Circuit Theory and Transmission Lines

833 Pages·2016·19.634 MB·English

by  Ravish R. Singh

Circuit Theory
and
Transmission Lines
Second Edition
About the Author
Ravish R Singh is presently Academic Advisor at Thakur Educational Trust, Mumbai.
He obtained a BE degree from University of Mumbai in 1991, an MTech degree from
IIT Bombay in 2001, and a PhD degree from Faculty of Technology, University of
Mumbai, in 2013. He has published several books with McGraw Hill Education (India)
on varied subjects like Engineering Mathematics (I and II), Applied Mathematics,
Electrical Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, etc., for all-India
curricula as well as regional curricula of some universities like Gujarat Technological
University, Mumbai University, Pune University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University, Anna University, Uttarakhand Technical University, and Dr A P J Abdul
Kalam Technical University. Dr Singh is a member of IEEE, ISTE, and IETE, and has published research
papers in national and international journals. His fields of interest include Circuits, Signals and Systems, and
Engineering Mathematics.
Circuit Theory
and
Transmission Lines
Second Edition
Ravish R Singh
Academic Advisor
Thakur Educational Trust
Mumbai, Maharashtra
McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
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Circuit Theory and Transmission Lines, 2e
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Dedicatedto
My Father
Late Shri Ramsagar Singh
and
My Mother
Late Shrimati Premsheela Singh

