Ciba Foundation Symposium 190 - Somatostatin and its Receptors

283 Pages·9.631 MB·English

SOMATOSTATIN AND ITS
RECEPTORS
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Ciba Foundation Symposium 190
SOMATOSTATIN
AND ITS
RECEPTORS
1995
JOHN WILEY & SONS
~ ~~ ~ ~~~ - ~ .~
Chichester New York Brisbane Toronto Singapore
OCiba Foundation 1995
Published in 1995 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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Suggested series entry for library catalogues:
Ciba Foundation Symposia
Ciba Foundation Symposium 190
ix -t 274 pages, 46 figures, I1 tables
Librury of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicaiion Data
Somatostatin and its receptors.
p. cm.-(Ciba Foundation symposium; 190)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 0 471 95382 2
I. Somatostatin-Congresses. 2. Somatostatin-Receptors-
Congresses. I. Chadwick, Derek. 11. Cardew, Gail. 111. Series.
[ DNLM: 1. Somatostatin-physiology-congresses. 2. Receptors,
Somatostatin-physiology-congresses. W3 C161F v. 190 1995/WK
515 S6933 19951
QPSi’2.SS9S664 I995
612.4’05-dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 94-43530
CIP
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Daia
A catalogue record for this book is
available from the British Library
ISBN 0 471 95382 2
Phototypeset by Dobbie Typesetting Limited, Tavistock, Devon.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, Guildford.
Contents
Symposium on Somatostatin and its receptors, held at the Ciba
Foundation, London 12-14 July 1994
This symposium was based on a proposal by Jacques Epelbaum and
Terry Reisine
Editors: Derek J. Chadwick (Organizer) and Gail Cardew
S. Reichlin Introduction 1
M. Montminy, P. Brindle, J. Arias, K. Ferreri and R.
Armstrong Regulation of somatostatin gene transcription by CAMP 7
Discussion 20
Y. C. Pate1 and A. Galanopoulou Processing and intracellular targeting
of prosomatostat in-derived peptides: the role of mammalian
endoproteases 26
Discussion 40
M.-F. Chesselet, J.J. Soghomonian and P. Salin Anatomical localization
and regulation of somatostatin gene expression in the basal ganglia and
its clinical implications 5 1
Discussion 59
G. 1. Bell, K. Yasuda, H. Kong, S. F. Law, K. Raynor and T. Reisine
Molecular biology of somatostatin receptors 65
Discussion 80
Ch. Bruns, G. Weckbecker, F. Raulf, H. Lubbert and D. Hoyer
Characterization of somatostatin receptor subtypes 89
Discussion 10 1
M. Berelowitz, Y. Xu, J. Song and J. F. Bruno Regulation of
somatostatin receptor mRNA expression 111
Discussion 122
V
vi Contents
P. Leroux, C. Bodenant, E. Bologna, B. Gonzalez and H. Vaudry Transient
expression of somatostatin receptors in the brain during development 127
Discussion 1 37
A. Beaudet and G. S. Tannenbaum Expression of sstrl and sstr2 somatostatin
receptors in rat hypothalamus: correlation with receptor binding and
distribution of growth hormone regulatory peptides 142
Discussion 15 1
T. Reisine, D. Woulfe, K. Raynor, H. Kong, J. Heerding, J. Hines,
M. Tallent and S. Law Interaction of somatostatin receptors with G
proteins and cellular effector systems 160
Discussion 167
C. Kleuss Somatostatin modulates voltage-dependent Ca2 channels in
+
GH3 cells via a specific Go splice variant 171
Discussion 182
N. Delesque, L. Buscail, J. P. Esthve, 1. Rauly, M. Zeggari, N. Saint-
Laurent, G. 1. Bell, A. V. Schally, N. Vaysse and C. Susini
A tyrosine phosphatase is associated with the somatostatin receptor 187
Discussion 196
A. Schonbrunn, Y.-Z. Gu, P. J. Brown and D. Loose-Mitchell Function
and regulation of somatostatin receptor subtypes 204
Discussion 2 17
S. W. J. Lamberts, W. W. de Herder, P. M. van Koetsveld, J. W. Koper,
A. J. van der Lely, H. A. Visser-Wisselaar and L. J. Hofland Somatostatin
receptors: clinical implications for endocrinology and oncology 222
Discussion 236
D. H. Coy and W. J. Rossowski Somatostatin analogues and multiple
receptors: possible physiological roles 240
Discussion 252
Final Discussion 255
S. Reichlin Summary 258
Appendix 261
Index of contributors 263
Subject index 265
Participants
A. Beaudet Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill
University, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
G. I. Bell Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Biochemistry
& Molecular Biology & Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S
Maryland Avenue, MC 1028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
M. Berelowitz Division of Endocrinology, SUNY Health Sciences Center,
Level 15 Rm 060, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8154, USA
Ch. Bruns Preclinical Research, Bldg 386/646, Sandoz Pharma AG,
CH-4002 Bade, Switzerland
M.-F. Chesselet Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania,
3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084, USA
P. Cohen Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS URA 1682, 96 Blvd
Raspail, F-75006 Paris, France
D. H. Coy Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of
Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 701 12-2699, USA
J. P. Epelbaum Unite de Dynamique des Systkms Neuroendocriniens,
INSERM U159, Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d’Alesia, F-75014 Paris,
France
C. M. Eppler Dept of Animal Industry Discovery, American Cyanamid
Co. ARD, PO Box 400, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
R. Goodman The Vollum Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research,
Oregon Health Sciences University L474, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park
Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA
vii
Vlll Participants
P. P. A. Humphrey Glaxo Institute of Applied Pharmacology, Department of
Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge
CB2 lQJ, UK
C. Kleuss Department of Pharmacology, Southwestern Medical Center,
University of Texas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235-9041, USA
