Ciba Foundation Symposium - Internal Secretions of the Pancreas (Colloquia on Endocrinology), Volume 9

319 Pages·1956·12.407 MB·English

CIBA FOUNDATION COLLOQUIA
ON ENDOCRINOLOGY
Vol. 9 Internal Secretions of the Pancreas
A leaflet giving details of available earlier volumes in this series,
andalso of the Ciba Foundation General Symposia and Colloquia
on Ageing, is available from the Publishers.
CIBA FOUNDATION COLLOQUIA
ON ENDOCRINOLOGY
VOLUME 9
Internal Secretions of the Pancreas
Editors for :he Ciba Foundation
G. E. W. WOLSTENHOLME,
O.B.E., M.A., M.B., B.Ch.
and
M.
CECILIA O’CONNOR,
B.Sc.
With
100 Illustrations
LONDON
J. & A. CHURCHILL LTD.
104 GLOUCESTER PLACE, W.1
1956
THE CIBA FOUNDATION
for the Promofion of International Co-operationi n Medical and Chemical Research
PORTLANPDLA CEL,O NDONW, .l.
41
Trustees:
THE RIGHTH ON. LORDA DRIAN, O.M., F.R.S.
THE RIGHT HON.L ORDB EVERIDGKE.,C .B., F.B.A.
THEH ON. SIR GEORGEL LOYD-JACOB
MR. RAYMONNDE EDHAM, Q.C.
Director, and Secretay to the Emcutive Council:
DR. G. E. W. WOLSTENHOLMEO, .B.E.
Assistant to the Director:
DR. H. N. H. GENESE
Assistant Secretary:
MISS N.
BLAND
Librarian:
MISS JOANET HERINGTON
Editorial Assistants:
MISS C. M. O'CONNOR, B.Sc.
MISS C. P. MILLAR, A.H.W.C.
E.
RIGHTSR ESERVED
ALL
This book may not be reproduced by
any meam, in wlwk or in part, wiua-
out the pembsion of the Publishers
Printed in Great Britain
PREFACE
BETWEENJa nuary and July 1955 the Ciba Foundation
1950
has organized and held on its premises in London, 36 small,
international conferences. In the early days the majority of
these were on subjects within the field of endocrinology,
partly because the Director was a novice in his task and it was
easier to concentrate his efforts within fairly well-defined
limits, and partly because research on hormones entered
almost every other field of biological activity and so afforded
an opportunity for the Foundation’s promotion of co-opera-
tion, not only internationally, but also, and of at least equal
importance, between workers in different disciplines.
The range of the Foundation’s conferences has spread much
further in recent years, but at least one opportunity is found
each year to maintain our interest in endocrinological research.
A colloquium on Hormonal factors in carbohydrate meta-
“
bolism ”, held in had defined many unsolved problems
1952,
and left an impression of advances being made to some
purpose in this field. The Director therefore readily agreed to
Prof. Young’s suggestion, partly stimulated by Prof. de Duve,
for a follow-up colloquium on The nature and actions of the
“ ”.
internal secretions of the pancreas Both in the arrangements
for the meeting and for his chairmanship of the proceedings,
the Director is happy to acknowledge his real debt to Prof.
Young.
To those to whom this book serves as an introduction to the
activities of the Ciba Foundation it should be explained that it
is an international centre, which is established as an educa-
tional and scientific charity under the laws of England. It
owes its inception and support to its founder, CIBA Ltd., of
Switzerland, but is administered independently and exclu-
sively by its distinguished British Trustees.
The Foundation provides accommodation for scientific
V
vi
PREFACE
workers who visit London from abroad, organizes and holds
international conferences, conducts (in conjunction with the
Institut National d’HygiAne) a post-graduate medical ex-
change scheme between England and France, arranges
informal meetings for discussions, awards an annual lecture-
ship, has initiated a scheme to encourage basic research
relevant to the problems of ageing, assists international con-
gresses and scientific societies, is building up a library service
in special fields, and generally endeavours to give aid in all
matters that may promote international co-operation in
scientific research.
Leading research workers from different countries and in
different disciplines are invited to attend the symposia or
colloquia. The size of the group is, however, very strictly
limited in order to obtain a free conversational manner of
discussion-although the basic time-table of the programme is
strictly observed. The smallness of the groups means the
exclusion of many workers active and interested in the sub-
jects discussed, and therefore the proceedings of these confer-
ences are published and made available throughout the world.
It is hoped that the papers and discussions in this book will
prove not only informative and stimulating, but will also give
to readers a sense of participation in an informal and friendly
occasion.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Chairman’s opening .re marks
F.G.YouNG
1
Morphological studies of the destruction of a-cells by
chemical means
.
@H.FERNER 2
Disczcssion: BEST, CAVALLEROFE, RNERF,o k, GOLDNERV,O N
.
HOLT,M OSCAS, UTHERLANYDO, UNG 7
Metabolic effects of a-cell destruction
by C. v. HOLT,L INDEv . NOLT,B ARBARKAR ONERa nd
. .
J. KUHNAU 14
c.
Discussion: REHRENSB, EST, F. CORI,D E DUVE,F ERNER,
FOX, GOLDNER,V ON HOLT,K ERLY,L AWRENCME,O SCA,
. .
RANDLES, CHULZEY,O UNG 26
Pituitary growth hormone and blood insulin activity
. .
by P. J. RANDLE
35
Discussion: REST, R.-CANDELAG,. CORI, Pok, LAWRENCE,
.
