Chromosome Numbers for Four Taxa of Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae) from the Nepal Himalaya

2004·0.71 MB·English

by  Gale, Stephan

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ISSN 1346-7S65 ActaPhytotax.Geobot 55(3)2:13-216 (2004)

ShortCommunication

Chromosome Numbers forFour Taxa SaussureaDC. (Asteraceae)
of
from the NepalHimalaya

STEPHAN GALEi', KAZUMI FUJII<AWAi HIDEKI OHBA2
and
iKbehi PiefectunaMlkekinoBotanieatGanten,Godaisan4200-6,Kbchi781-8125,mpan;2Univeitwhiistevt.{,n.

U}iivenyi otf, 7ybhvo ,I'fong o7-3-i B,unlp)o-k u7,bkyo l 13-O033, mpan
Chromosome numbers fbr three taxa of Sat{ssun eDaC. from the Nepal Himaiaya arc rcported here fbr
the fir sttime: S, nqpalensis Spreng .S, taitzxacijbt (iaRoyl DeC). var. glabresce nKs. Fojikawa & H. Ohba
and SL wernerioides Sch, Bip. ex Hook. f were all found to be diploid with 2n=32. Material of S. obvat-
lat a(,DC .E)dgewort1 ial,so collected from Nepal ,yielde dcounts of2n=32, corroborating previou rseports
fbr the species in other part sQf its range.
Key wordsi chromosome number, Nepal Himalaya, SaussuFea
Sdttssure aDC. (Asterac eseanseu) stricto (Raab- As part of ongoing systematic research on the
Straube 2003) comprises ever 375 species of Himalayan species of Sauss:trea ,wc cxamined
unarmed perennia hlerbs with ranges in temperate metaphase chromosomes of four taxa collected
and sub-arctic regions ofEurasia and boreal North from fiv elocaliti eisn eastern Nepal (Tabl 1e,
America (Breme r1994), Thirty-si xspecies are Wakabayashi 1998, Fajikawa 2000, Fu.iikaw a&
currently known from Nepal (Chat e&r Kitamura Omori 2000). Actively growing shoot tips were
1982 ,Ohba & Akiyama 1992, Jeffre &y Srivastavapretreated in O,05% colchicine solution ib r3-4
1997 ,Grierso &n Sprjnga t2e001, Fojikaw a& Ohba hours and then fixe dwith Newcomer's flui din the
2002) ,where the genus forrn as prominent compo- fiel d.The tips were late rcleaned in an alcohol
nent ofthe alpinc and subnival fior tae elevations of series and distill weatder in the lab .Meristcmatic
over 5,500m. tissue was isolat efdrom the tip sand soakcd in a 1 : 1
To date ,chromosome counts have been pub- solution of 2% pectinase and 4% cellulase for up to
lishe dfbr ] 13 members ofthe genus (Fojika &wa 3 hours at 370C. The macerated tissue was then
Ohba 2003, FLljikaw eat al. in press) .However, stained with 2% aceto-orcein fbr 12-l5 hours and
the bulk of these reports (cover isonmeg 80 taxa) squashed, At leas ttwo individua lfsrom each loca-
refer to spccics of Russia, Siberia and East Asia, tion were examined, and a minimum of thrce cells
with counts existing for enly 17 of those tbund in per preparatio nwere counted. All vouchcr speci-
Nepal (Ftijik &a wOhaba 2003), mens are deposited in the herbarium at the
*Author fbr correspondence: Tel. :[phone] Faxi (088 )882-8635, Email :[email protected]
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214 APG wa]1.55

TABLE 1. Chromosome numbers and voucher data for the four taxa efSavfssorrea examined in this study.
Species I.oeality Chremosome specimen
-. Numbe.r C2n)Voucher
SubgenusSaussan'ea
S. nq)cttensis 1 Nepal: Taplcjung District,
Tin Pokhari - Banduke, 4080rn 32 Tateno et at. 9920064
2 Nepal: Taplejung DisLr{ct,

