Christian Warfare in Rhodesia-Zimbabwe: The Salvation Army and African Liberation, 1891-1991

240 Pages·2015·3.78 MB·English

by  Norman H. Murdoch

Christian Warfare
in Rhodesia-Zimbabwe
James Clarke & Co
and
The Lutterworth Press
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Christian Warfare in Rhodesia-Zimbabwe
ISBN: 9780718844318
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Christian Warfare
in Rhodesia-Zimbabwe
The Salvation Army and
African Liberation, 1891–1991
Norman H. Murdoch
Foreword by
N.M. Bhebe
L
The Lutterworth Press
The Lutterworth Press
P.O. Box 60
Cambridge
CB1 2NT
United Kingdom
www.lutterworth.com
[email protected]
ISBN: 978 0 7188 9411 5
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A record is available from the British Library
First published by The Lutterworth Press, 2015
Copyright © Norman H. Murdoch, 2015
Published by arrangement
with Pickwick Publications
All rights reserved. No part of this edition may be reproduced, stored
electronically or in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise, without prior written permission from the
Publisher ([email protected]).
to
Corps sergeant major Jonah blessing matsvetu,
the salvationists of Zimbabwe,
and the missionaries in “the bush.”
Corps Sergeant Major Jonah Blessing Matsvetu, with Mrs Matsvetu, on the occasion
of his receiving the Salvation Army Certificate in Recognition of Exceptional
Service. According to Salvation Army Regulations, “the Certificate in Recognition of
Exceptional Service is awarded by the territorial commander after full consideration
by an appropriate council, to Salvationists (officers and soldiers) and friends whose
work in and for The Salvation Army is outstanding in length or quality, unusual in
nature and of particular benefit to the Territory.”
Contents
Illustrations | ix
Editorial Note | xi
Foreword | xiii
Preface | xv
Acknowledgments (2014) | xxi
Norman Murdoch as Colleague, Historian and Teacher | xxiii
Norman Murdoch, Historian of The Salvation Army | xxvii
Chapter 1
Christian and Cultural Warfare in rhodesia/Zimbabwe,
1890–1990 | 1
Chapter 2
The salvation army invades mashonaland, 1891–95 | 8
Chapter 3
The first Chimurenga (1896–97) and the death of Captain Cass | 21
Chapter 4
rhodes and booth: “Wholesale salvation,” 1901–8 | 36
Chapter 5
father and son in 1908: “my dear General”—“my dear Chief” | 53
Chapter 6
The salvation army and the rhodesian state, 1908–65 | 89
Chapter 7
Colonial, Conciliar, and Communist forces Collide,
1950s and 1960s | 109
Chapter 8
Paying the Piper, Calling the tune: a salvation army Power shift,
1970–78 | 118
Chapter 9
Conciliar movements and The salvation army, 1970–78 | 131
Chapter 10
The Program to Combat racism and the salvation army reaction,
1969–78 | 140
Chapter 11
The 1978 deaths at Usher institute | 149
Chapter 12
salvation army reaction to the Usher Killings, 1978–83 | 158
Chapter 13
african salvationists react to the salvation army’s Withdrawal from
the World Council of Churches, 1981 | 173
Chapter 14
Conclusions | 183
Epilogue | 199
Bibliography | 203
Illustrations
Captain edward Cass (22)
survivors of the party who took refuge at the alice mine and of the relief
forces sent to escort them to safety. mrs Cass third from left in front row.
major John Pascoe seated atop the wagon (26)
Cass memorial beside road in mazowe Valley (27)
nehanda nyakasikana (c.1840–98) as a prisoner after the Chimurenga
(29)
Cecil John rhodes portrayed on stamp to mark 50th anniversary of Pio-
neer Column (37)
William and bramwell booth motoring, circa 1907 (54)
Leander starr Jameson. Cartoon by ‘spy’ from Vanity fair, 9 april 1896
(61)
abe bailey. Cartoon by ‘spy’ from Vanity fair, 9 september 1908 (61)
Local salvationists holding an open-air meeting in a village, 1930s (93)
salvation army congress meeting near howard institute in the late 1930s
(94)
homecraft class and women Cadets at howard institute, late 1930s (98)
school prefects at howard institute, late 1930s (98)
open-air lesson at a village school, 1930s (99)
ian douglas smith as a federation of rhodesia and nyasaland mP, in the
late 1950s (113)
robert mugabe and Josiah tongogara in rhodesian Government propa-
ganda leaflet produced in the late 1970s (123)
Joshua mqabuko nkomo (124)
ix
rev. Philip Potter, General secretary of the World Council of Churches
(146)
General eva burrows visits the grave of sharon swindells and Lieut. diane
Thompson in 1987 (156)
Commissioner Paul Kaiser presenting classroom maps to howard second-
ary school, 1977, with Lieut. Linda schearing and headmaster Lemuel C.
tsikirayi (159)
Group of retired salvation army officers at mazowe with Commissioner
richard atwell and mrs doris atwell. in the centre of the group is major
Leonard Kirby o.f. and top right, major ben Gwindi, both then aged over
ninety (160)
General arnold brown (165)