Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 18. The Ottoman Empire (1800-1914)

1064 Pages·2021·5.828 MB·English

by  Edited by David Thomas and John Chesworth with Lejla Demiri, Claire Norton, Douglas Pratt, Umar Ryad, Carsten Walbiner

Christian-Muslim Relations
A Bibliographical History
History of
Christian-Muslim
Relations
Editorial Board
Jon Hoover (University of Nottingham)
Sandra Toenies Keating (Providence College)
Tarif Khalidi (American University of Beirut)
Suleiman Mourad (Smith College)
Gabriel Said Reynolds (University of Notre Dame)
Mark Swanson (Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago)
David Thomas (University of Birmingham)
Volume 44
Christians and Muslims have been involved in exchanges over matters of faith and morality
since the founding of Islam. Attitudes between the faiths today are deeply coloured by the
legacy of past encounters, and often preserve centuries-old negative views.
The History of Christian-Muslim Relations, Texts and Studies presents the surviving record
of past encounters in a variety of forms: authoritative, text editions and annotated transla-
tions, studies of authors and their works and collections of essays on particular themes and
historical periods. It illustrates the development in mutual perceptions as these are contained
in surviving Christian and Muslim writings, and makes available the arguments and rhetorical
strategies that, for good or for ill, have left their mark on attitudes today. The series casts light
on a history marked by intellectual creativity and occasional breakthroughs in communica-
tion, although, on the whole beset by misunderstanding and misrepresentation. By making
this history better known, the series seeks to contribute to improved recognition between
Christians and Muslims in the future.
A number of volumes of the History of Christian-Muslim Relations series are published
within the subseries Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History.
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/hcmr
Christian-Muslim Relations
A Bibliographical History
Volume 18. The Ottoman Empire (1800-1914)
Edited by
David Thomas and John Chesworth
with Lejla Demiri, Claire Norton, Douglas Pratt, Umar Ryad,
Carsten Walbiner
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2021
Cover illustration: An ancient Byzantine church in Thessalonikí. It was converted into
a mosque in 1500, and converted back into a church in 1912, with the dedication to St
Panteleimon. Detail of postcard Salonique – Eglise St-Pateleimon (Visé Paris No 59, dated
before 1919), courtesy of The Byzantine Legacy; https://www.thebyzantinelegacy.com/
panteleimon-thessaloniki
The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at https://lccn.
loc.gov/2009029184
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brill-typeface.
ISSN 1570-7350
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CONTENTS
Foreword  ........................................................................................................ x
List of Illustrations and Maps  .................................................................. xv
Abbreviations  ............................................................................................... xvii
Umar Ryad, Introduction: The Ottoman Empire in the
19th century  ..................................................................................................... 1
Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Syriac literature and
Muslim-Christian relations under the Ottomans, 16th-19th centuries  ... 27
Barbara Henning and Taisiya Leber, Print culture and
Muslim-Christian relations  ........................................................................ 39
Florian Krobb, Framing Muslim fanaticism at the end of the
19th century. German accounts of the Mahdist uprising  ...................... 63
Works on Christian-Muslim relations 1800-1914  ................................. 81
Anatolia and South Eastern Europe  ......................................................... 83
Molla Mustafa Bašeskija Kerima Filan  ......................... 85
Işkodravî Necmettin Kızılkaya  ........... 91
Şaban Kâmî Efendi Âmidî Ayşe İçöz  ................................ 95
Pertev Edhem Paşa Emine Nurefşan Dinç  ......... 100
Hacı Abdi Petricî Lejla Demiri  .......................... 105
Harputlu Ishak Efendi M. Sait Özervarlı  .................. 110
Mustafa Şevket Ayşe İçöz  ................................ 115
