This page intentionally left blank Citizens Abroad Despitethefactthatthemajorityofemigrationtodayoriginatesinthe globalsouth,mostresearchhasfocusedonthereceivingstatesofEurope and North America, while very little attention has been paid to the policiesofthesendingstatestowardemigrationortowardtheirnationals abroad. Taking the country cases of Morocco, Tunisia, Lebanon and Jordan,thisworkexplorestherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentof thesendingstates,theoutmovementoftheircitizensandthecommu- nitiesofexpatriatesthathavedeveloped.Byfocusingontheevolutionof government institutions charged with various aspects of expatriate affairs,thisworkbreaksnewgroundinexplainingthechangingnature oftherelationshipbetweenexpatriatesandtheirhomestate.Farfrom suggestingthatthestateiswaninginimportance,theconclusionsindi- catethatthisrelationshipprovidesevidencebothofstateresilienceand ofnewtrendsinthepracticeofsovereignty. LAURIE A. BRAND is Professor of International Relations at the UniversityofSouthernCalifornia.SheisalsotheauthorofPalestinians in the Arab World (1988), Jordan’s Inter-Arab Relations (1994), and Women,theStateandPoliticalLiberalization(1998). CambridgeMiddleEastStudies23 EditorialBoard CharlesTripp(generaleditor) JuliaA.Clancy-Smith IsraelGershoni RogerOwen YezidSayigh JudithE.Tucker Cambridge Middle East Studies has been established to publish books on the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Middle East and North Africa. The aim of the series is to provide new and original interpretationsofaspectsofMiddleEasternsocietiesandtheirhistories. To achieve disciplinary diversity, books will be solicited from authors writing in a wide range of fields including history, sociology, anthro- pology,politicalscienceandpoliticaleconomy.Theemphasiswillbeon producing books offering an original approach along theoretical and empiricallines.Theseriesisintendedforstudentsandacademics,but the more accessible and wide-ranging studies will also appeal to the interestedgeneralreader. Alistofbooksintheseriescanbefoundaftertheindex. Citizens Abroad Emigration and the State in the Middle East and North Africa Laurie A. Brand cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,SãoPaulo Cambridge University Press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb22ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521858052 ©LaurieA.Brand2006 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionof relevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplace withoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublishedinprintformat 2006 isbn-13 978-0-511-14645-9 eBook(EBL) isbn-10 0-511-14645-0 eBook(EBL) isbn-13 978-0-521-85805-2 hardback isbn-10 0-521-85805-4 hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurls forexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnot guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. For Fayez
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