Ciba Foundation Symposium - Myotatic, Kinesthetic and Vestibular Mechanisms

378 Pages·1967·17.231 MB·English

MYOTATIC, KINESTHETIC AND
VESTIBULAR MECHANISMS
Myotatic,
Kinesthetic
and
Vest ib uI a r
Mechanisms
Ciba Foundation Symposium
Edited by A.V. S. de Reuck
and Julie Knight
J. & A. CHURCHILL LIMITED
104 Gloucester Place, London W.l.
First Published 1967
Containing 169 illustrations
Catalogue Number 7000 1303 2
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
This book is protected under the Berne Convention. It may not be reproduced
by any means, in whole or in part, without permission. Application with regard to
reproduction should be addressed to the Publishers.
Printed in Great Britain
Contents
Page
0. Lowenstein Chairman’s introduction 1
Section I Yyotatic and kinesthetic mechanisms
D. Barker The innervationo f mammalians keletal muscle 3
Discussion Barker, Eldred, Hallpike, Jansen, Lowenstein, 15
Matthews, Roberts, Smith, Werdll
J. Jansen On the functional properties of stretch recep- 20
tors of mammalian skeletal muscles
Discussion Barker, Eldred, Jansen, Lowenstein, Matthews,
Pompeiano, Roberts, Wersiill
34
P. B. C. Matthews Vibration and the stretch reflex 40
Discussion Eldred, Lowenstein, Matthews, Monnier,
Roberts 50
Gardner Spinal cord and brain stem pathways for
E.
afferents from joints 56
Discussion Brodal, Eldred, Gardner, Jansen, Matthews,
Monnier, Pompeiano, Purdon Martin 76
6. H. Begbie Some problems of postural sway 80
Discussion Role of the vestibular system in the control of
posture and movement in man 92
Experimental study of the control of posture
in man 96
Vestibular control of muscle reflexes 101
Begbie, Bosher, Brodal, Eldred, Gardner, Groen,
Henriksson, Lowenstein, Lundquist, Monnier,
Philipszoon, Purdon Martin, Roberfs, Wersill
Section II Vestibular mechanisms :f ine structure
J. Wersiill Ultrastructure of the vestibular end organs 105
1. Gleisner
P.-6. Lundquist
V
vi CONTENTS
Discussion Barker, Dohlman, Friedmann, Lowenstein,
Lundquist, Monnier, Smith, Wersall 116
0. Lowenstein Functional aspects vestibular structure 121
of
Discussion Morphological aspects stimulus transduc-
of
tion 128
Chemical or electrical transmission: theoret-
ical aspects 133
Dohlman, Eldred, Fridmann, Hallpike, Henrik-
sson, Lowenstein, Lundquist, Matthews,
Roberts, Smith, WersitN
G. F. Dohlman Excretion and absorption of endolymph in the 138
vestibular apparatus
Discussion Dohlman, Friedmann, Henriksson, Lowenstein,
Lundquist, Smith, Wersall 143
Section 111 Vestibular mechanisms: nervous pathways
A. Brodal Anatomical organization cerebello-ves-
of
tibulo-spinal pathways 148
Discussion Brodal, Gardner, Gernandt, Lowenstein,
Pompeiano, Wersall 166
B. Gernandt Vestibular influence upon spinal reflex
E.
activity 170
Discussion Vestibular and central influences on skeleto-
motor and fusimotor activity 183
Central regulation of the muscular and ves-
tibular mechanisms in man 191
Vertigo cervical origin 19 5
of
Central regulation vestibular responses 198
of
Brodal, Dohlman, Gernandt, Groen, Hallpike,
Henriksson, Jansen, Lowenstein, Monnier,
Philipszoon, Pompeiano, Purdon Martin,
Roberts
M. Monnier Central mechanisms vestibular and opto-
of
kinetic nystagmus !mi
Discussion Brodal, Gernandt, Henriksson, Hood, Monnier,
Wersiill 21 3
CONTENTS vii
Section IV Vestibular mechanisms: clinical aspects
N. G. Henriksson New techniques of otoneurological diagnosis:
A. Lundgren 1. Analysis of eye movements 21 9
K. Lundgren
A. Nilsson
N. 6.H enriksson New techniques of otoneurological diagnosis:
G. J,ohansson II: Vestibulo-spinal and postural patterns
H. bstlund 231
Discussion Begbie, Dohlman, Eldred, Gernandt, Groen,
Hallpike, Henriksson, Hood, Lowenstein,
Ormerod, Pompeiano, Roberts 237
J. D. Hood Recent advances in the electronystagmo-
graphic investigation of vestibular and other
disorders of ocular movement 252
Discussion Dix, GrOen, Hallpike, Henriksson, Hood,
Monnier, Roberts 204
A. J. Philipszoon On the direction of spontaneous and posi-
J. H. Bos tional nystagmus 270
Discussion Hallpike, Lowenstein, Monnier, Philipszoon,
Roberts 283
C. S. Hallpike Observations on the structural basis of two
rare varieties of hereditary deafness 285
Discussion Bosher, Eldred, Friedmann, Gardner, Hallpike,
Henriksson, Lowenstein, Lundquist, Monnier,
Smith, Wersall 289
S. K. Bosher Disturbance of water and electrolyte balance:
some further reflections on its possible role in
the causation of MBniBre's disease 295
Discussion Bosher, Friedmann, Hallpike, Lowenstein, Lund-
quist, Smith, Wersall 31 2
General discussion Brodal, Dohlman, Gernandt,G roen,H enriksson,
Jansen, Lowenstein, Pompeiano, WersSll 31 5
0. Lowenstein Chairman's closing remarks
32!2
Membership
Symposium on Myotatic, Kinesthetic and Vestibular Mechan-
isms, held 27th-29th September, 1966
0. E. Lowenstein (Chairman)
Department of Zoology and Comparative Physiology, Birmingham
University
D. Barker
Department of Zoology, University of Durham
6. H. Begbie
Department of Physiology, University of Edinburgh
S. K. Bosher
Ferens Institute of Otolaryngology, Middlesex Hospital, London
A. Brodal
Anatomical institute, University of Oslo, Norway
Margaret Dix
M.R.C. Otological Research Unit, The National Hospital, London
6. Dohlman
F.
