Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 - Functions of the Septo-Hippocampal System

440 Pages·1978·7.732 MB·English

Functions of the Septo-Hippocampal System
The Ciba Foundation for the promotion of international cooperation in
medical and chemical research is a scientific and educational charity established by
CIBA Limitednow CIBA-GEIG Y Limited-of Basle. The Foundation operates
independently in London under English trust law.
Ciba FounLtion Symposia are published in collaboration with
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company / Excerpta Medico /
North-Holland Publishing Company in Amsterdam.
Elsevier / Excerpta Media / North-Holland, P.O.Box 21 1, Amsterdam
Functions of the
Septo-Hippocampal
System
Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (new series)
Elsevier . Excerpta Medica . North-Holland
Amsterdam . Oxford . New York
Cop-vright 1978 Ciba Foundation
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
ISBN 0-444-90032-2
Published in July 1978 by Elsevier/Excerpta Medica/North-Holland. P.O. 21 I. Amsterdam
and ElsevieriNorth-Holland, Inc.. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017.
Suggested series entry for library catalogues: Ciba Foundation Symposia.
Suggested publisher’s entry for library catalogues: Elsevier/Excerpta Medica/North-Holland.
Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (new series)
446 pages. 95 figures. 8 tables
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Symposium on Functions of the Septo-Hippocampal System. London, 1977.
Functions of the septo-hippocampal system.
(Ciba Foundation symposium. new ser.: 58)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
I. Septum (Brain)-Congresses. 2. Hippocampus (Brain)-Congresses. I. Title. 11. Series:
Ciba Foundation. Symposium. new wr.. 58.
[DNLM : I. Hippocampus-Physiology-Congresses. 2. Septum pellucidum-Physiology-
Congresses. W3 C161F v. 58 1977 I WL314 S989f 19771
QP383.2.S95 1977 599’.01’88 78-18687
ISBN 0-444-90032-2
Printed in The Netherlands by Casparie. Alkmaar
1v
Contents
L. WEISKRANTZ Chairman’s introduction 1
J. A. GRAY Objectives of the meeting 3
G. s. LYNCH, G. ROSE and c. M. GALL Anatomical and functional aspects of
the septo-hippocampal projections 5
Discussion 20
L. w. SWANSON The anatomical organization of septo-hippocampal
projections 25
Discussion 44
J. STORM-MATHISEN Localization of putative transmitters in the hippocampal
formation (with a note on theconnections to septum and hypothalamus) 49
Discussion 80
P. ANDERSEN Long-lasting facilitation of synaptic transmission 87
Discussion 102
J. F. DEFRANCE. J. c.S TANLEY, J. E. MARCHAND and R. B. CHRONISTER Cholinergic
mechanisms and short-term potentiation 109
Discussion I22
General Discussion I: Monoaminergic inputs to the hippocampus 127
Nicotinic transmission in the hippocampus 130
Specific pathways between septum and hippo-
campus 138
0. s. VINOGRADOVA and E. s. BRAZHNIK Neuronal aspects of septo-
hippocampal relations 145
Discussion 1 7 1
J. O’KEEFE and. A. H. BLACK Single unit and lesion experiments on the sensory
inputs to the hippocampal cognitive map 179
Discussion 192
V
VI CONTENTS
C. H. VANDERWOLF. R. KRAMIS and T. E. ROBINSON Hippocampal electrical
activity during waking behaviour and sleep : analyses using centrally
acting drugs 199
Discussion 22 1
s. P. GROSSMAN An experimental dissection of the septal syndrome 227
Discussion 260
J. A. GRAY, J. FELDON. J. N. P. RAWLINS, s. OWEN and N. MCNAUGHTON The
role of the septo-hippocampal system and its noradrenergic afferents in
behavioural responses to non-reward 275
Discussion 300
General Discussion IZ: Hippocampal units and theta activity 309
Mechanism of theta activity 319
Functional significance of theta activity 321
D. s. OLTON The function of septo-hippocampal connections in spatially
organized behaviour 327
Discussion 343
H. URSIN, T. DALLAND, B. ELLERTSEN, T. HERRMANN, T. B. JOHNSEN, P. J. LIVESEY,
z. ZAIDI and H. WAHL Multivariate analysis of the septal syndrome 351
Discussion 369
L. WEISKRANTZ A comparison of hippocampal pathology in man and other
animals 373
Discussion 388
Final General Discussion: Frequency potentiation and memory 407
Further comments on the hippocampal cognitive
map theory 412
Functions of the septo-hippocampal system in
man and other animals 417
Index of contributors 429
Subject index 431
Participants
Symposium on Functions of the Septo-Hippocampal System. held at the
Ciba Foundation, London, 18th-20th October 1977
Chairman: L. WEISKRANTZ Department of Experimental Psychology,
University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD
P. ANDERSEN The Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Oslo,
Karl Johansgt. 47, Oslo I, Norway
E. AZMITIA Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Downing
Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY
A. BJORKLUND Department of Histology, University of Lund. Biskopsgatan 5,
S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
A. H. BLACK Department of Psychology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St
West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K
J. F. DE FRANCE Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Health Sciences
Center, University of Texas Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston.
