Ciba Foundation Symposium - Bilharziasis

455 Pages·1962·8.05 MB·English

BILHARZIASIS
Ciba Foundation Symposia
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A leaflet giving details of the Ciba Foundation Colloquia on
Endocrinology, Colloquia on Ageing and Study Group volumes is
available from the Publishers
Theodor Maxirnilian Bilharz, 1825-1862
Reproduced by kind permission of
Frl. Morgorethe Bilhorz
Ciba Foundation BILHARZIASIS
Symposium
Held in Theodor Maximilian
Commemoration of BILHARZ
Edited by G. E. W. WOLSTENHOLME, O.B.E.
M.A., M.B., M.R.C.P.
and
MAEVE O’CONNOR, B.A.
With 46 illustrations
J. & A. CHURCHILL LTD.
104 GLOUCESTER PLACE
LONDON, W.1.
1962
ALL RIGHTSR ESERVED
This book is protected under the Berne Convention.
It may not be reproduced by any means, in whole
or in part, without permission. Application with
regard to reproduction should be addressed to the
Publishers.
Printed in Great Britain
THEC iba Foundation, a unique international institution, owes
its inception to the generosity of CIBA Limited, Basle. However,
being established under British trust law, it enjoys complete
independence in practice and policy.
Under the guidance of its distinguished Trustees, the Founda-
tion offers accommodation to scientists from all over the world
at its home in Portland Place. Foremost in its activities is the
organization of small conferences, the proceedings of which are
published in book form in the manner of the present volume.
The Foundation convenes many other informal discussions
between research workers of different disciplines and different
nationalities and each year invites an outstanding authority to
deliver a special lecture. An exchange programme between
French and British postgraduates is conducted and a library
service is available. Furthermore, the Ciba Foundation attempts
as far as it can to aid individual scientists, whether they be
Nobel Laureates or young graduates making their first original
contribution to research.
The purpose of the Ciba Foundation, which is to promote
international co-operation in medical and chemical research, is
symbolized in the armorial bearings by five interlaced rings
representing the continents, a black sacrificial cock (emblem of
Aesculapius) holding a medical caduceus, and three regular
hexagons for chemistry. Its domicile in London is indicated by
the red sword of St. Paul and the British lion; the wyvern and
the crozier, symbols associated with Basle, refer to the sponsoring
firm located in ths ancient Swiss town.
..
The Ciba Foundation
for the Promotion of International Co-operation in Medical and Chemical Research
41 Portland Place, London, W.l
Trustees The Rt. Hon, Lord Adrian, O.M., F.R.S.
The Rt. Hon, Lord Beveridge. K.C.B., F.B.A.
The Rt. Hon, Lord Brain, LL.D., D.C.L.
The Hon. Sir George Lloyd-Jacob
Sir Raymond Needham, Q.C., F.S.A.
Executive Lord Brain, Chairman
Council Dr. F. Gross
Professor A. Haddow, F.R.S.
Sir Arthur Vere Harvey, C.B.E., M.P.
Sir George Lloyd-Jacob
Professor F. G. Young, F.R.S.
Director
81 Secretary
to the Executive
Council Dr. G. E. W, Wolstenholme, O.B.E.
Deputy
Director Mr. A. V. S. de Reuck, M.Sc.
Assistant
Secretary Miss Nadia Bland
Scientific
Assistant
& Librarian Miss M. P. Cameron, M.A.
Editorial Miss Maeve OConnor. B.A.
Assistants Miss Julie Knight, B.A.
Conference
Assistant Mrs. Nancy G. Spufford
WHILEth e Ciba Foundation’s house in London was closed for
reconstruction between August 1961 and November 1962, the
opportunity was taken to hold several conferences elsewhere in
London and overseas. In all the multitude of subjects discussed
under the auspices of the Ciba Foundation since 1949, little or no
attention had been paid to tropical or parasitic diseases. Bilhar-
ziasis was obviously a world-wide problem calling for inter-
national co-operation in medical research, as had been fdy
recognized by the World Health Organization, and its con-
sequences and implications were probably most serious in the
United Arab Republic. Egypt offered a convenient meeting
place for East and West, and the Director’s proposal for a small
international conference there met with an immediate welcome
and the utmost co-operation from Government, academic and
professional circles. Active research workers in many countries
ready accepted invitations to join a small group in Cairo for
thorough discussion of modern aspects of research on bilharziasis,
and the spirit of collaboration in the event must be evident to
any reader of this volume of the proceedings.