PARKR, ANDLEW, AUGIIY, OUNG
51
The control of the secretory activity of the islets of
Langerhans
. .
by P. P. FoA 55
Discussion: BEST,G . CORI, DE DUVE.F oh, VON HOLTM, OSCA,
. .
RANDLEY, OUNG 72
The effects of hypophysectomy and of prolonged growth
hormone administrationo n the pancreatic a-cells of the rat
. .
by M. G. GOLDNERa nd B. W. VOLK 75
Discussion: BEHRENSB, EST, R.-CANDELAD, ESAULLESD,E
DUVE, FERNER,F oA, GOLDNERV, ON HOLT, MOSCA,
.
SUTHERLANYDO, UNG 85
Fractionation of
insulin . .
by E. FREDERICQ 80
Discussion: BEHRENSC, RAIGF, REDERICQH,O DGKINS,A NGER,
.
WAUGHY, OUNG
108
vii
viii
CONTENTS
PAGE
The chemical structure of insulin
. .
@F.SANGER
. 110
Discussion: CRAIGF, REDERICPQOR, TERS, ANGERW, AUGII
119
A concept of the three-dimensional structure of insulin
. .
hy D. F. WAUGIX
122
A speculation insulin
on
bg DOROTHCYR OWFOOHT ODGKINan d BERYLO UGHTON
133
Discussion: BEHRENSB, EST, C. F. CORI, G. CORI, CRAIG,
FREDERICHQO, DGKIN,V ON HOLT, LENS, PORTER,
. .
SANGERS,U TIIERLANWD,A UGH
141
Insulin and glucagon
.
by W. SCHULZE
147
Discussion: BEHRENSB, EST, C. F. CORI,G . COR. I,D E DUVE. ,
FERNERF, oA, GOLDNERS,C IIULZEY,O UNG
163
Chemical and biological characteristics of glucagon
by 0.K . B.E HRENSA, . STAUBM, ARYA . ROOTa nd W. W..
BROMER
167
Discussion: BEST, BEHRENSR, .-CANDELAD,E DUVE, FoA,
GOLDNER, .V ON HOLT,R ANDLES, CHULZE, SUTHERLAND.,
YOUNG
174
The action of glucagon liver phosphorylase
on .
by E. W. SUTHERLANWD., D. WOSILAIaTn d W. RALL
T. 179
niscussion: C. .F . CORI, G. CORI, DE DUVE,S UTHERLA.N D,
YOUNG
191
Inhibitory effect of glucagon the insulin glucose uptake
on
of the isolated diaphragm of the rat
. .
by J. L. R.-CANDELAan d R. R.-CANDELA
194
Discussion: BEHRENSR, XANDELAC, . F. CORI, G. CORI, DE
.
DUVE,F oA, PARKR,A NDLES, UTHERLANYDO, UNG
198
The hepatic action of insulin
. .
byC.mDuVE
203
Discussion: BEST, C. F. CORI, G. CORI, DE DUVE,K ERLY. ,
LAWRENCREA, NDLE, SCHULZE, SUTHERLAND, YOUNG 223
Some problems of permeability of tissue cells to sugars
.
by E. HELMREICaHn d C. F. CORI.
227
CONTENTS ix
PACE
The transport of glucose and other sugars across cell
membranes and the effect of
insulin
b.y C. R. PARKR, . L. POSTC, . F. KALMAN,J . .H . WRIGHT,
JR., L. H. JOHNSOaNn d H. E. MORGAN . 2 4 Q
Discussion: R.-C. ANDELA, C. F. CORI, PARKR, OSS,SC HUL.Z E,
YOUNG 260
Pancreatic islets and growth
. .
by C. CAVALLERO 266
Discussion: BEHRENSB, ESTC, AVALLEBO,G . CORI,D ESAULLES,
.
F’ERNER, GOLDNEB, RANDLES, UTHERLANYDO, UNG 280
Chairman’s closing r.e marks .
F.G.Yoma 285
List of those participating in or attending the Colloquium on
“The Nature and Actions of the Internal Secretions
of the Pancreas,”
21st-23rd June 1955
.
0. K. BEHRENS The Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis,
Indiana
C. H. BEST. . Dept. of Physiology, University of Toronto
J. L. R.-CANDELA Inst. of Metabolism and Nutrition, Madrid
.
C. CAVALLERO Inst. of Pathological Anatomy and Histology,
University of Pavia
C. F. CORI . Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Washington
University School of Medicine, Saint Louis,
Missouri
GERTYC ORI Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Washington
University School of Medicine, Saint
Louis,
Missouri
L. C. CRAIG . The Rockefeller Inst. for Medical Research,
New York
P. A. DEE~AULLES Biological Dept., CIBA, Bade
.
C.DEDUVE Dept. of Physiological Chemistry, University
of Louvain
.
H.FERNER Dept. of Anatomy, University of Hamburg
.
P. P. Foi Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, The
Chicago Medical School, Chicago
12
FREDERICQ Inst. of Physical Chemistry, University of
E.
Lihge
M. G. GOLDNER Isaac Albert Research Inst. of the Jewish
Chronic Disease Hospital, Brooklyn, New
York
DOROTHCYR OW.F OIT O Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Uni-
HODGKIN versity of Oxford
.
C. VONHOLT Dept. of Physiological Chemistry, University
of Hamburg
MAEGAEET KERLY Dept. of Biochemistry, University College,
London
. .
R. D. LAWBENCE College Hospital, London
. . King’s
J.LENS Organon Laboratories, Oss, Holland
L. MOSCA Inst. Pathological Anatomy, University of
of
M h
.
C. R. Paa~ Dept. of Physiology, Vanderbilt University
School Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
of
xi