Cirque Global Louis Patrick Leroux and Charles R. Batson, Editors Cirque Global Quebec’s Expanding Circus Boundaries McGill-Queen’sUniversityPress Montreal&Kingston•London•Chicago ©McGill-Queen’sUniversityPress2016 isbn978-0-7735-4672-1(cloth) isbn978-0-7735-4673-8(paper) isbn978-0-7735-9870-6(epdf) Legaldepositsecondquarter2016 BibliothèquenationaleduQuébec PrintedinCanadaonacid-freepaper ThisbookhasbeenpublishedwiththehelpofagrantfromtheCanadian FederationfortheHumanitiesandSocialSciences,throughtheAwardsto ScholarlyPublicationsProgram,usingfundsprovidedbytheSocialSciences andHumanitiesResearchCouncilofCanada. FundinghasalsobeenprovidedbytheAidtoResearchRelatedEvents(arre) ProgramoftheOfficeoftheVice-President,ResearchandGraduateStudies, ConcordiaUniversity. McGill-Queen’sUniversityPressacknowledgesthesupportoftheCanada CouncilfortheArtsforourpublishingprogram.Wealsoacknowledgethe financialsupportoftheGovernmentofCanadathroughtheCanadaBook Fundforourpublishingactivities. LibraryandArchivesCanadaCataloguinginPublication Cirqueglobal:Quebec’sexpandingcircusboundaries/Louis PatrickLerouxandCharlesR.Batson,editors. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Issuedinprintandelectronicformats. isbn978-0-7735-4672-1(cloth).–isbn978-0-7735-4673-8(paperback). –isbn978-0-7735-9870-6(epdf) 1.Circus–Québec(Province). 2.Circus–Québec(Province)–History. 3.CirqueduSoleil–History. I.Leroux,LouisPatrick,1971–,editor II.Batson,CharlesR.,editor gv1805.c3c572016 791.309714 c2016-900709-x c2016-900710-3 Contents IllustrationsandTables ix Acknowledgments xiii Prologue ReadingQuebec’sExpandingCircusBoundaries xvii CharlesR.Batson Introduction ReinventingTradition,BuildingaField:QuebecCircus andItsScholarship 3 LouisPatrickLeroux I Quebec on Planet Circus 1 TheQuébécoisCircusintheConcertofNations: ExchangeandTransversality 25 PascalJacob TranslatedbyTiffanyTempleton 2 ATaleofOrigins:DeconstructingNorthAmerican“Cirque” WhereQuébécoisandAmericanCircusCulturesMeet 36 LouisPatrickLeroux 3 AreQuebecCircusesofForeignOrigin? 55 JulieBoudreault TranslatedbyTaniaGrant vi Contents II Cirque Brands 4 PerformanceServices:ThePromisesofCirqueduSoleil 71 ErinHurley 5 TheLastManinQuebec:BetweenCircusandReligion 79 SylvainLavoie TranslatedbyCaitlinStall-Paquet 6 CircusandGentrification 85 SusanBennett III Dramaturgy and Aesthetics 7 Les7doigtsdelamainandTheirCirque:Origins, Resistances,Intimacies 99 CharlesR.Batson 8 TheMultipleBodiesofCirqueduSoleil 122 ErinHurley 9 “SomewherebetweenScienceandLegend”:Imagesof IndigeneityinRobertLepageandCirqueduSoleil’sTotem 140 KarenFricker IV Circus Problematized 10 Creativity’sTug-of-WarbetweenArtistsandManagers: AMediator’sPerspectiveontheCaseofCirqueduSoleil’s “ComplexeCirque” 161 IsabelleMahy 11 ALasVegasoftheNorth?TheArchitecturalBrutalism ofCirqueduSoleil 181 SimonHarel TranslatedbyMichelleWong Contents vii 12 TheChineseConnection:TheTransnationalOrigins ofQuébécoisCircusArts 202 TracyY.Zhang V AffectingChange 13 CreativityandPlaceintheEvolutionofaCulturalIndustry: TheCaseofCirqueduSoleil 223 DeborahLeslieandNormaM.Rantisi 14 IntroducingDecisionTrainingintoanEliteCircus ArtsTrainingProgram 240 SylvainLafortune,JonBurtt,andPatriceAubertin 15 SingularBodies,CollectiveDreams:SociallyEngagedCircus Artsandthe“QuebecSpring” 266 JenniferBethSpiegel Epilogue:CircusReinvested 284 LouisPatrickLeroux GlossaryofCircusTerms 294 Anna-KarynaBarlati TranslatedbySusanKelly Notes 309 References 327 Contributors 347 Index 353 This page intentionally left blank Illustrations and Tables Allphotosandillustrationsusedwithpermission. Illustrations i.1 GillesSte-Croixstilt-walking,1980.Photo:RichardGeoffrion, ©CirqueduSoleil xviii i.2 LaVie,withEmilieBonnavaudandSébastienSoldevila,Les7 doigtsdelamain(7Fingers).Photo:odc Photo xx i.3 GuyLaliberté,1981.Photo:CirqueduSoleil xxii i.4 “Lelivredessouhaits,”research-creationworkshopatl’Ecole nationaledecirque,2007.Photo:ValerieRemise xxvii i.5 FibonacciProjectinMexico,7Fingers.Photo:MarionBellin xxviii i.6 DanieleFinziPasca’sLaVerità,2013.Photo:VivianaCangialosi xxx 0.1 ID,CirqueÉloize.Photo:ValerieRemise.©2010TheatreTet Cie 2 0.2 Donka,CompagniaFinziPasca.Photo:VivianaCangialosi 6 0.3 CirqueduMondeinAbidjan,March2001.Photo:EricSt-Pierre. ©CirqueduSoleil 10 0.4 Appliedexamsatl’Écolenationaledecirque,2013.Photo: RolandLorente/rolandlorente.com 16 0.5 Contemporarycircuscoreresearchclusters.DiagrambyLouis PatrickLeroux 20 1.1 EarlyCirqueduSoleilbigtopintheGaspésieregion,1984. ©CirqueduSoleil 27