Citizenship and Immigrant Incorporation: Comparative Perspectives on North America and Western Europe PDF
Preview Citizenship and Immigrant Incorporation: Comparative Perspectives on North America and Western Europe
Citizenship and Immigrant Incorporation Citizenship and Immigrant Incorporation Comparative Perspectives on North America and Western Europe Edited by Gökçe Yurdakul and Y. Michal Bodemann CITIZENSHIPANDIMMIGRANTINCORPORATION Copyright © Gökçe Yurdakul and Y.Michal Bodemann,2007. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-0-230-60013-3 All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 and Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire,England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-60259-9 ISBN 978-1-137-07379-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-07379-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Citizenship and immigrant incorporation :comparative perspectives on North America and Western Europe / editors,Gökçe Yurdakul and Y.Michal Bodemann. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1.Citizenship.2.Immigrants.3.Social integration.I.Yurdakul,Gökçe.II. Bodemann,Y.Michal,1944– JF801.C5685 2007 323.6094––dc22 2007006268 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India. First edition:October 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Notes on the Contributors xi Foreword: The Integration Challenge xiii Cem Özdemir Introduction: Between Universalism and the Recognition of Otherness 1 Y. Michal Bodemann Part I The Changing Nature of Migration in North America and Western Europe One The Changing Nature of Migration in the Twenty-First Century: Implications for Integration Strategies 17 Aristide R. Zolberg Two The Economic Adaptation of Past and Present Immigrants: Lessons from a Comparative-Historical Approach 29 Ewa Morawska Three Citizenship and Pluralism: Multiculturalism in a World of Global Migration 57 Irene Bloemraad Part II Diaspora, Religion, and Counter-Traditions Four Islam and Multicultural Societies: A Transatlantic Comparison 75 Jocelyne Cesari Five The Changing Contours of the Immigrant Religious Life 99 Peggy Levitt vi/ contents Six Crafting an Identity in the Diaspora: Iranian Immigrants in the United States 123 Valentine M. Moghadam Part III Nation-State, Transnational Migration and Immigrant Workers Seven Nation-State Building Projects and the Politics of Transnational Migration: Locating Salvadorans in Canada, the United States, and El Salvador 141 Patricia Landolt Eight Freedom to Discriminate: A National State Sovereignty and Temporary Migrant Workers in Canada 163 Nandita Sharma Nine Professionals and Saints: How Immigrant Careworkers Negotiate Gender Identities at Work 185 Cinzia Solari Part IV Immigrant Incorporation into Social Institutions Ten “We are Strong Together”: The Unhappy Marriage of Immigrant Associations and Trade Unions in Germany 215 Gökçe Yurdakul Eleven Liberal Values and Illiberal Cultures: The Question of Sharia Tribunals in Ontario 233 H. Donald Forbes Index 247 List of Illustrations Tables 2.1 Similarities and differences in global, national, local, and individual factors contributing to economic integration of past and present immigrants 47 2.2 Similarities and differences in the effects of combined (global, national, local, individual) circumstances on past and present immigrants’ economic integration 49 8.1 Total number of (im)migrant workers in the Canadian labor market by calendar year, permanent residents “destined” to the labor market, and nonimmigrant workers, 1973–2004 168 8.2 Labor recruitment to Canada from abroad, persons admitted as independent class immigrants and nonimmigrant workers, 1980–2004 169 10.1 The participation of Turkish workers in the German unions (DGB) 221 Charts 8.1 Total number of (im)migrant workers in the Canadian labor market by calendar year, permanent residents “destined” to the labor market, and nonimmigrant workers, 1973–2004 169 8.2 Labor recruitment to Canada from abroad, persons admitted as independent-class immigrants and nonimmigrant workers, 1980–2004 170 Figure 9.1 Discursive practice, gender, and religious affiliation of respondents 189 Acknowledgments Most of the contributions to this volume resulted from the conference “Citizenship, Ethnos, Multiculturalism: North American Models in Comparative Perspective” organized with the joint sponsorship of the Joint Initiative for German and European Studies at the University of Toronto, the Heinrich Böll Stiftung and the Canadian Embassy in Berlin, during November 2–5, 2005. Independently from the conference presentations, this volume has developed its own path with articles from Irene Bloemraad, Ewa Morawska, Nandita Sharma, Cinzia Solari, and Gökçe Yurdakul. We would like to thank Ralf Fücks, Marieluise Beck, Cem Özdemir, Barbara John, Robert Vanderloo, Mekonnen Mesghena, Christine Mehta, Özcan Mutlu, and Michael Walther who contributed to this conference in different ways. We also want to thank Agata Piçkosz who helped with the manuscript and the Palgrave editorial team who carefully prepared it for publication. Notes on the Contributors Y. Michal Bodemannis Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto and affiliated with the Joint Initiative in German and European Studies at the Munk Center for International Studies. Irene Bloemraadis an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jocelyne Cesariis a Senior Research Fellow at CNRS-Paris and Associate at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Harvard University where she directs the Islam in the West Program (see http://www.fas.harvard.edu/ ~mideast/activities/islaminwest/index.html). She teaches on Contemporary Islam at the Harvard Divinity School. H. Donald Forbes is Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto. Patricia Landolt is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto and Research Associate at the Centre for Urban and Community Studies. Peggy Levittis Associate Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department at Wellesley College and a Research Fellow at The Weatherhead Center for International Affairs and at The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Harvard University. Her book, God Needs No Passport: Immigrants and the Changing American Religious Landscapewas published in June 2007. Valentine M. Moghadamis Professor of Sociology and Women’s Studies at Purdue University, and Director of the Women’s Studies Program. Ewa Morawskais Professor of Sociology at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom. Cem Özdemiris Member of the European Parliament for the Greens/EFA Parliamentary Group. Nandita Sharma is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Ethnic Studies and the Department of Sociology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu, Hawaii. Cinzia Solari is completing a PhD in Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. xii/ notes on the contributors Gökçe Yurdakul is Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in the Department of Sociology at University of Dublin, Trinity College. Aristide R. Zolbergis a Walter A. Eberstadt Professor of Political Science at the Graduate Faculty of New School for Social Research in New York City and director of its International Centre for Migration, Ethnicity, and Citizenship.
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