Citizenship and Exclusion

221 Pages·1997·11.942 MB·English

by  Veit Bader

Citizenship and
Exclusion
Edited by
Veit Bader
CITIZENSHIP AND EXCLUSION
This page intentionally left blank
Citizenship and
Exclusion
Edited by
Veit Bader
Universiteit van Amsterdam
The Netherlands
f&
m
First published in Great Britain 1997 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 0-333-71243-9
m
First published in the United States of America 1997 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 0-312-17587-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Citizenship and exclusion / edited by Veit Bader.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-312-17587-6 (alk. paper)
1. Citizenship. 2. Emigration and immigration. 3. Social policy.
4. Aliens—Civil rights. 5. Immigrants—Civil rights. I. Bader,
Veit-Michael.
JF801.C568 1997
323.6—dc21 97-11684
CIP
Selection, editorial matter, introduction and chapters 2, 8 and 9 © Veit Bader 1997
Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5,6 and 7 © Macmillan Press Ltd 1997
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
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Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Contributors x
Introduction
Veit Bader 1
Parti
Citizenship and Exclusion:
Philosophical Perspectives
1 Migration and Poverty
Thomas Pogge 12
2 Fairly Open Borders
Veit Bader 28
Part II
Citizenship, Migration and Incorporation:
Historical Perspectives
3 The 'Nature' of Nationality
Verena Stolcke 61
4 Segmented Macrosystems, Networking Individuals, Cultural Change:
Balancing Processes and Interactive Change in Migration
DirkHoerder 81
v
vi Contents
Part III
Modes of Incorporation and Politics of Multiculturalism:
Sociological Perspectives
5 Beyond Multiculturalist Citizenship:
The Challenge of Pluralism in Canada
Danielle Juteau 96
6 Multicultural Citizenship: The Australian Experience
Stephen Castles 113
7 Modes of Incorporation: Towards a Comparative Framework
A ristide Zolberg 139
Part IV
Dilemmas of Migration and Incorporation Policies
8 The Arts of Forecasting and Policy Making
Veit Bader 155
9 Conclusion
Veit Bader 175
Bibliography 190
Index 205
Acknowledgements
Citizenship and Exclusion publishes revised versions of new papers or
lectures presented at an expert colloquium in Amsterdam, April 9-12,
1996. Distinguished scholars from different countries, disciplines and
theoretical perspectives focused on moral, political, historical, social and
legal aspects of citizenship as exclusion, particularly on immigration-,
refugee-, asylum- and naturalization policies in a comparative perspec
tive. Three characteristics made the colloquium a distinctive event: (i) It
was truly international and interdisciplinary, particularly in combining
normative disciplines (moral and political philosophy, law) with descrip
tive and explanatory ones (history, anthropology, sociology, political sci
ence), (ii) As the subtitle of the colloquium: Towards practical knowl
edge indicated, all scholars have been confronted with urgent practical
questions, (iii) Its organization allowed extended conversations and mu
tual learning. Not only were all articles distributed long in advance, writ
ten auto-comments by the authors as well as comments, responses and re
plies were also distributed and read in advance. Time was available for
extensive debate during the sessions.
In session I on 'European and Multicultural Citizenship: Recent para
doxes of sovereignty and citizenship in an historical and comparative per
spective', the following texts were discussed: Will Kymlicka (Chapter 2.
'The Politics of Multiculturalism' from his Multicultural Citizenship
(1995) and his 'Update' (1996), commented on by Marlies Galenkamp
('Sitting on the fence'); Verena Stolcke ('The "Nature" of Nationality', in
this volume), commented on by Jessurun d'Oliveira and Rainer Baubock.
Roel de Lange ('Paradoxes of European Citizenship', 1995), commented
on by Cees Groenendijk; Danielle Juteau ('Beyond Multiculturalist
Citizenship', in this volume), commented on by Will Kymlicka. Session
II on 'Citizenship and Exclusion: Why not open borders?': Robert
Goodin ('If People Were Money' (1992); 'Auto-Comment: Free Move