ManeBhaiij},ang-jaljalePokhari,401Om 32 Omori et ai. 9920056
S,taraxaciji)tia 3Nepal:SolukhurnbuDistict,

var. glabreseens Tangnag - Mesom Kharka, 3830m 32 Walcabayash iet al,
9730315
S. werneJ'ioides 4 Nepal: Solukhurnbu District,
uruund Khare, 4740m 32 Wakabayashi et aL
9730277
SubgenusAmphitaena
S. obvaUaki 5 Nepal: Solukhumbu District,
'I'ashing
Dingma - Thuli Kharka, 4050m 32 Wakabayashi et aL
9730356
Universit oyf Tekyo (i'i), tively (longestlsh roatriot =:e 2s.t5) ,whilst those in
the talic propulatio n(loca l2i) wterye 4.3 Fun and 1.8
Counts.fbr thlt)e qfthe texa examined are new: pm (longestlsh roatriot =c s2,t4; averages of three
Sattssure anepatensis Spreng. ,2n==3 2(Fi g1.A & cells for both populations),
IB).Sausszarea
nct)alensis is known from Kashmir to SZiussure ataraxacijblia (Royl eD)C, var. glahi?-
southeast Tibet and Bhutan and is common in scens K. FLijikaw &a H. Ohba, 2n-:3 2(Fi gI,C &
Nepal. Thc species is very variable in Ieaf and lct),Differing
stem characters throughout it srange and may con- from the homotypic variety mainly in its
stitute a complex of closcly related taxa. Plants glabrescent leaves ,var. glabrescens is recorded
from two locatio nwsere examined in this study: fi'o ma few restricted Iocalit iiens eastern Nepal.
those from Tin Pokhar j(loca l1 iitn yTabl e1) com- The longes atnd shortest chromosomes measured 4.4
prised mainly dwarfplant (sste mtos 3cm tall )with pm and i,9 ym respectively, giving a longcst/'short-
only lower rosette leave sup to 6cm in length, est ratio of2.3 (avera gofethsee cells). .SZiussutwa
whereas those at Manc Bhaajyang (local 2i tiny tarctxac(fbti ais otheruJise reported from throughout
Table 1) were predominantl lyong-gtemmed (u pto thc Sino-Himalay arengion and has been observed as
12 cm tall) with widely-spaccd, spreading cauline both caulous and acaulous forms.
leaves up to 16cm in length ,The two populations
were otherwisc similar in flor aclharacters, with an Saussurea i･vernerioides Sch. Bip. ex Hook, £
,
inne rpappus of ]6-20 filamen tasnd 16-18 mm in 2n-32 (Fi g1.D).
iength ,a shorter outer pappus (10-1 m2m), and This species is an acaulous dwarfknown from cast-
involucra lbract sto 16 mm in aength .The longest ern Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. The longes tand
and shoitest chromosomes in the dwarfpopulation shortcst chromosomes measured 4.3pm and 1.7ym
(local 1i) tmeyasured 4,7 pm and 1.9 pm respec- respectively, giving a longest!shor treatsiton of2.5
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Decembcr2004 GALb et atChromosomes of Saus surea trom Nepal Himaldya 215
S ."itkttkg.i
"
C'
FiG 1 Somatic rnetaphase cells ofthc four taxa ofStiussttiea examined in this study A S nqpalenyts (fro Tmin Pokliam locaht 1y
m Tiztb l1e) ,2n=32 B h nE?oalengig (fro mManc Bhailjyang ,loLalit 2y in Table 1) ,2n=32 C & L 5 taiczxa"foka sar
glabtvscen swith diagram ofsdme ccll 2n=32 D S netnenordes, 2n=32 L 6 obvattata, 2n=32 Scale bai=10pm
(avera gofe fsive cells) Counts for the tourth S,att6sur eoahvaltata (DC )
Edgew (2n=3 2F,ig IE), corroborate previous
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reports fbr the species sampled from other parts of H. & L. XNJ .J .Williams. (eds A.n) Enumcration of
it srange in the Sino-Himalay raegion (Shet 1t9y67, the Flowering Plants of Nepal 3: 37-41 ,BTitish
Gupta & Gil l1989 ,Gupta et aL 1989, Arnano & Museum, London.
Ohba 2000, Fojikawa et al. in press) ,The longest FuiikNaewpaa, lK,i.n 2000. AS bshuosrtsu tireiap N.teox rYsalkH. iKmh.arBkoat.. 2W6e:s6t-
qucst of
4.7pm
and shortest chromosomes measured and 7.
1,8pm respectively (longest"sho rrattieos t= 2.6; H. Ikeda ,K. Murata, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakano, &
,
averages of five cclls), Although B chromosomes H. Ohba, In press .Chromosome numbers in 15
were not observcd in the populatio nexamined here, species ofthe genus Sau.gstit' DeCa. (Astcrace aine)
tthheey s pheacivese b e(eFn oobjseiniked eat w aiLan Tiin bperteasns p)o,puiatio nosf -t- shu&eb g HeHni.um sOahlb aEayr.ais o2 ca0on0diT2 }.a ;dTnj iae(wceoA nntsewt ree gsripoeancsci. ees fJai .oreJfo p) Smtnah, euB soNsteu,pralea
Himalaya .Edinb. J .Bot, 59(2) :283-289.
Basic gamctic numbers in the aneuploid series - --- & . 2003. A lis otf chromesome numbers of
x=13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 have been rcported for the Saussttre (aAsterace Naeew)s.l. Him. Bot. 32: 9-
genus Saussurea as a whole (Fujika w&a Ohba 14.
2003 and referenccs therein) and, as such, thc four & Y/ Omori. 2000. A fiel sdurvey in Milke Danda
taxa examined in the presen sttudy are intcrpre taesd a2n6d: 1J-a6].jal eHimal, East Nepal. Ncwsl, Hi'm .Bot.
diploid wsith basic numbers ofx=16. Grierson,A. J,C,& L.S.Springate.2001,Compositae.

