Chromatography fundamentals and applications of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods: Part A: fundamentals and techniques PDF
Preview Chromatography fundamentals and applications of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods: Part A: fundamentals and techniques
- JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHYILIBRARY volume 22A chromatography fundamentals and applications of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods part A: fundamentals and techniques edited by E. Heitmann Western Regional Research Center, US. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, CA 947 10 ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY Amsterdam - Oxford - New York 1983 ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY Molenwerf 1 P.O. Box 21 1,1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Distributors for the United States and anad8: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. 52, Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017 ISBN 0-444-42043-6( Vol. 22 part A) ISBN 0-444-41616-1( Series) ISBN 0-444-42045-2( Set) 0 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1983 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other- wise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Scientific Publishing 'Company, P.O. Box 330,1000 AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands Printed in The Netherlands TO BRIGITTE List of authors and coauthors ( *) Mr. Edward R. Adlard, Shell Research Ltd., Thornton Research Centre, P.O. Box 1, Chester CH1 3SH, Great Britain (Part B) Dr. Robert P. Bywater, Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Box 175, 5-751 04 Uppsala, Sweden (Part A) Dr. Nicholas Catsimpoolas, Biochemical Research Laboratories, Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 021 18, USA (Part B) Dr. Shirley C. Churms, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa (Part B) Dr. Graham J. Cowling, formerly Department of Biophysics, University of London, King’s College, School of Biologxal Sciences, London WC2B 5RL, Great Britain. Present address: Searle Research & Development, G.D. Searle & Co., Ltd., P.O. Box 53, High Wycombe, Bucks HP12 4H1, Great Britain (Part B) Dr. Carl A. Cramers, Laboratorium voor Instrumentele Analyse, Technische Hogeschool, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands (Part A) Dr. Rodney Croteau, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State Univer- sity, Pullman, WA 99164, USA (Part B) Dr. David H. Dolphin, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1W5 (Part B) Dr. Frans M. Everaerts, Laboratorium voor Instrumentele Analyse, Technische Hogeschool, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands (Part A) Dr. Lawrence Fishbein, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Department of Human Health Services, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA (Part B) Dr. Jeffrey B. Harborne, Department of Botany, Plant Science Laboratories, Univer- sity of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, Great Britain (Part B) Dr. Erich Heftmann, Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA. Home address: 108 Caiion Dr., P.O. Box 928, Orinda, CA 94563, USA (Parts A and B) Dr. Csaba Horvath, Department of Chemical Engineering, Mason Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 2159, New Haven, CT 06520, USA (Part A) Dr. Jaroslav Janak, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, 662 28 Brno, Czechoslovakia (Part B) Dr. Arnis Kuksis, Banting & Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1L6 (Part B) XI1 LIST OF AUTHORS AND COAUTHORS Dr. Thomas Kuster, Med.-chem. Laboratorium, Kinderspital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland (Part B) Dr. Michael Lederer, Institut de chimie minkrale et analytique, FacultC des Sciences, College propkdeutique, Dorigny, CH- 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland (Part B) Dr. Karel Macek, Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czechoslovakia (Part A) * Dr. Harold M. McNair, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA (Part A) * Dr. Nigel V.B. Marsden, Institutionen for Fysiologi och Medicinsk Fysik, Up- psala Universitets Biomedicinska Centrum, Box 572, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden (Part A) * Dr. Wayne R. Melander, Department of Chemical Engineering, Mason Labora- tory, Yale University, P.O. Box 2159, New Haven, CT 06520, USA (Part A) * Dr. F.E.P. Mikkers, Laboratorium voor Instrumentele Analyse, Technische Hogeschool, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands (Part A) * Dr. Alois Niederwieser, Med.-chem. Laboratorium, Kinderspital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland (Part B) * Dr. Robert C. Ronald, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA (Part B) Dr. Raymond P.W. Scott, Instrument Division, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Norwalk, CT 06856, USA (Part A) * Dr. J. Vacik, Department of Physical Chemistry, Charles University, 501 65 Hradec KralovC, Czechoslovakia (Part A) * Dr. Th.P.E.M. Verheggen, Laboratorium voor Instrumentele Analyse, Technische Hogeschool, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands (Part A) Dr. Gerald H. Wagman, Microbiological Strain Laboratory, Schering-Plough Corpo- ration, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA (Part B) Dr. Harold F. Walton, Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309, USA (Part A) * Dr. Marvin J. Weinstein, formerly Microbiological Strain Laboratory, Schering- Plough Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA (Part B) List of abbreviations A ampere (Amp) A Angstrom = lop8c m AC alternating current AE aminoethyl AFID alkali flame-ionization detector AGR anhydroglucose residue ANB 2-amino-5-nitrobenzophenone ASTM American Society for Tesbing and Materials atm atmosphere = 760 Torr