The promise of immediate responsiveness by United Arab
Republic representatives was more than fulfilled at the time of the
symposium. The official patronage, splendid hospitality and
personal interest of H. E. Dr. Mohamed El-Nabawy El-Mohan-
des, Minister of Public Health, and of the Under Secretary of
State, Dr. Hussein Betash; the fraternal cordiality and practical
assistance of the Egyptian Medical Association, mady in the
persons of its President, Professor Soliman Azmy, and its Secre-
tary, Professor Aly Hussein Shaaban; the powerful support and
friendliness of Professor A. El Mofty; the diligent and devoted
attention to our detailed requirements by members of the host
Vii
...
vll1 PREFACE
committee and especially by the late Dr. G. Hanna, Dr. Atia G.
Choucry, and Dr. Salah Shabander; the admirable and willing
service provided by the manager of Mena House Hotel and his
staff; the friendly warmth of all members from Cairo and
Alexandria and their colleagues towards those coming from other
countries; all these and much else, including the lovely climate
and the superb inspiration of ancient Egypt, contributed to the
relaxed purposefulness of the discussions. The factor of most
far-reaching significance was, however, the wise and efficient
organization of our Chairman, Professor Ahmed Hafez Mousa,
and his warm-hearted, knowledgeable and productive direction
of the conference.
In the preliminary stages in England, Dr. Christopher Wright
provided much useful information, and it is a pleasure to record
here our warm appreciation of his interest and helpfulness.
At the conference, the Director of the Foundation was assisted
by Mr. de Reuck, Miss Maeve O’Connor and Mrs. N. G.
Spufford; and it is Miss O’Connor who, with characteristic
understanding and persistence, has prepared the papers and
discussions for publication. Those concerned will long remember
the privilege of learning at first hand somethmg of the human
problems and historic glories of Egypt. They will be thankful if
the symposium and its publication contribute in any way to the
relief of national and personal suffering from bilharziasis in Africa,
South America, China, Japan and other afflicted areas. It is
hoped particularly that some reward may come to the dedicated
workers in the U.A.R. from this book, which is offered in humble
and admiring commemoration of the centenary of the death of
Theodor Maximilian Bilharz.
Contents
Page
A. H. Mousa Openlng address by the Chairman: Bilharziasis as
a national health problem in the United Arab Re-
. . . . . . . .
public 1
G. Webbe Population studies of intermediate hosts in relation
to transmission of bilharziasis in East Africa . 7
F. S. Barbosa Aspects of the ecology of the intermediate hosts of
Schistosomo monsoni interfering with the trans-
.
mission of bilharziasis in north-eastern Brazil 2.3
N. G. Hairston Population ecology and epidemiological problems 36
Discussion Abdolloh, Ayod, Borboso, Elsdon-Dew, El Gozoyerli,
El-Gindy, Hoirston, El Halawoni, El Mofty, Mouso,
Nogaty, Nelson, Perlowogoro-Szumlewicz, Salem,
Smithers, Webbe, Wright . . . . . 63
M. S. El-Gindy The variability in morphology and anatomy of the
M. Z. Rushdi bulinid snails in Egypt, with special reference to
.
their transmission of Schistosomo hoemotobium 81
C. A. Wright The significance of infra-specific taxonomy in bil-
. . . . . . . .
harziasis lq3
Discussion Ayod, Borboso, DeWitt, El-Gindy, Hairston. El Holo-
woni, Moo, Nagaty, Nelson, Perlowogoro-Szumlewicz,
. . . . .
Smithers, Webbe, Wright 120
G. S. Nelson The r81e of animals as reservoirs of bilharziasis in
. . . . . . . .
C. Teesdale Africa 121
R. 8. Highton
Discussion Barbosa, El Gozoyerli, El-Gindy, Moo, Nelson, New-
. . . . . . .
some, Pitchford 149
General Ayod, El Gazoyerli, El-Gindy, El Holowoni, Mouso,
. .
Discussion Nogoty, Nelson, Newsome, Smithers, Wright 153
W. B. DeWitt Some nutritional aspects of bilharziasis . . 157
Discussion Abdolloh, DeWitt, El Holowoni, Mouso, Newsome,
. . . . . . . .
Stonden 169
ix