Ciba Foundation Symposium - Caries-Resistant Teeth

358 Pages·1965·6.433 MB·English

CARIES-RESISTANT
TEETH
Ciba Foundation Symposia
General Volumes
- - - - -
MarnmalianGermCells 30s.
Preservation and Transplantation of Normal
Tissues - - - - - - - - 25s.
LeukaemiiResearch - - - - - - 30s.
Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines - - - 42s.
- - - -
Extrasensory Perception 27s.M.
- - - -
BoneStructureand Metabolism 45s.
Ionizing Radiations and Cell Metabolism - - 45s.
Chemistry and Biology of Purines - - - 48s.
Drug Resistance in Microorganisms - - - 50s.
TheCerebrospinal Fluid - - - - - 50s.
AmAicntoiv iAtyc ids- and- Pep-ti des- w ith- Ant-im eta-b olic- is.
- - -
Medical Biology and Etruscan Origins 45s.
- - -
Biosynthesis of Terpenes and Sterols 45s.
- - -
Biochemistry of Human Genetics 50s.
- -
Significant Trends in Medical Research 50s.
Haemopoiesis: Cell Production and its Regulation 60s.
Quinones in ElectronTransport - - - - 60s.
TheNatureofSleep - - - - - - 50s.
- -
Somatic Stability in the Newly Born - 50s.
Renal Biopsy - - - - - - - 60s.
- - -
Tumour Viruses of Murine Origin 60s.
The Exocrine Pancreas: Normal and Abnormal
Functions - - - - - - - - 55s.
Transplantation - - - - - - - 56s.
Bilharziasis - - - - - - - -60s.
Manand hisFuture - - - - - - 25s.
- - - - - - -
Lysosomes 60s.
DisordersofLanguage - - - - - - !as.
- - -
Animal Behaviour and Drug Action 65s.
Cellular Injury - - - - - - - 60s.
Control of Glycogen Metabolism - - - - 60s.
Cellular Biology of Myxovirus Infections - - 60s.
- - - - - -
Cardiomyopathies 60s.
Complement - - - - - - -
A leaflet giving details of the Ciba Foundation Colloquia on
Endocrinology, Colloquia on Ageing and Study Group volumes is
available from the Publishers
Ciba Foundation CAR1 ES-
Sy mposi urn
R ES IS TA NT
TEETH
Edited by G. E. W. WOLSTENHOLME, o.B.E.,
F.R.C.P., F.I. Biol.
and
MAEVE O’CONNOR, B.A.
With 43 illustrations
J. & A. CHURCHILL, LTD.
104 GLOUCESTER PLACE
1965 LOND ON, W.l
ALLRx~Rl!.QulvmD
This book is protected under the &mc Convention.
It may not be rrproduccd by any means, in whole
or in part, w i t hp ermission. Application with
regard to reproduction should be addressed to the
Mliduls.
prinlcd in Gmd Britain
THEC iba Foundation, a unique international institution, owes
its inception to the generosity of CIBA Limited, Basle. However,
being established under British trust law, it enjoys complete
independence in practice and policy.
Under the guidance of its distinguished Trustees, the Founda-
tion offers accommodation to scientists from all over the world
at its home in Portland Place. Foremost in its activities is the
organization of small conferences, the proceedings of which are
published in book form in the manner of the present volume.
The Foundation convenes many other informal discussions
between research workers of different hiplines and different
nationalities and each year invites an outstanding authority to
deliver a special lecture. An exchange programme between
French and British postgraduates is conducted and a library
service is available. Furthermore, the Ciba Foundation attempts
in every other way possible to aid scientists, whether they be
Nobel Laureates or young graduates makmg their frrst original
contribution to research.
The purpose of the Ciba Foundation, which is to promote
international co-operation in medical and chemical research, is
symbolized in the armorial bearings by five interlaced rings
representing the continents, a black sadcial cock (emblem of
Aesculapius) holding a medical caduceus, and three regular
hexagons for chemistry. Its domicile in London is indicated by
the red sword of St. Paul and the British lion; the wyvern and
the crozier, symbols associated with Basle, refer to the sponsoring
firm located in this ancient Swiss town.