Contents
Preface xiii
1. BASIC NETWORK CONCEPTS 1.1
1.1 Introduction 1.1
1.2 Resistance 1.1
1.3 Inductance 1.2
1.4 Capacitance 1.3
1.5 Sources 1.4
1.6 Some Definitions 1.6
1.7 Series and Parallel Combination of Resistors 1.7
1.8 Series and Parallel Combination of Inductors 1.9
1.9 Series and Parallel Combination of Capacitors 1.10
1.10 Star-Delta Transformation 1.10
1.11 Source Transformation 1.13
1.12 Source Shifting 1.19
Exercises 1.21
Objective-Type Questions 1.22
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 1.23
2. ELEMENTARY NETWORK THEOREMS 2.1
2.1 Introduction 2.1
2.2 Kirchhoff’s Laws 2.1
2.3 Mesh Analysis 2.2
2.4 Supermesh Analysis 2.17
2.5 Node Analysis 2.26
2.6 Supernode Analysis 2.46
Exercises 2.52
Objective-Type Questions 2.56
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 2.57
3. NETWORK THEOREMS (APPLICATION TO DC NETWORKS) 3.1
3.1 Introduction 3.1
3.2 Superposition Theorem 3.1
3.3 Thevenin’s Theorem 3.30
3.4 Norton’s Theorem 3.64
3.5 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 3.91
3.6 Millman’s Theorem 3.112
Exercises 3.117
Objective-Type Questions 3.122
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 3.123
viii Contents
4. COUPLED CIRCUITS 4.1
4.1 Introduction 4.1
4.2 Self-Inductance 4.1
4.3 Mutual Inductance 4.2
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4.4 Coefficient of Coupling (k) 4.2
4.5 Inductances in Series 4.3
4.6 Inductances in Parallel 4.4
4.7 Dot Convention 4.9
4.8 Coupled Circuits 4.15
4.9 Conductively Coupled Equivalent Circuits 4.37
4.10 Tuned Circuits 4.40
Exercises 4.47
Objective-Type Questions 4.49
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 4.50
5. RESONANCE 5.1
5.1 Introduction 5.1
5.2 Series Resonance 5.1
5.3 Parallel Resonance 5.18
5.4 Comparison of Series and Parallel Resonant Circuits 5.21
Exercises 5.38
Objective-Type Questions 5.39
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 5.40
6. TRANSIENT ANALYSIS 6.1
6.1 Introduction 6.1
6.2 Initial Conditions 6.1
6.3 Resistor–Inductor Circuit 6.27
6.4 Resistor–Capacitor Circuit 6.49
6.5 Resistor–Inductor–Capacitor Circuit 6.66
Exercises 6.79
Objective-Type Questions 6.82
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 6.85
7. LAPLACE TRANSFORMAND ITS APPLICATION 7.1
7.1 Introduction 7.1
7.2 Laplace Transformation 7.1
7.3 Laplace Transforms of Some Important Functions 7.2
7.4 Properties of Laplace Transform 7.4
7.5 Inverse Laplace Transform 7.7
7.6 The Transformed Circuit 7.12
7.7 Resistor–Inductor Circuit 7.13
7.8 Resistor–Capacitor Circuit 7.19
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7.9 Resistor–Inductor–Capacitor Circuit 7.25
7.10 Response of RL Circuit to Various Functions 7.31
7.11 Response of RC Circuit to Various Functions 7.39
Exercises 7.49
Objective-Type Questions 7.52
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 7.53
8. NETWORK FUNCTIONS 8.1
8.1 Introduction 8.1
8.2 Driving-Point Functions 8.1
8.3 Transfer Functions 8.2
8.4 Analysis of Ladder Networks 8.5
8.5 Analysis of Non-Ladder Networks 8.15
8.6 Poles and Zeros of Network Functions 8.20
8.7 Restrictions on Pole and Zero Locations for Driving-Point Functions [Common Factors in N(s)
and D(s) Cancelled] 8.21
8.8 Restrictions on Pole and Zero Locations for Transfer Functions [Common Factors in N(s) and
D(s) Cancelled] 8.21
8.9 Time-Domain Behaviour from the Pole-Zero Plot 8.39
8.10 Graphical Method for Determination of Residue 8.42
Exercises 8.50
Objective-Type Questions 8.53
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 8.55
9. NETWORK SYNTHESIS 9.1
9.1 Introduction 9.1
9.2 Hurwitz Polynomials 9.1
9.3 Positive Real Functions 9.16
9.4 Elementary Synthesis Concepts 9.24
9.5 Realisation of LC Functions 9.30
9.6 Realisation of RC Functions 9.47
9.7 Realisation of RL Functions 9.63
Exercises 9.72
Objective-Type Questions 9.74
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 9.76
10.TWO-PORT NETWORKS 10.1
10.1 Introduction 10.1
10.2 Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters (Z Parameters) 10.2
10.3 Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters (Y Parameters) 10.8
10.4 Transmission Parameters (ABCD Parameters) 10.18
10.5 Inverse Transmission Parameters (A�B�C�D� Parameters) 10.24
10.6 Hybrid Parameters (h Parameters) 10.28
10.7 Inverse Hybrid Parameters (g Parameters) 10.33
x Contents
10.8 Inter-relationships between the Parameters 10.37
10.9 Interconnection of Two-Port Networks 10.63
10.10 T-Network 10.79
10.11 Pi (� )-Network 10.79
� 10.12 Lattice Networks 10.84
10.13 Terminated Two-Port Networks 10.87
Exercises 10.97
Objective-Type Questions 10.100
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 10.103
11. FILTERSAND ATTENUATORS 11.1
11.1 Introduction 11.1
11.2 Classification of Filters 11.1
11.3 T-Network 11.1
11.4 � Network 11.4
11.5 Characteristic of Filters 11.6
11.6 Constant-k Low Pass Filter 11.7
11.7 Constant-k High-pass Filter 11.14
11.8 Band-pass Filter 11.18
11.9 Band-stop Filter 11.22
11.10 m-Derived Filters 11.25
11.11 m-Derived Low-Pass Filter 11.28
11.12 m-Derived High-Pass Filter 11.31
11.13 Terminating Half Sections 11.34
11.14 Composite Filter 11.37
11.15 Attenuator 11.40
11.16 Lattice Attenuator 11.41
11.17 T-Type Attenuator 11.42
11.18 �-Type Attenuator 11.45
11.19 Ladder-Type Attenuator 11.47
Exercises 11.48
Objective-Type Questions 11.49
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 11.50
12.TRANSMISSION LINES 12.1
12.1 Introduction 12.1
12.2 Types of Transmission Lines 12.1
12.3 Primary Constants of a Transmission Line 12.2
12.4 Equivalent Circuit Representation of Transmission Line 12.2
12.5 Secondary Constants of a Transmission Line 12.3
12.6 Infinite Line 12.10
12.7 Terminated Transmission Lines 12.11
12.8 General Solution of a Transmission Line 12.11
12.9 Reflection 12.15