Ciba Foundation Symposium 14 - Locomotion of Tissue Cells

382 Pages·1973·10.804 MB·English

Locomotion of Tissue Cells
The Ciba Foundation for the promotion of international cooperation in
medical and chemical research is a scientific and educational charity established by
CIBA Limited - now CIBA-GEIGY Limited - Basle. The Foundation operates
independently in London under English trust law.
Ciba Foundation Symposia are published in collaboration with
Associated Scientific Publishers (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Excerpta Medica,
North-Holland Publishing Company) in Amsterdam.
Associated Scientific Publishers, P.O. Box 21 I, Amsterdam
Locomotion
of Tissue Cells
Ciba Foundation Symposium 14 (new series)
1973
Elsevier Excerpta Medica North-Holland
Associated Scientific Publishers Amsterdam London New York
0 Copyright 1973 Ciba Foundation
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers.
ISBN Excerpta Medica 90 219 401 5 9
ISBN American Elsevier 0-444-1 5010-2
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 73-80386
Published in 1973 by Associated Scientific Publishers, P.O. Box 21 1, Amsterdam, and
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017.
Suggested series entry for library catalogues : Ciba Foundation Symposia.
Ciba Foundation Symposium 14 (new series)
Printed in The Netherlands by Van Gorcum, Assen
Contents
M. ABERCROMBIE Chairman’s introduction 1
A. K. HARRIS Cell surface movements related to cell locomotion 3
Discussion 20
s. DE PETRIS & M. c. RAFF Fluidity of the plasma membrane and its implications
for cell movement 27
Discussion 41
N. K. WESSELLS, B. s. SPOONER & M. A. LUDUEGA Surface movements, micro-
filaments and cell locomotion 53
Discussion 77
R. D. GOLDMAN, G. BERG, A. BUSHNELL, CHENG-MING CHANG, L. DICKERMAN, N.
HOPKINS, M. L. MILLER, R. POLLACK & E. WANG Fibrillar systems in cell
motility 83
Discussion 103
A. c. ALLISON The role of microfilaments and microtubules in cell movement,
endocytosis and exocytosis 109
Discussion 143
K. R. PORTER Microtubules in intracellular locomotion 149
Discussion 166
A. s. G. CURTIS & T. E. J. BUULTJENS Cell adhesion and locomotion 171
Discussion 180
General Discussion I 187
D. BRAY & M. B. BUNGE The growth cone in neurite extension 195
CONTENTS VI
G. A. DUNN Extension of nerve fibres, their mutual interaction and direction
of growth in tissue culture 21 1
Discussion 223
J. P. TRINKAUS Modes of cell locomotion in vivo 233
Discussion 244
c. A. MIDDLETON The control of epithelial cell locomotion in tissue culture 251
Discussion 262
T. GUSTAFSON Effects of drugs on morphogenetic movements in the sea
urchin 271
Discussion 283
M. GAIL Time lapse studies on the motility of fibroblasts in tissue culture 287
Discussion 302
JU. M. VASILIEV & I. M. GELFAND Interactions of normal and neoplastic fibro-
blasts with the substratum 31 1
Discussion 329
M. s. STEINBERG Cell movements in confluent monolayers: a re-evaluation of
the causes of ‘contact inhibition’ 333
Discussion 34 1
General Discussion I1
Directed movements 357
Substrate form 361
Basic mechanisms 365
M. ABERCROMBIE COnClUSiOn 371
Index of contributors 373
Subject index 374
Participants
Symposium on Locomotion of Tissue Cells held at the Ciba Foundation, London,
30th August-1st September 1972
Chairman: M. ABERCROMBIE Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort’s Cause-
way, Cambridge CB1 4RN
G. ALBRECHT-BUHLER Friedrich Miescher-Institut, Postfach 273, CH-4002
Basel, Switzerland
A. c. ALLISON Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex
HA1 3UJ
E. J. AMBROSE Department of Cell Biology, Chester Beatty Research Institute,
Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB
D. BRAY MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Postgraduate
Medical School, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH
A. s. G. CURTIS Department of Cell Biology, The University, Glasgow W2
G. A. DUNN Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge
CB14RN
M. H. GAIL Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Landow Building, Room C-519, Bethesda, Md. 20014, USA
“I. M. GELFAND Laboratory of Mathematical Methods in Biology, Corpus
‘A’, Moscow State University, Moscow V-234, USSR
D. GINGELL Department of Biology as Applied to Medicine, Middlesex
Hospital Medical School, London WlP 7PN
R. D. GOLDMAN Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
T. GUSTAFsON Wenner-Grens Institute, University of Stockholm, Norrtulls-
gatan 16, Stockholm, VA, Sweden
A. K. HARRIS Department of zoology, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
* Contributed in absentia.
