Citizens in the Graeco-Roman world: aspects of citizenship from the archaic period to AD 212

353 Pages·2017·1.43 MB·English

by  Busetto, Anna, Cecchet, Lucia

CitizensintheGraeco-RomanWorld
Mnemosyne
Supplements
history and archaeology
of classical antiquity
SeriesEditor
HansvanWees(UniversityCollegeLondon)
AssociateEditors
JanPaulCrielaard(VrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam)
BenetSalway(UniversityCollegeLondon)
volume407
Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/mns-haca
Citizens
in the Graeco-Roman World
Aspectsof CitizenshipfromtheArchaicPeriodtoad212
Editedby
LuciaCecchet
AnnaBusetto
leiden | boston
Coverillustration:HonorificstatueofLuciusAntoniusClaudiusDometeinusDiogenes.Aphrodisias,
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Raddato.Reproducedbykindpermissionofthephotographer(https://followinghadrian.com).
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TypefacefortheLatin,Greek,andCyrillicscripts:“Brill”.Seeanddownload:brill.com/brill-typeface.
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Contents
Preface vii
LuciaCecchetandAnnaBusetto
ListofAbbreviations ix
Introduction.GreekandRomanCitizenship:StateofResearchand
OpenQuestions 1
LuciaCecchet
part 1
DefiningtheCitizenBodyintheGreekPoleis
1 LookingforCitizenshipinArchaicGreece.Methodologicaland
HistoricalProblems 33
MaurizioGiangiulio
2 Re-shapingandRe-foundingCitizenBodies:TheCaseofAthens,
CyreneandCamarina 50
LuciaCecchet
3 PoliteiainGreekFederalStates 78
ChiaraLasagni
4 TheCaseofMultipleCitizenshipHoldersintheGraeco-Roman
East 110
AndreeaȘtefan
part 2
CitizensandNon-citizensintheRomanWorld
5 CitizensamongOutsidersinPlautus’sRomanCosmopolis.AMoment
ofChange 135
ElenaIsayev
vi contents
6 WereChildrenSecond-ClassCitizensinRomanSociety?Information
TechnologyResourcesforaNewVisionofanAncientIssue 156
DonatoFasolini
7 EgyptiansandCitizenshipfromtheFirstCenturyadtothe
ConstitutioAntoniniana 172
ValerioMarotta
8 FiftyYearsbeforetheAntonineConstitution:AccesstoRoman
CitizenshipandExclusiveRights 199
ArnaudBesson
part 3
AncientCitizenshipinthePhilosophicalandPoliticalReflection
9 MetaphoricalAppealstoCivicEthosinLycurgus’Against
Leocrates 223
JakubFilonik
10 Alteramlocipatriam,alteramiuris:“DoubleFatherlands”andthe
RoleofItalyinCicero’sPoliticalDiscourse 259
FilippoCarlà-Uhink
11 AncientandModernSourcesofHegel’sConceptionoftheRoman
Citizenship 283
ValerioRoccoLozano
12 TheIdeaofCosmopolitanismfromItsOriginstothe21st
Century 302
AnnaBusetto
IndexofAncientSources 319
GeneralIndex 333
Preface
ThisbooktakesitsinspirationfromaninternationalconferenceheldinUrbino
in2014onthetopic“Citizens,AncientandModern.QuestionsandDebateon
Citizenship in the ancient world and today”, organized by the editors of this
bookandgenerouslyfundedbytheUniversityof Urbinoincooperationwith
theculturalassociationRodopis—ExperienceAncientHistory.
The original idea of a conference on ancient citizenship was suggested to
us by the many questions raised by the peculiar historical period in which
we live. As we all agree, Europe is today witnessing an extraordinary and,
hithertounknown,phenomenonofimmigrationofpeopleespeciallyfromthe
Near-EasternandAfricancountries.AccordingtotheunRefugeeAgency,59.5
millionpeopleworldwidewereforciblydisplacedin2014.1TheAgencyreports
that“the28MemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnionregistered570,800asylum
claimsin2014,a44percentincreasecomparedto2013.”2
The massive movement of people towards Europe is currently fuelling a
livelypoliticaldebateontheintegrationofimmigrantsintoEuropeansocieties.
Inashort-timeperspective,thequestionishowtowelcomeandintegratethese
peopleintoourcommunities,andhowtofacethepolitical,economic,social
andreligiouschallengesthatmassmigrationbringswithit.Inthelongerterm,
one wonders how this phenomenon will eventually affect both the eu as a
communitarianinstitutionandourunderstandingofEuropeancitizenship.
Despitesignificantdifferenceswithinthecontemporaryworld,migration-
phenomena were indeed already known in antiquity. The set of questions
promptedbyintensiveimmigrationincontemporaryEuropecan,mutatismu-
tandis,beappliedtotheancientworld.Howdidancientcitiesrespondtothe
needofintegratingforeigners?Whatdidcitizenrightsentailandhowdidthe
practice of granting citizenship change from the world of the classical and
Hellenistic poleistothemoreintegratedsystemof theRomanEmpire?How
didancientpoliticalthinkersregardcitizensandcitizenrightsinaworldthat
wasbecomingmoreandmorecosmopolitan?
These are some of the central questions on which the Urbino conference
focused.Thisbookcontainsanassortmentofpapersonthesetopics:basedon
1 Globaltrends2014:http://www.unhcr.de/service/zahlen-und-statistiken.html.
2 Asylum trends 2014: http://www.unhcr.de/service/zahlen-und-statistiken.html. Roughly
300,000asylumseekersarrivedineu-membersstatesinthefirstquarterof 2016,among
whichthefirstthreenationalitieswereSyrians,IraqisandAfghanis,accordingtoEurostat
data:http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_quarterly_report.
viii preface
thestudyofmainlyliteraryandepigraphicevidence,itexplorestheprocesses
of formationandre-formationof citizenbodies,theintegrationof foreigners
intoancientcities,thequestionofmultiplecitizenship-holdersandthepolit-
icalandphilosophicalthoughtoncitizenship.Onecaveat:thepresentbookis
notacompaniontoancientcitizenshipanditdoesnotaimatcoveringthefull
rangeof questionsconcerningthistopicintheancientworld.Instead,itdis-
cussessomekey-aspectsof citizenshipfromits firstemergenceintheGreek
communitiesof thearchaicperioduntilthedecadesprecedingtheAntonine
Constitutionofad212,theformalactwithwhichcitizenshipwasextendedto
(almost) all the free inhabitants of the Empire.The papers are grouped into
threesectionswhichwill,hopefully,guidethereaderinidentifyingthethree
centralsubjects,i.e.“DefiningthecitizenbodyintheGreekpoleis”,“Citizens
andnon-citizensintheRomanworld”,and“Ancientcitizenshipinthephilo-
sophicalandpoliticalreflection”.
Inoverseeingthisvolume,itbecameincreasinglycleartousthattheques-
tions dealt with are all very relevant to the world in which we live, which is
becoming,atleastasfarasEuropeisconcerned,moreandmorecosmopolitan,
closerandclosertofacingthequestionofintegration,naturalizationandrela-
tionsbetweencitizensandnon-citizens.Wesincerelyhopethatthesepapers
willstimulatefurtherdiscussiononthesetopicsbothintheancientworldand
incontemporarysocieties.
LuciaCecchetandAnnaBusetto
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