S. W. J. Lamberts Department of Medicine, Erasmus University, 40 Dr.
Molewaterplein, NL-3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
P. Leroux Unite de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Molkculaire INSERM
U413, UA CNRS, Faculte des Sciences, Universitt de Rouen, F 76821 Mont-
St-Aignan Cedex, France
S. L. Lightman Department of Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal
Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
W. Meyerhof Deutsches Institut fur Ernahrungsforschung, Universitat Potsdam,
Arthur-Schennert-Allee 114-1 16, D-14558 Potsdam-Rehbrucke, Germany
M. R. Montminy The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology,
The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1099,
USA
A.-M. O’Carroll Laboratory of Cell Biology, Building 36 Room 3A-17, NIMH
9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Y. C. Patel Department of Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill
University, Royal Victoria Hospital and the Montreal Neurological Institute,
Rm M3-15 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1Al
S. Reichlin (Chairman) Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and
Molecular Medicine, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, 750
Washington Street, Boston, MA 021 11, USA
T. Reisine Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School
of Medicine, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084,
USA
R. J. Robbins Endocrinology Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,
1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Participants ix
A. Schonbrunn Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical
School, PO Box 20708, Houston, TX 77225, USA
R. M. Seiiaris Rodriguez (Bursar) Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de
Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco S/n,
E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
P. J. S. Stork The Vollum Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, Oregon
Health Sciences University L474,3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland,
OR 97201, USA
C. Susini INSERM U151, CHU Rangueil Bhiment L3, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes,
F-3 1054 Toulouse, France
J. E. Taylor Biomeasure Inc., 27 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USA
Novartis Foundation Symposium
Edited by Derek J. Chadwick, Gail Cardew
Copyright 0 1995 by Ciba Foundation
lntrod uction
Seymour Reichlin
Division of Endocrinology, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Box 268,
750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 021 11, USA
This symposium was designed to summarize current knowledge of the
mechanisms of control of somatostatin synthesis and secretion and how the
recent discovery of the structure of the somatostatin receptor family has
illuminated our understanding of somatostatin regulation of cell secretion and
growth. We will also consider the insight that these findings have given in brain
development, neurological disorders and clinical diagnosis and therapy. In the
tradition of Ciba symposia, an active and free discussion among experts will
clarify areas of controversy and important questions for future work will be
identified.
To establish a context for this dialogue, I will retrace some of the steps that
led to the serendipitous discovery of somatostatin and the subsequent elucidation
of its biological importance (for reviews see Reichlin 1983, 1987, Patel & Srikant
1985, Patel 1992, 1994). This history is a paradigm for the development of our
understanding of neuroendocrinology, from the early days of whole-animal
physiology and bioassays, through peptide structure determination by amino
acid sequencing, to elucidation at the molecular level of mechanisms of
neuropeptide synthesis, secretion and action.
Growth hormone (GH) secretion inhibitory factors were first discovered by
Krulich et a1 (1968) who were attempting to demonstrate GH-releasing activity
in extracts of rat hypothalamus. Unlike previous work, which had utilized whole
hypothalamic extracts, they assayed extracts of various regions of the
hypothalamus, finding some that inhibited GH release and some that stimulated
GH release. They made the novel proposal that GH secretion was governed by
the interaction of hypothalamic stimulatory and inhibitory factors. At about
the same time, Hellman & Lernmark (1969) found a component of whole
pancreatic extracts that inhibited insulin secretion and suggested that it might
be under local inhibitory control.
At first, the view of Krulich et al was not readily accepted, but became more
credible when a group of workers in Roger Guillemin’s laboratory determined
the chemical structure of a GH release inhibitory factor during the search for
GH-releasing activity in whole hypothalamic extracts (Brazeau et a1 1973). It
is an ironic footnote to this history, recounted by Guillemin many years later