Ciba Foundation Symposium 32 - Health and Industrial Growth

267 Pages·1975·4.69 MB·English

Health and Industrial Growth
The Ciba Foundation for the promotion of international cooperation in
medical and chemical research is a scientific and educational charity established by
CIBA Limited - now CIBA-GEIGY Limited - of Bade. The Foundation operates
independently in London under English trust law.
Ciba Foundation Symposia are published in collaboration with
Associated Scientific Publishers (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Excerpta Medica,
North- Holland Publishing Company) in Amsterdam.
Associated Scientific Publishers, P.O. Box 21 1, Amsterdam
Health and
Industrial Growth
Ciba Foundation Symposium 32 (new series)
1975
Elsevier . Excerpta Medica . North-Holland
Associated Scientific Publishers . Amsterdam . Oxford . New York
0 Copyright 1975 Ciba Foundation
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording,
or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
ISBN Excerpta Medica 90 219 4036 1
ISBN American Elsevier 0-444-15180-x
Published in August 1975 by Associated Scientific Publishers, P.O. Box 211, Amsterdam and
American Elsevier, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017.
Suggested series entry for library catalogues : Ciba Foundation Symposia.
Suggested publisher’s entry for library catalogues: Associated Scientific Publishers.
Ciba Foundation Symposium 32 (new series)
Printed in The Netherlands by Van Gorcum, Assen
Contents
K. M. ELLIOTT Preface 1
LORD ASHBY Legislation outside the factory: the British philosophy of
pollution control 3
Discussion I1
J. c. WOOD Legislative protection of health at work 17
Discussion 24
N. Y. KIROV Lessen the industrial growing pains of developing countries by
more effective aid 31
Discussion 43
L. K. A. DERBAN Some environmental health problems associated with
industrial development in Ghana 49
Discussion 66
M. BAVANDI Industrial growth and nutrition 73
Discussion 82
v. RAMALINGASWAMI Health and industrial growth : the current Indian scene
89
Discussion 96
w. 0. PHOON The impact of industrial growth on health in South-East Asia
107
Discussion 120
H. SAKABE Japanese experience on health and industrial growth 127
Discussion 135
VI CONTENTS
M. A. EL BATAWI Health of working populations in industrializing societies
141
Discussion 148
I. ILLICH The industrialization of medicine 157
Discussion 163
v. PAPANEK Socio-environmental consequences of design 171
Discussion 175
E. J. CHALLIS Environmental and social problems arising from industrial
growth 179
Discussion 193
w. T. JONES Influencing individual and public responses 203
Discussion 2 10
G. MARS An anthropological approach to health problems in developing
countries 219
Discussion 228
General Discussion 237
LORD ASHBY COnClUSiOnS 251
Biographies of contributors 253
Index of contributors 259
Subject index 261
Participants
Symposium on Health and Industrial Growth, held at the Ciba Foundation,
London, llth-13th September 1974
Chairman: LORD ASHBY The Master’s Lodge, Clare College, Cambridge
CB2 1TL
M. BAVANDI Division of Health 8z Social Welfare, Plan and Budget Organi-
zation, PO Box 12-1244, Tehran, Iran
H. BRIDGER The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, The Tavistock
Centre, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW3 5BA
E. J. CHALLIS Petrochemicals Division, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.,
P.O. Box 90, Wilton, Middlesbrough, Cleveland County TS6 8JE
L. K. A. DERBAN Volta River Authority, P.O. Box M77, Accra, Ghana
H. DICKINSON School of Engineering Science, University of Edinburgh,
King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL
M. A. EL BATAWI Occupational Health Unit, World Health Organization, 1211
Geneva 27, Switzerland
J. c. GILSON MRC Pneumoconiosis Unit, Llandough Hospital, Penarth,
Glamorgan CF6 1XW
w. w. HOLLAND Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Social Medicine,
St Thomas’s Hospital Medical School, Albert Embankment, London
SEl 7EH
I. ILLICH Center for Intercultural Documentation (CIDOC), Apartado 479,
Cuernavaca, Mexico, CA
w. T. JONES District Community Physician, Harrow and Brent Area Health
Authority, District Offices, Central Middlesex Hospital, Park Roya1,London
N.W.10
VIII PARTICIPANTS
N. Y. KIROV Department of Fuel Technology, School of Chemical Engineering,
