Ciba Foundation Symposium 150 - Proto-Oncogenes in Cell Development

304 Pages·19.275 MB·English

PROTO-ONCOGENES
IN CELL
DEVELOPMENT
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Ciba Foundation Symposium 150
PROTO-ONCOGENES
IN CELL
DEVELOPMENT
A Wiley-Interscience Publication
1990
JOHN WILEY & SONS
Chichester . New York Brisbane . Toronto . Singapore
OCiba Foundation 1990
Published in 1990 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Suggested series entry for library catalogues:
Ciba Foundation Symposia
Ciba Foundation Symposium
295 pages, 51 figures, 10 tables
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Duta
Proto-oncogenes in cell development.
p. cm.-(Ciba Foundation symposium; 150)
Editors: Greg Bock and Joan Marsh.
‘Symposium on Proto-oncogenes in Cell Development, held at the
Ciba Foundation, London, 19-21 September 1989’-Contents p.
‘A Wiley-Interscience publication.’
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0 471 92686 8
1. Proto-oncogenes-Congresses. 2. Oncogenes-Congresses.
3. Cell trarisformalion-Congresses. 4. Developmental cytology-
Congresses. I. Bock, Gregory. 11. Marsh, Joan. 111. Symposium
on Proro-oncogenes in Cell Deveiopment (1989: Ciba Foundation)
IV. Series.
I DNLM: 1. Cells-congresses. 2. Gene Expression Kegulalion-
congresses. 3. Proto-Oncogenes-congresses. W3 C161 F v. ISO/QZ
202 P9675 19891
RC268.415 .P76 -1990
591.87 ‘ 6 - dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 90-1 1986
CIP
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Duta
Proto-oncogenes in cell development.
1. Animals. Cells. Development
I. Bock, Greg 11. Marsh, Joan 1960-
59 I ,876 1
ISBN 0 471 92686 8
Phototypeset by Dobbie Typesetting Limited, Devon.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd., Guildford.
Contents
Symposium on Proto-oncogenes in cell development, held at the Ciba
Foundation, London 19-21 September 1989
This symposium is based on a proposal made by Dr Michael Hanley
Editors: Greg Bock and Joan Marsh
T Hunter Introduction 1
B. Westermark, L. Claesson-Welsh and C.-H. Heldin Structural and
functional aspects of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors 6
Discussion 14
M. Hanley, W. T. Cheung, P. Hawkins, D. Poyner, H. P. Benton,
R.
L. Blair, T. Jackson and M. Goedert The mas oncogene as a neural
R.
peptide receptor: expression, regulation and mechanism of action 23
Discussion 38
J. Meinkoth, A. S. Alberts and J. Feramisco Construction of mammalian
R.
cell lines with indicator genes driven by regulated promoters 47
Discussion 5 1
P. Maness and W. Matten Tyrosine phosphorylation of membrane-
associated tubulin in nerve growth cones enriched in pp60c-src 57
Discussion 69
T. Sugimura, T. Yoshida, H. Sakamoto, 0. Katoh, Y. Hattori and
M. Terada Molecular biology of the hst-1 gene 79
Discussion 89
W. H. Moolenaar and E. J. van Corven Growth factor-like action of
lysophosphatidic acid: mitogenic signalling mediated by G proteins 99
Discussion 106
Kriz, L.-L. Lin, L. Sultzman, Ellis, C.-H. Heldin, T. Pawson
R. C.
and J. Knopf Phospholipase C isozymes: structural and functional
similarities 112
Discussion 124
vi Contents
I. M. Verma, L. J. Ransone, J. Visvader, P. Sassone-Corsi and W. W.
Lamph fos-jun conspiracy: implications for the cell 128
Discussion 137
G. F. Vande Woude, R. Buccione, I. Daar, J. J. Eppig, M. Oskarsson, R.
Paules, N. Sagata and N. Yew mos proto-oncogene function 147
Discussion 160
General discussion I The role of proto-oncogenes in amphibian
development 163
C. Norbury and P. Nurse Controls of cell proliferation in yeast and
animals 168
Discussion 177
General discussion 11 Regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle 184