Department of Oto-Laryngology, University of Toronto, Canada
E. Eldred
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California,
Los Angeles
1. Friedmann
Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London
Gardner
E.
School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
B. E. Gernandt
US. Naval Aerospace Medical Institute, U.S. Naval Aviation Medical
Center, Pensacola, Florida
J. J. Groen
Universiteitskliniek voor Keel-, Neus- en Oorzeekten, Stichting Acad-
emisch Ziekenhuis Utrecht, Holland
Viii
MEMBERSHIP ix
C. S. Hallpike
Ferens Institute of Otolaryngology, Middlesex Hospital, London
N. 0. Henriksson
Oronkliniken, Lasarettet i Lund, Sweden
J. D. Hood
M.R.C. Otological Research Unit, The National Hospital, London
J. Jansen
Neurophysiological Laboratory, Anatomical Institute, University of
Oslo, Norway
P.-0. Lundquist
Department of Otolaryngology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm,
Sweden
P. B. C. Matthews
University Laboratory of Physiology, Oxford
M. Monnier
Physiologisches lnstitut der Universitdt, Basel, Switzerland
F. C. Ormerod*
98 Belsize Park Gardens, London
A. J. Philipszoon
E.N.T. Department, Wilhelmina Gasthuis, Amsterdam, Holland
0. Pompeiano
lstituto di Fisiologia, Universita di Pisa, Italy
J. Purdon Martin
The National Hospital, London
T. D. M. Roberts
Institute of Physiology, University of Glasgow
Catherine A. Smith
Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University, St. LOUIS,
Missouri
J. Wersall
Department of Otolaryngology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm,
Sweden
*
Deceased
The Ciba Foundation
The Ciba Foundation was opened in 1949 to promote
international cooperation in medical and chemical re-
search among scientists from all parts of the world. Its
house at 41 Portland Place, London, has become a meeting
place well known to workers in many fields of science. Every
year the Foundation organizes from six to ten three-day symposia
and three or four one-day study groups, all ofwhich are published
in book form. Many other informal meetings also take place in
the house, organized either by the Foundation or by other
scientific groups needing a place to meet. addition, bedrooms
In
are available for visiting scientists, whether or not they are
attending a meeting in the budding.
The Ciba Foundation owes its existence to the generosity of
CIBA Ltd, Basle, who, realizing the disruption of scientific
communication caused by the war and by problems of distance,
decided to set up a philanthropic institution whose aim would
be to overcome such barriers. London was chosen as its site for
reasons dictated by the special advantages of English charitable
trust law, as well as those of language and geography.
The Foundation’s many activities are controlled by a small
group of distinguished trustees. Within the general framework
of biological science, interpreted in its broadest sense, these
activities are well summed up by the Ciba Foundation’s motto,
Consocient gentes-let the nations come together.
X
Preface
is the thud in a series of symposia designed to cover the
This
various areas of sensory function, the previous volumes having
been “Colour Vision” and “Touch, Heat and Pain”. The entire
series has been planned by the Deputy Director of the Ciba
Foundation in conjunction with Professor Otto Lowenstein,w hose
involvement in the present symposium was, however, more than
usually close, for his own work has been primarily in the area of
vestibular function. The Foundation is particularly grateful to
Professor Lowenstein for his valuable work in the planning of the
symposium and for his lively chairmanship of the meeting itself.
Illness unfortunately prevented the participation of Sir Terence
Cawthorne, of The National Hospital, London, but we were
glad to welcome Dr. Margaret Dix in place.
hs
We were sad to learn, during the preparation of these pro-
ceedings for publication, of the death of a member of the sym-
posium-Professor F. C. Ormerod, former Director of Research
at the Institute of Laryngology and Otology and previously
professor in these subjects in the University of London.
xi