BD- cellulose benzoylated DEAE-cellulose t-BDMS t-butyl dimethylsilyl BHT (2,6)-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (butylated hydroxytoluene) b.p. boiling point b.r. boiling range BSA N ,0-bis( trimethylsily1)acetamide BSTFA bis( trimethylsily1)trifluoroacetamide BTT 3-benzyl- 1- p-tolyltriazine C centigrade, Celsius CA cycloamyloses CAM cellulose acetate membrane (electrophoresis) cc cubic centimeter (cm3) cc column chromatography CCD countercurrent distribution CDD chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins CECD Coulson electrolytic conductivity detector Chap. chapter CI chemical ionization CLU crosslinked unit structure CM carboxymethyl cm centimeter conc. concentrated CPm counts per minute C.V. coefficient of variation CZE continuous zone electrophoresis DBM diazobenzyloxymethyl DC direct current DCC droplet countercurrent chromatography DEAE diethylaminoethyl DMSO dimethylsulfoxide DP degree of polymerization DTT di thiothrei to1 XIV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DP degree of polymerization D?T di thiothreit o1 DVS divinylsulf one ECD electron-capture detector ECL effective chain length ECTEOLA epichlorohydrint riethanolamine ED electrochemical detector EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetica cid EHV effective hydrodynamic volume El electron impact ELS electrophoretic light scattering EMIT enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique eqn. equation eV electron-volt FD field desorption FFF field-flow fractionation f g femtogram = 10-l~g FIA fluorescent indicator analysis FID flame-ionization detector fmole femtomole = 10- Is mole ft feet FTIR Fourier transform infrared 8 gram GC gas chromatography GC glass capillary gas chromatography GLC gas-liquid chromatography GPC gel-permeation chromatography GSC gas-solid chromatography h hour HETP height equivalent to a theoretical plate HFB heptafluorobutyryl HI hydrophobic interaction HIC hydrophobic interaction chromatography HIE hydrogen isotope exchange HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography (high-pressure liquid chro- matography) HPTLC high-performance thin-layer chromatography hRF R,X 100 HVE high-voltage electrophoresis IC Ion Chromatography ID inside diameter IF isoelectric focusing in. inches IP Institute of Petroleum IR infrared xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ITLC Instant Thin-Layer Chromatography ITP isotachophoresis v kV kilovolt = 103 1 liter LC liquid chromatography LCC liquid column chromatography LC-EC liquid chromatography electrochemical detector LFER linear free energy relations LLC liquid-liquid chromatography LSC liquid-solid chromatography M molar m meter mA milliampere = A PA microampere = lop6 A MBE moving-boundary electrophoresis m.d.q. minimum detectable quantity ME mercaptoethanol meq milliequivdents = lop3e quivalents Peq microequivdents = equivalents MF mass fragmentography mg milligram = 10-~g Pg microgram = g MID multiple-ion detection min minutes ml milliliter = lop31 Pl microliter = 1 mM millimolar = lop3M mm millimeter = m Ccm micrometer = lop6 m mmole millimole= lop3m ole 1-1m ole micromole = lop6 mole MO methyl oxime mol. molecular mP melting point MS mass spectrometry MSA N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylacetamide msec milliseconds = sec MSTFA N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide MTH methylthiohydantoin MTX methotrexate MU methylene unit v mV millivolt = 10-~ MW molecular weight MZE multiphasic zone electrophoresis N normal XVI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ng nanogram = 10-~g nm nanometer = lop9m nmole nanomole = 10-~m ole NMR nuclear magnetic resonance NPD nitrogen-phosphorus detector OD outside diameter ODS octadecylsilane or octadecylsilyl OPA o-phthalaldehyde PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PC paper chromatography PCA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PCB polychlorinated biphenyls P-cellulose phosphate cellulose PCN pol ychloronaphthalene PCP pentachlorophenol PDM programed multiple development PE paper electrophoresis PEG polyethylene glycol PEI pol ye thyleneimine PEO polyethylene oxides PFB pentafluorobenzyl Pg picogram = lo-’’ g PGE pore-limit gel electrophoresis PI isoelectric point PLC preparative layer chromatography PLOT porous-layer open tubular (columns) pmole picomole = lo-’’ mole PPb parts per billion = parts PPm parts per million = parts PPt parts per trillion = 10- I’ parts psi pounds/sq.in. = 5 1.77 torr PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) PTH phenylt hioh y dan toin RI refractive index R.I. Retention Index RIA radioimmunoassay RRT relative retention time RT retention time SBF separation by flow SCOT support-coated open tubular (columns) S.D. standard deviation SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate SEC size- (or steric) exclusion chromatography sec seconds SFC supercritical-fluid chromatography LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XVII SIM selected-ion monitoring SM sul f omet hy 1 SP sulfopropyl sq. square sss steady state stacking t tertiary TAS thermomicro-transfer-application-separatio(nt echnique) TCA trichloroacetic acid TCD thermal conductivity detector TCDD tetrachlorodibenzodioxins TCP tetrachlorophenol TD thermionic detector TEA thermal energy analyzer TEAB triethylammonium bicarbonate TEAE tetraethylaminoethyl temp. temperature TFA trifluoroacetyl TFG t hermof rac tography THF tetrahydrofuran TLC thin-layer chromatography TLE thin-layer electrophoresis TLG thin-layer gel chromatography TMAH trimethylanilinium hydroxide TMCS trimethylchlorosilane TMS trimethylsilyl TMSDE trimethylsilyldiethylamine Tris tris( hydroxymethy1)aminomethane uv ultraviolet V volt vol. volume vol .p ol. v/v WCOT wall-coated open tubular (columns) wt. weight w/w wt./wt.
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