsequeenxttliyn guibsyht ehde airports efrivriec eTsh.e
aircra';fatsr epairaendda llt hee ngineHse rceh anged.
(b)N o. 2e ngine
Thiesn gineH asc onstruicnt ed1 9a6n1dt her ecorsdhso twh aitt
wasc ompletoevleyr hauinl Maerdc h1 965.I nM ay1 96i5t H as
removefdr om serbveiccaeuo sfer eported vibIrnavteisotni.g ation
revealae Sdt ag8e h igphr essauwrcelo mpressbolra dfea iludruee
tof atiguTeh.ee nginwea sr epairaenddr eturnetdos ervicIen.
Octobe1r9 6t7h ee ngineH asr emovebde causef laomft eu be
deterioraatnidfo onrw ardteodt heB OAeCn ginoe verhabualsf eo r
repairD.u ring rtehpiasi irn,w hicthh ee nginHea so nlpya rtially
stripptehdae, w clo mpresHsaosnr o td isturbbuettd h e1 0Hp ressure
(Lpl compressoofrH ,h icthh eN o5. H heewla sa no riginaclo mponent,
wasc ompletesltyr ippaenddo verhaulNeodc .r acdke tection
procedHuarse requoircr aerdr ioeudtd urintgh irse pairA.f ter
ther epaitrh ee ngiHnaes b encthe stoend2 2nNdo vemb1e9r6 7.
Durintgh itse st, asfetveerrr aunls a ndv ibratsiuornv eytsh,e
enginHea s rejefcotree xdc essviivber ataitot nh eN o.p3i ck-up
closteo t heH P compressoTrh.el ocatiooftn h ipsi ck-up
positiaonndt hespea rticuvliabrr atliiomni Htesr ines titutbeyd
BOACa sa idtso m aintenaanncdeH eraed ditiotnota hlo slea iddO Hn
int heo verhasuclh edublyte h ee ngimanneu facturTehre.
manufactluiremrist s nwoeter xec eedaetad n yt imeA.f tecro nsider­
ingt her ecorofdt het estas c ompancyo ncessHiaosin s sueandd
thee nginaec cepteIdtH. a sin stalline dan otheBro ein7g0 7a nd
afterunrn ing1 ,41h5o urist w asr emovefdo ra modification
concernitnhget urbisneea lsOn. 5thA pril 19w6a8si nistt alled
in theN o.po2s itioinnG -ARlVE .
At� let ime oft hea ccidetnhtie sn gihnaed r una totoaf1l 4 ,917
hourssin cen eHi,n cludin4g, 34h6o urssi nciet sl ascto mplete
overhaaunld1, , 41h6o urssi nciet sl asrte paini r1 967T.h e
ConHasYe ri5e0s8 n ormallyh asa perioodf5 ,500h ourrunsn ing
timbee tweceonm pleotvee rhauls.
(a)A irarfaueflst y tsem
TIlaei rcraffutet la nkasr ea nin tegrapla rotf t hew insgt ructure
witthh ef ronwti nsgp afro rmingt hef on;arfda coef e acfhu el
tankJ.u sbte hintdh ef ronstp aanrd jusintb oarodf tcheen tre­
linoef e acehn gipnyel oins,a fuel-farreeekna O Hn as dtrhyeb ay,
housitnhgee lectricoaplelrya tfeudes lh ut-ovfafl vTeh.e shut-off
7