Further cytological studies on the Nepali mcm- In :Grierson A,.J.C .and Long, D.G. (ed. sFl)o,ra of
bers of Saussurea ,particula rtlhyc rcmaining 16 Bhutan 2(3) :1397-1632 ,Royal Botanic garden,
species ibr which chromosome counts do not yet Edinburgh and thc Royal Government ofBhutan.
exist, are importan ftor ongoing floris twoirkc in the Ciupt aR,. C. & B. S, Gill ,1989. Cytopalynology ofnorth
region. Chromosome numbers may prove usefu1 in a9n6d- Ic0en5t.ral India nComposjtae ,J. Cytol. Genet. 24:

distinguishi nbegtwccn morphological]y similar ----, & R, K. Garg. I989, Chromosomal con-
specics, and, in combination with molecular cyto- spectus ofwestern Himalaya Compositae A,spect sPl.
genetic techniques, could provid einsight sinto pat- Sci .11: 427-437,
terns of genomic variation among the Hima]ayan Je{1}' eCy., & R. C. Srivastav a1,997, A new spccies of
taxa. Sbussuiw aDC. (Asterace fareo)m Eastcm iHimalaya.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci, India 67: 235-237.
Ohba, II.& S.Akiyama. 1992.Compositae,in:Ohba,H.
TShciise nsttuidfyRi ccwsacsa rpcah(rAtl) tysouHpp.oOr.tefdi'o bmtyh eGJraapnatn-Sionc-icAti ydffborr & S, Ak iy ama. The Alpin cFlor aofthe Jal ja lHeim al,
the Promo tion of S cie nc e ,Rik a Oka bay ash ii sgratef u11y EUansitv eNrespiat lMy. usNeautmu,re Uannidx ,Ceurlsti uotfry e To4k: y6o,3-69, The
acknowledged fbr her help in preparin gthe figures. Raab-Straub eE,. von. 2003, Phylogenet ircclationships in
Sattssttr e(aComposit aCea,rdueac) sensu lato,
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ReceivedAugust4,2004 October6,2004
, accq)ted
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