VIII PARTICIPANTS
JOAN HEAYSMAN Department of Zoology, University College London, Gower
Street, London WClE 6BT
H. E. HUXLEY MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Post-
graduate Medical School, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH
LILIANA LUBI~SKA Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of
Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw 22, Poland
c. A. MIDDLETON Department of Zoology, University College London,
Gower Street, London WClE 6BT
s. DE PETRIS Basel Institute of Immunology, Grenzacherstrasse 487, Basel
CH 4058, Switzerland
K. R. PORTER Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology,
University of Colorado, College of Arts and Sciences, Boulder, Colorado
80302, USA
M. s. STEINBERG Department of Biology, Princeton University, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, USA
J. P. TRINKAUS Department of Biology, Yale University, Kline Biology Tower,
New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
"JU. M. VASILIEV Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, 6 Kashirskoje
Schosse, Moscow 115478, USSR
N. K. WESSELLS Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University,
Stanford, California 94305, USA
K. E. WOHLFARTH-BOTTERMANN Institut fur Cytologie und Mikromorphologie,
Universitiit Bonn, 53 Bonn 1, Gartenstrasse 61a, West Germany
L. WOLPERT Department of Biology as Applied to Medicine, Middlesex
Hospital Medical School, London W 1P 7PN
Editors: RUTH PORTER and DAVID w. FITZSIMONS
* Contrihuted in absentia
Locomotion of Tissue Cells
Ciba Foundation
Copyright 0 1973 Ciba Foundation
Chairman’s introduction
M. ABERCROMBIE
Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge
Research on the machinery responsible for the locomotion of cells on a solid
substratum has for many years been focused mainly on the large rhizopod
protozoa. Students of metazoan cells, particularly pathologists interested in the
chemotaxis of leucocytes, tissue culturists interested in the expansion of cell
colonies in vitro, and embryologists interested in morphogenesis have had
virtually no information with which to argue about rival hypotheses of loco-
motion. They have had to stand on the side-lines while the protozoologists
debated.
The situation is now beginning to change. Knowledge of how widespread
actin and myosin are in metazoan cells has combined with the recent great
advances in understanding of muscle contraction to put theorizing at a molecular
level on solid ground. At the same time the electron microscope has been
producing a steadily improving picture of the architecture of microfilament and
microtubule systems withln the cell, which refined observation and experiment
on living cells are beginning to convert into functional terms.
It seemed therefore an opportune moment to bring together, in what is
apparently the first international meeting on the subject, some of those engaged
in research on the movement of tissue cells. Our concentration on tissue cells
and relative neglect of leucocytes was an attempt to restrain the spread of
discussion. Everybody believes in the importance of leucocyte movement. But
the importance of tissue cell locomotion is still greatly underestimated. Pioneers
like Vogt, Holtfreter and Paul Weiss gave the notion deep roots in embryology.
But the propensity of animal cells to form, and in the case of malignancy to
destroy, supracellular organization by their autonomous power of crawling has
not penetrated far into biological and especially into biochemical thinking.
This is our justification for concentrating on the movement of tissue cells,
including the closely analogous extension of nerve fibres. For the same reason
2 CHAIRMAN’S INTRODUCTION
the response of the locomotory machinery to environmental cues, which governs
the morphogenetic outcome of cell movement, is a natural extension of the
discussion.