Texas 77030, USA
D. GAFFAN Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford,
South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD
J. A. GRAY Department of Experimental’Psychology, University of Oxford,
South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD
s. P. GROSSMAN Department of Behavioral Sciences (Biopsychology),
University of Chicago, Green Hall, 5848 South University Avenue. Chicago,
Illinois 60637, USA
w. P. KOELLA Section 4 (Neuro- and Psychopharmacology), Pharmacology
Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Division, CIBA-GEIGY Limited,
K 125.1 109, CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland
P. J. LIVESEY Department of Psychology, The University of Western Australia.
Nedlands, Western Australia 6009
G. s. LYNCH Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Irvine,
California 927 17, USA
P. MOLNAR Department of Physiology, University Medical School, H-7643
Pecs, Hungary
VII
VIlI PARTICIPANTS
J. O'KEEFE Department of Anatomy and Embryology. University College
(London), Gower Street, London WC 1 E 6BT
D. s. OLTON Department of Psychology, The Johns Hopkins University.
Baltimore. Maryland 21218, USA
J. B. KANC'K, Jr. Department of Physiology, Downstate Medical Center,
State University of New York, Box 131, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn,
New York 11203, USA
J. N. P. RAWLINS Department of Experimental Psychology, University of
Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD
T. E. ROBINSON Department of Psychology, University of California, Irvine,
Caliibrnia 9271 7. USA
M. SEGAL Isotope Department. The Wekmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box
26, Rehovot, Israel
B. SREBRO Institute of Physiology, University of Bergen, Arstadveien 19,
N-500 Bergen, Norway
J. STORM-MATHISEN Anatomical Institute, University of Oslo, Karl Johansgt.
47, Oslo 1, Norway
L. w. SWANSON Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington
University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue. St Louis,
Missouri 631 10, USA
H. URSIN Department of Physiological Psychology, Institute of Psychology,
University of Bergen, Arstadveien 21, 5000 Bergen, Norway
c. H. VANDERWOLF Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science,
University of Western Ontario, London 72, Ontario, Canada
OLGA s. VINOGRAWVA Department of Memory Problems, Institute of
Biophysics, Academy Biological Centre, Puschino-on-Oka, Moscow Distr.
142292. USSR
G. WINOCUR Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough,
Ontario. K91 7B8, Canada
J. ZIMMER Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, DK 8000 Aarhus C,
Denmark
Editors: KATHERINE ELLIOTT (Organizer) and JULIE WHELAN
Fun ctions of th e Septo-Hippocampal System
Ciba Foundation
Copyright 0 1978 Ciba Foundation
Chairman’s introduction
L. WEISKRANTZ
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxJord
We have a very exciting topic for this symposium: we also have a great number
of different disciplines and approaches. We hope that out of the entire
discussion some kind of synthesis will emerge, or at least some agreement
about where and why we disagree. I personally hope that we can keep certain
broad issues in mind during the symposium. The striking aspect of the
hippocampus is the anatomical elegance of its structure, revealed in detail in
the past few years. In contrast there is really appalling ignorance about
what this elegance means. I am not sure that the septa1 area is quite so elegant
in appearance but the hippocampus certainly is. Anatomical information
will be presented to us. In recent years certain favourite anatomical
connections have been stressed in discussions of the septo-hippocampal
system, but there are older connections too: anatomists keep on adding
connections; they very rarely subtract any ! These ‘older’ connections,
between for example the hippocampus and thalamus, are rarely stressed now
and it may be worth reminding ourselves that we are dealing with a rather
more complex anatomical system than just the pathways that we happen
to be interested in at the moment.
We shall be given information on neurotransmitters, and it is worth asking
ourselves why God made so many different transmitters when presumably
it would be possible for all synapses to work on one transmitter, if the only
function is to get signals from one neuron to another. The questicn here is
what are the functional implications of a dependence on a particular trans-
mitter, if there is one, in this particular anatomical system.
We shall hear electrophysiological information also, and I hope in discussion
we can ask ourselves.how we go from the single cell, which is the favourite
unit of analysis these days, to populations of cells and their organizational
structure. That is a standard problem but by no means a simple one to
overcome.
1
2 L. WEISKRANTZ
We shall also be discussing function. There are a great many different
approaches to the question of function. Historically, the suggested role of
the hippocampus in memory is one with which we are all familiar. We are
also familiar with its suggested role in emotional behaviour-in frustration
and punishment-and relevant to that will be information on the endo-
crinological aspects of the hippocampus. We know now about its possible
role in spatial functions. We know that it seems to have some connection
with voluntary movement. We know about its suggested role in various
kinds of disinhibitory and perseverative behaviour, and in habituation.
I hope we can direct our attention to three questions: first, is it possible
to subsume all these different kinds of functions under a single heading? Is
there some fundamental scheme in the Platonic sense which we see the
shadows of, from time to time, in the various hypotheses that have been
put forward? It would be interesting and important to see whether we can
get agreement on that. The second question is: what are the ways in which
the different suggested functions can be studied independently? Is an animal,
for example, who is impaired on spatial function going to be impaired on
various other aspects of'behaviour because he has a spatial deficit? We
must know the answer to this before we can decide whether we are dealing
with several independent functions. Finally, the third question is related to
the second but is not quite the same: the title of the symposium contains
the words 'septo-hippocampal system'. By the end, we may want to know
whether we are in fact dealing with systems in the plural, rather than one
single system.