The University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, N.S.W.,
Australia 2033
w. L. KISSICK Department of Community Medicine, University of Penn-
sylvania, Philadelphia, USA
P. J. LAWTHER MRC Air Pollution Unit, St Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical
College, Charterhouse Square, London ECl M 6BQ
G. MARS The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations (CDIC), The Tavistock
Centre, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW3 5BA
R. MURRAY Burchetts, Newton Green, Sudbury, Suffolk COlO OQZ
v. PAPANEK School of Industrial Design, Carleton University, Colonel By
Drive, Ottawa, Canada
J. R. PHILIP Division of Environmental Mechanics, CSIRO, P.O. Box 821,
Canberra City, A.C.T., Australia 2601
w. 0. PHOON Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, University
of Singapore, Outram Hill, Singapore 3
R. s. PORTER Economic Planning, Ministry of Overseas Development, Eland
House, Stag Place, London SWlE 5DH
v. RAMALINGASWAMI All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar,
New Delhi-16, India
H. SAKABE National Institute of Industrial Health, Ministry of Labour,
2051 Kizukisumiyoshi-Cho, Kawasaki, Japan
A. WHITE Institute of Development Studies, Sussex University, Falmer,
Brighton BNl 9QH
J. c. WOOD Department of Law, Sheffield University, Sheffield SlO 2TN
Editors: KATHERINE ELLIOTT (Organizer) and JULIE KNIGHT
Health and Industrial Growth
Ciba Foundat(on
Copvriclht 0 1975 Ciba Foundation
Preface
Just over two years ago Lord Ashby suggested that the Ciba Foundation might
usefully hold a discussion on second-order effects of industrial growth in
relation to human health. The United Kingdom underwent industrialization
in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Other western countries soon followed
suit. If appropriate experts, drawn from areas at various stages of industrial-
ization, looked together at the UK experience, could some practical guidelines
for development planners, politicians and legislators emerge?
It so happened that the symposium planning period coincided with dramatic
world changes. These shifts sharpened the need to question our assumptions
about the inevitable and beneficial nature of industrial development. We had
set out to consider how possible ill-effects of industrialization on health could
be either avoided or neutralized, but much more profound questions became
unavoidably central to the symposium theme. Does the process of industrial-
izing genuinely enhance the sum total of human well-being? Or may the changes
involved so distort and harm a society that increasing prosperity fails to benefit
those least able to fend for themselves?
This book, which records the papers and the discussions at the symposium
held in 1974, begins with the more specific (although large and challenging
enough) problems of the directly harmful side-effects of industrial growth.
The ways in which control of pollution in the UK is approached are analysed,
together with the contribution legislation can make to the protection of health
at work. The symposium then widens out to consider the industrial ‘growing
pains’ of developing countries and how they might avoid repeating mistakes
made in 19th-century Europe. The impact of industrialization on health is
taken up from viewpoints varying from Ghana, Iran and India to the South-
East Asian region and Japan. The health of the working population in these
countries is specifically examined, together with the question of how health
I
2 PREFACE
needs and problems of the workers can be integrated with those of the whole
population, of which the workers are also a part.
In the final sections even wider, and probably generally relevant, problems
of the impact of industrialized society as such on mankind’s health and well-
being are considered. The individual cannot be thought of separately from
his or her family, work and environment; there has to be a holistic approach
consistent with the social system accepted by a nation. The book takes us
beyond the simpler issues of occupational hazards and effects of environmental
pollutants to discuss concepts of health, disease and medical care in a rapidly
changing world where universally rising hopes, demands and needs have
somehow to be matched with finite and unequally distributed resources.
KATHERINE ELLIOTT