V
The Ciba Foundation
for the Promotion of International Co-operation in Medico1 and Chemicol Research
41 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, W.1
Trustees The Rt. Hon. Lord Brain, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.
The Rt. Hon. Lord Florey. P.R.S.
The Hon. Sir George Lloyd-Jacob
The Rt. Hon. Lord Todd, F.R.S.
Executive Lord Brain, Chairman
Council Dr. F. Gross
Professor A. Haddow, F.R.S.
Sir Arthur Vere Harvey, C.B.E., M.P.
Sir George Lloyd-Jacob
Professor F. G. Young, F.R.S.
Director
& Secretary
to the Executive
Council Dr. G. E. W. Wolstenholme, O.B.E., F.R.C.P.
peputr
Director Mr. A. V. S. de Reuck, MSc.
Assistant
Secretary Miss Nadia Bland
Medical
Assistant Miss Ruth Porter, M.R.C.P.
Editorial Miss Maeve OConnor, B.A.
Assistants Miss Julie Knight, B.A.
Conference
Assistant Mn. Nancy G. Spufford
Librarian Mn. Margarete Silverman
IT is some six years since Professor M. A. Rushton first suggested
that one of the Ciba Foundation’s small international conferences
might usefully provide an opportunity for thorough discussion of
the problems of dental caries. At that time, however, the Founda-
tion was already engaged in a heavy programme and the Director
reluctantly decided that no such meeting could be included.
Nevertheless, the idea stayed in mind and a few years later was
stimulated afresh by a visit to the Foundation of Sir John Walsh of
New Zealand. In the interval a considerable number of meetings
on caries had been held elsewhere, and it was on the welcome
advice of Professor Bertram Cohen that the particular subject of
Caries-Resistant Teeth” was chosen for discussion at the Founda-
“
tion.
Professor Cohen and Professor Geoffrey Slack provided a
wealth of information about research in this field, into which the
Foundation was venturing for the first time, and we are greatly
indebted to them both. Professor R. F. Sognnaes came from
California to provide us with an outstanding example of chairman-
ship, invariably courteous but firm in shepherdmg the discussions
along profitable hes, whdst his command of an elegant English
was the envy of the native-born islanders present.
To these people, and to all the members of the symposium, the
Ciba Foundation offers its warm appreciation. It is hoped that for
them this book d revive pleasant memories and refresh and
re-energize their investigations. For the far more numerous
readers who could not be included in this small and comparatively
informal symposium, we hope the book d provide a palatable
form of encouragement to their work on this subject.
Vii
Contents
Page
. . . .
R F. Sognnaes Chairman’sopeningremarks I
G. N. Davies The significance of epidemiolo.gical. studi.es in.
relationtocariesresistance 7
Discussion Backer Dirks, Bowen, Brudevold, Cohen, Darling, Davies,
von der Fehr, Frank. Hardwick. Holloway, Jenkins.
. . . .
Pautard, Scheinin, Slack, Sognnaes 32
. .
S. B. Finn Heredity in relation to caries resistance 41
Discussion Armstrong. Backer Dirks, Bowen, Darling, Davies, Finn..
Hollway, Leung. Pautord, Poole. Rushton, Sognnaes 60
0. Backer Dirks The distribution of ca.ries r.esist.ance .in re.lation.
totoothsurfaces 66
Dlscussion Backer Dirks, Cohe.n. Dar.ling, D.avies., Hard.wick,. Konig..
Leung, Sagnnaes 83
.
K. G. K6nig Caries resistance in experimental animals 87
Discustion Backer Dirks. Bowen. Cohen, Darling, Ericsson, H.a rtles.,
Hollway, Jenkins. Kiinig. Poole, Slack. Sognnaes 106
General Discussion Bowen, Brudevold, Cohen, Darling. Davies, Ericsson.
Frank, Hardwick, .Hartl.es, L.eung, .Sche.inin. .Slack..
Snyder, Sognnaes I I4
F. Brudevold Caries resistance as related to the chemistry of
. . . . . . .
H. G. McCann the enamel 121
P. Grsn
Dlscussion Backer Dirks, Brudevold, Darling, Ericsson, Hartles,
Hollway, Jenkins. Konig, Leung, Pautard, Scheinin,
. . . . . . . .
