About the Editor John Julius Norwich is the author of magisterial histories of Norman Sicily, Venice, Byzantium and the Mediterranean, and has also written on Mount Athos, the Sahara, English architecture, Shakespeare’s histories and the history of the Papacy. His memoirs, Trying to Please, were published in 2008. Since 1970 he has compiled an annual pamphlet anthology, A Christmas Cracker. He has made some thirty historical documentaries for television. Formerly Chairman of Colnaghi, the oldest fine art dealers in London, he is Honorary Chairman of the Venice in Peril Fund and Chairman Emeritus of World Monuments Fund Britain. Other titles of interest published by Thames & Hudson include: The Great Cities in History (Edited by John Julius Norwich) The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and its People The Complete Pompeii The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt The Making of the Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean from the Beginning to the Emergence of the Classical World Palenque: Eternal City of the Maya Royal Cities of the Ancient Maya See our websites www.thamesandhudson.com www.thamesandhudsonusa.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Birth of Urban Life John Julius Norwich The Near East URUK The World’s First City Margarete van Ess UR Mesopotamian Centre of Power and Wealth Marc Van de Mieroop HATTUSA Stronghold of the Hittite Empire Trevor Bryce TROY Myth and Reality Bettany Hughes BABYLON Nebuchadnezzar and the Hanging Gardens Joan Oates NINEVEH Palaces and Temples of the Assyrian Kings Julian Reade PERSEPOLIS Heart of the Persian Empire Marc Van de Mieroop PERGAMUM Hellenistic City of Culture Stephen Mitchell JERUSALEM City Founded on Faith Martin Goodman PETRA Architectural Wonder Built on Trade Jane Taylor EPHESUS Sanctuary and Temple of Artemis Stephen Mitchell PALMYRA Between Rome and Persia Nigel Pollard Africa MEMPHIS The Balance of the Two Lands Ian Shaw THEBES Heart of Egypt’s Golden Age Bill Manley AMARNA Short-Lived City of the Sun God Barry Kemp CARTHAGE Phoenician and Roman Cities Henry Hurst ALEXANDRIA Greek Capital of Egypt Alan B. Lloyd MEROË Royal City of Nubia Robert Morkot LEPTIS MAGNA Splendour and Beauty in North Africa Nigel Pollard AKSUM Ethiopian Royal Trading City Matthew C. Curtis Europe KNOSSOS Palatial Centre of Minoan Crete Colin F. Macdonald MYCENAE Palaces and Tombs of Warrior Kings Bettany Hughes ATHENS Birthplace of Democracy Bettany Hughes AKRAGAS City of Luxury and Excess Tony Spawforth PAESTUM A Tale of Two Colonies Nigel Pollard ROME Augustus’ City of Stone Nigel Pollard POMPEII A Bustling Provincial City of the Roman Empire Paul Roberts NÎMES AND THE PONT DU GARD Masterpieces of Architecture and Technology Simon Esmonde Cleary TRIER From Provincial City to Imperial Residence Simon Esmonde Cleary Asia MOHENJO-DARO Mysteries of the Indus Civilization Robin Coningham LINZI Cities of Warring States China W. J. F. Jenner XIANYANG China’s First Imperial Capital Frances Wood PATALIPUTRA Centre of the Mauryan Empire Robin Coningham ANURADHAPURA Island Capital and Pilgrimage Site Robin Coningham The Americas CARAL Early Monumental Centre in Peru Daniel H. Sandweiss LA VENTA Regal and Ritual City of the Olmec Richard A. Diehl
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