ment: Further Thoughts' (1996), commented on by Thomas Pogge;
Thomas Pogge ('Globalizing the Rawlsian Conception of Justice' (Part
Three of his 'Realizing Rawls' (1989)), commented on by Rainer
Baubock. Rainer Baubock ('Changing the Boundaries of Citizenship'
(1995), commented on by Robert Goodin. Veit Bader ('Citizenship and
Exclusion' (1995); 'Auto-Comment' (1996), commented on by Thomas
Pogge and Rainer Baubock; response to Pogge's comment by Bader: 'A
Multilayered Concept of Citizenship' (1996a). Session III on 'Immigra
tion, Asylum, Naturalization and their Consequences in Past and Pre-
vii
viii Acknowledgements
sent'; Aristide Zolberg ('Wanted but not Welcome' (Ch. 2 of 1987) and
'Who is a Refugee?' (Ch. 1 of 1989)), commented on by Leslie Page
Moch. Leslie Page Moch ('Moving Europeans' (1995)), commented on
by Jan Lucassen. Jan Lucassen ("The Netherlands, the Dutch and Long
Distance Migration in the Late Sixteenth to Early Nineteenth Centuries'
(1994)), commented on by Dirk Hoerder. Veit Bader (The Arts of Fore
casting and Policy Making' (in this volume)), commented on by Ton
Korver. Session IV on 'Concepts and Modes of Incorporation': Aristide
Zolberg ('Modes of Incorporation', in this volume), commented on by
Robert Goodin. Stephen Castles (Ch. 8 'New Ethnic Minorities and
Society', from The Age of Migration (1993); 'Auto-Comment'), com
mented on by Danielle Juteau. Yasemin Soysal (Ch. 3: 'Explaining Incor
poration Regimes', from her Limits of Citizenship (1994)), commented on
by Stephen Castles. Dirk Hoerder ('Segmented Macrosystems, Net
working Individuals, Cultural Change'; in this volume), commented on
by Leslie Page Moch. Session V on 'Immigration-, Refugee- and Natura
lization Policies: Programmatic Alternatives and Strategies': Hans Ulrich
Jessurun d'Oliveira ('Expanding External and Shrinking Internal Bor
ders' (1994)), commented on by Aristide Zolberg. Cees Groenendijk
('Three Questions on Free Movement of Persons and Democracy in Eu
rope' (1993)), commented on by Roel de Lange. Dilek £ynar ('From
Aliens to Citizens' (1995)), presented by Rainer Baubock and commen
ted on by Dirk Hoerder.
This volume contains all the new articles and the public lecture by
Thomas Pogge: 'Poverty and Migration: Normative Issues'.1 For reasons
of space it has been impossible to include all lectures, summaries of all
articles and all the comments, auto-comments and responses. I asked all
authors to take comments and discussions into account in rewriting their
contributions and I myself tried to do justice to the debates in session II in
my chapter on 'Fairly Open Borders' written for this volume. Still, only a
very small part of the stimulating and productive exchange of ideas dur
ing the colloquium can be made accessible here.
I take the opportunity to thank all participants who made the collo
quium a success and, I hope, enjoyed it as much as I did. I would like to
The lectures by Robert Goodin, Rainer Baubock and Leslie Page Moch are pub
lished, for different reasons, elsewhere: Goodin, R (1997) 'Inclusion and Exclusion.
The very Ideas', in: Archives Europeennes de Sociologies Dec. 1996 . Baubock, R.:
'Group Rights for Cultural Minorities: Justifications and Constraints', in: Lukes, S.
and Garcia, S. (eds.) The Quality of Citizenship: Social Inclusion versus Multicul
turalism? Page Moch, L. (1997) 'Foreign Workers in Western Europe: 'The
"Cheaper Hands" in Historical Perspective', in: Klausen, J. and Tilly, L. (eds.)
European Integration as a Social Process: Historical Perspectives, 1850-1995.
Boulder: Roman and Littlefield.
Acknowledgements ix
thank the following institutions for financial support: Directie Coordi-
natie Minderhedenbeleid, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken; Ministerie
van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport; College van Bestuur van de
Universiteit van Amsterdam; Koninklijk Nederlandse Academie der
Wetenschappen; Dutch Research School for Practical Philosophy; Facul-
teit der Wijsbegeerte en Faculteit der Politieke en Sociaal Culturele
Wetenschappen, Universiteit van Amsterdam. Special thanks to Tom
Nieuwenhuis and to Klaske de Jong for their help in organizing the Col
loquium.