Sognnaes 141
.
A. 1. Darling The physical features of caries-resistant teeth I 49
Discussion Armstrong. Backer Dirks, Bowen, Boyde, Brudevold.
Cohen. Darling, von der Fehr. Hardwick, Jenkins,
. . . .
Pautord. Poole. Scheinin, Sognnaes 161
.
R. M. Frank The ultrastructure of caries-resistantt eeth I69
Discussion Boyde. Darling, Frank, Hardwick, Pautard, Poole,
. . . . . . . .
Sagnnaes 184
G. N. Jenkins The equilibrium between plaque and enamel in
. . . .
relationtocaries resistance 192
.
Discussion Backer Dirks, Davies, Ericsson, Jenkins, Leung, Slack 210
ix
X CONTENTS
Page
General Discussion Backer Dirks, Brudevold, Darling, Frank, Hardwick,
Hurtles, Holloway, Jenkins, Pautard, Poole, Scheinin.
. . . . . . .
Snyder, Sognnaes 2 I4
. . .
J. L. Hardwick Dental caries and trace elements 222
Discussion Bowen. Brudevold, Davies, Ericsson, Hardwick, Hurtles,
Hollowoy, Konig. Leung, Snyder, Sognnaes . . 237
. .
M. L. Snyder The bacteriology of caries resistance 242
Discussion Backer Dirks, Bowen, Brudevold, Cohen, Slack, Snyder,
. . . . . . . .
Sognnoes 261
S. W. Leung The r61e of saliva in caries resistance . . 266
Discussion Armstrong, Backer Dirks, Boyde, Darling, Ericsson, von
.
der Fehr. Hardwick, Leung, Pautard, Poole, Sognnaes 283
R. L. Hartles Dietary and environmental factors influencing
. . . . . .
cariesresistance 289
Discussion Armstrong. Backer Dirks, Bowen, Brudevold, Darling.
Dovies, Ericsson, von der Fehr, Hardwick, Hortles,
Kiinig, Poutord, Poole, Slack, Snyder, Sagnnoes . . 302
Group Discussion Armstrong, Backer Dirks, Boyde. Brudevold, Cohen.
Darling. Davies, yon der Fehr. Finn, Frank, Holloway,
. . .
Konig, Pautard, Scheinin, Slack, Sognnaes 3 I 3
. . . .
R. F. Sognnaes Chairman’sclosingremarks 325
. . . . . . . . .
Author index .329
. . . . . . . . .
Subject index .331
Membership
Symposium on Caries-Resistant Teeth held 23rd-25th June, 1964
W. G. Armstrong Dept. of Biochemistry, Royal Dental Hospital, London
0. Backer Dirks Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Utrecht
.
W.H.Bowen Dept. of Dental Science, Royal College of Surgeons of
England, London
A.Boyde . . Dept. of Anatomy, The London Hospital Medical
College, London
F. Brudevold . Forsyth Dental Infirmary, Harvard School of Dental
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
. .
B.Cohen Dept. of Dental Science. Royal College of Surgeons of
England, London
.
A. 1. Darling University of Bristol Dental School. Bristol
G. N. Davies . University of Queensland Dental College, Brisbane
.
Y.Ericsson Royal School of Dentistry, Stockholm
F. R von der Fehr Dental Faculty, University of Oslo
. .
S.B.Finn Dept. of Pedodontics, The University of Alabama
Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
.
R.M.Fnnk lnstitut Dentaire, Facult6 de MCdecine. Stnsbourg
.
J. L. Hardwick Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Turner Dental School.
University of Manchester
R. L. Hartles . Dept. of Dental Science, School of Dental Surgery, The
University of Liverpool
.
P. J. Holloway Dept. of Preventive Dentistry. Turner Dental School.
University of Manchester
.
G. N. Jenkins Sutherland Dental School, The University of Newca.de
upon Tyne
.
K.G.Khig Zahnhrztliches lnstitut der Universitiit Zurich
.
S.W.Leung Faculty of Dentistry. The University of British
Columbia,Vancouver
.
F. G. E. Pautard Astbury Department of Biophysics, The University,
Leeds
.
D.F.G.Poole M.R.C. Dental Research Unit, University of Bristol
Dental School, Bristol
xi