E. Hafen and K. Basler Role of receptor tyrosine kinases during
Drosophilu development 191
Discussion 204
R. Nusse The int genes in mouse mammary tumorigenesis and in normal
development 212
Discussion 222
M. Noble, S. C. Barnett, 0. Bogler, H. Land, G. Wolswijk and D.
Wren ControI of division and differentiation in oligodendrocyte-type-2
astrocyte progenitor cells 227
Discussion 244
G. Falcone, M. C. Gauzzi, F. Tatd and S. Alema Differential control of
muscle-specific gene expression specified by src and myc oncogenes in
myogenic cells 250
Discussion 258
K. Buchkovich, N. Dyson, P. Whyte and E. Harlow Cellular proteins
that are targets for tiansformation by DNA tumour viruses 262
Discussion 27 1
Final discussion The role of proto-oncogenes in differentiation and
development 279
Index of contributors 285
Subject index 287
Particip ants
S. Alema Istituto di Biologia Cellulare, CNR, viale Marx 43, 1-00137
Rome, Italy
P. Bentley PO Box CIBA-GEIGY AG, CH 4002, Basle, Switzerland
J. S. Brugge Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine, 209 Johnson Pavilion, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6076, USA
J. R. Feramisco Department of Medicine, University of California at San
Diego, Theodore Gildred Cancer Facility, T-011, 225 Dickinson Street,
San Diego, California 92093, USA
R. Greil (Ciba Foundation Bursar) Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
E. Hafen Zoological Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse
190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
M. R. Hanley MRC Molecular Biology Unit, University of Cambridge
Medical School, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
E. Harlow Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, PO Box 100, Cold Spring
Harbor, New York 11724, USA
J. K. Heath Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South
Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
T. Hunter (Chairman) Molecular Biology & Virology Laboratory, The
Salk Institute, PO Box 85800, San Diego, California 92138-9216, USA
T. M. Jessell Neurobiology & Behaviour Center, College of Physicians &
Surgeons of Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York
10032, USA
J. L. Knopf Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics Institute Inc,
87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA
vii
viii Participants
H. Land Imperial Cancer Research Fund, PO Box 123, 44 Lincoln’s Inn
Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
P. F. Maness Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition 505 FLOB,
University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Building 231H,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-723 1, USA
A. P. McMahon Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, New
Jersey 07110, USA
MCchali Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Universite Paris VII, Tour
M.
43, 2 Place Jussieu, F-75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
W. H. Moolenaar Division of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands
Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
M. Noble Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, (Middlesex Hospital/
University College Branch), Courtauld Building, 9 1 Riding House Street,
London W1P 8BT, UK
C. Norbury ICRF Cell Cycle Group, Microbiology Unit, Department of
Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford
OX1 3QU, UK
P. Nurse ICRF Cell Cycle Group, Microbiology Unit, Department of
Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford
OX1 3QU, UK
R. Nusse Division of Molecular Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute,
Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
C. J. Sherr Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories,
Department of Tumour Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research
Hospital, 332 N Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38101-0318, USA
T. Sugimura National Cancer Center, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku,
Tokyo 104, Japan
G. F. Vande Woude BRI Basic Research Program, Frederick Cancer
Research Facility, PO Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA
Participants ix
I. M. Verma The Salk Institute, PO Box 85800, San Diego, California
92138-9216, USA
E. Wagner Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr Bohr-Gasse 7,
A-1030 Vienna, Austria
M. Waterfield Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, (Middlesex
HospitalAJniversity College Branch), Courtauld Building, 91 Riding
House Street, London W1P 8BT, UK
B. Westermark Department of Pathology, University of Uppsala,
Akademiska Sjukhuset, S-75 1 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Novartis Foundation Symposium
Edited by Greg Bock, Joan Mash
Copyright 0 1990 by Ciba Foundation
I nt rodu ction
T. Hunter
Molecular Biology & Virology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, PO Box 85800, San Diego,
CA 92138-9216, USA
The title of this Ciba Foundation Symposium is ‘Proto-oncogenes in cell
development’, which is indeed a timely topic. There are now over fifty proto-
oncogenes known, and from the intensive analysis of this type of gene over the
past decade it has become clear that proto-oncogene products play central roles
in cellular and organismic physiology. It is largely through the study of proto-
oncogene products and their activated oncogenic counterparts that we have
begun to uncover some of the fundamental processes that regulate cell growth
and differentiation, both at a single cell level and at the level of the organism.
What we now realize is that proto-oncogene products are all elements of a
complex cellular signalling network, in which these proteins perform a variety
of functions, including acting as ligands and growth factors outside the cell,
as receptors in the plasma membrane and signal transducers in the cytoplasm,
and as transcription factors in the nucleus. In general, proto-oncogenes have
been highly conserved through evolution; in some cases they play analogous
and essential roles in the most primitive single cell eukaryotes and in mammals.
A good example is ras, which serves a membrane-signalling function in both
yeast and humans. The power of genetics in invertebrates such as yeast,
Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, has allowed us to learn a great deal about
mammalian proto-oncogene function through a study of the invertebrate
homologues. Many intriguing identities have emerged between genes that were
originally identified as developmental genes in simpler organisms and proto-
oncogenes in vertebrates; e.g. the Drosophila gene decapentaplegic and the TGF-
pl gene, and fin-12 in C. elegans and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene.
In this meeting we shall hear mostly about the functions of the normal cellular
proto-oncogene products, but at the same time we should not lose sight of the
fact that an analysis of their oncogenic counterparts has greatly advanced our
understanding of proto-oncogene function, through the instructive nature of
the mutations that have converted these normal cellular genes into constitutively
active oncogenes. There will be papers on representative proto-oncogene
products that function at every level in the cell. Starting from the outside of
the cell, with proto-oncogenes encoding growth factors that act in endocrine,
paracrine or even autocrine fashions, we will hear from Bengt Westermark about
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