Ibrāhīm Faṣīḥ al-Ḥaydarī Mehmet Karabela  ................ 118
Namık Kemal Michelangelo Guida  ........... 122
Ahmed Şükrizâde Ali Haydar Serkan Ince  ........................... 127
İbnü’r-Reşâd Ali Ferruh Serkan Ince  ........................... 131
Sırrı Paşa Girîdî Ayşe İçöz  ................................ 135
Ahmet Mithat Efendi Scott Rank  ............................. 138
Sava Pasha Ferhat Koca  ........................... 154
Lewis Wallace Amina Nawaz  ....................... 163
Abdullah Edib Bayramzâde Lejla Demiri and Serkan
Ince  .......................................... 176
vi Contents
Bosnian discussions concerning Dženita Karić  ........................ 179
hijra
Halil Halid Refik Bürüngüz ..................... 186
Tevfikîzâde İsmail Tevfik Matthew Sharp  ..................... 195
Ahmed Kemal İlkul Serkan Ince  ........................... 201
Mahmud Esad ibn Emin Seydişehrî Serkan Ince  ........................... 204
Hasan Sabri Lejla Demiri and Serkan
Ince  .......................................... 225
ʿAbd al-Aḥad Dāwūd Betül Avcı  ............................... 229
Celal Nuri İleri Lejla Demiri and Serkan
Ince  .......................................... 237
Mehmed Esad Serkan Ince  ........................... 246
Sırât-ı Müstakîm Serkan Ince  ........................... 250
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Jāwīsh Selva Yildirim  ........................ 257
Turkish State Archives Serkan Ince  ........................... 267
Hohannes Kara Krikorian Elif Tokay  ............................... 273
Greater Syria and environs ......................................................................... 287
Būlus ibn Ilyās Sarjoun Karam  ..................... 289
The ‘Incident of the martyrs’ in Feras Krimsti  ......................... 295
Aleppo (1818)
Fatḥallāh al-Ṣāyigh Johann Buessow and Lisa
Wolfgarten-Kolmorgen  ....... 307
Maksīmūs Maẓlūm Ronney el Gemayel  ............. 321
Buṭrus Karāma and other poets of Hilary Kilpatrick  .................. 330
the Khāliyya controversy
The 1850 Uprising in Aleppo Feras Krimsti  ......................... 337
Aḥmad Fāris al-Shidyāq Rana Issa  ................................ 351
Nuʿmān al-Alūsī Mahmoud Nagah Khalaf  .... 356 
Rizqallāh Ḥassūn Souad Abouelrousse Slim  ... 360
John Wortabet Carsten Walbiner  ................. 367
The massacre in Damascus, July 1860 Feras Krimsti  ......................... 378
Kitāb yashtamil ʿalā ajwibat ahl Carsten Walbiner  ................. 407
al-kanīsa
Nawfal Niʿmat Allāh Nawfal Caleb McCarthy  ................... 411
Rushayd al-Daḥdāḥ Carsten Walbiner  ................. 415
Jirjī Yannī Souad Abouelrousse Slim  ... 421
Khrisṭūfūrus Jibāra Carsten Walbiner  ................. 428
Christian Arab prophecies Carsten Walbiner  ................. 448
on the doom of Islam,
16th-19th centuries
Contents vii
Bāsīliyūs Khirbāwī Carsten Walbiner  ................. 456
Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-Tannīr Ahmed Ragab
Abdelhay  ................................ 467
Luwīs Shaykhū Rafaël Herzstein  ................... 475
Egypt, Sudan and the Arabian Peninsula  ............................................... 483
Yūsāb, bishop of Jirja and Akhmīm Joseph Faragalla  ................... 485
Jawād ibn Ibrāhīm Sābāṭ Nile Green  ............................. 489
Al-Shawkānī Awad Al-Nahee  .................... 495
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn al-Shaykh Umar Ryad and Mohammed
 Ḥamad ibn Nāṣir Ᾱl Muʿammar Gamal Abdelnour  ................ 500
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Jabartī Ibrahim Gemeah  ................. 505
Rifāʿa Rāfiʿ al-Ṭahṭāwī ̄ Daniel L. Newman  ............... 512
Muḥammad ʻAyyād al-Ṭanṭāwi Mohammed Sayed  .............. 522
Muḥammad al-Ṭayyibī Mohamed A. Moustafa  ....... 528
Muḥammad ibn ʿIllīsh Muhammad al-Marakeby ... 535
Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī Ahab Bdaiwi  ......................... 540
Muḥammad al-Mahdī Ömer Koçyiğit  ...................... 548
ʿAlī l-Baḥrānī Umar Ryad  ............................. 555
Muḥammad Zakī l-Dīn Sanad Elsayed Z. Abuamer  ............ 559
Buṭrus Dinyāsiyūs Joseph Faragalla  ................... 563
Aḥmad Shafīq Pasha Elmozfar Kotoz Ahmed  ..... 566
Comboni Fathers and Comboni Jaco Beyers  ............................ 571
Missionary Sisters
Hasan Hüsnü Toyrânî Lejla Demiri  .......................... 580
Muḥammad Ḥasan Faraḥāt Umar Ryad  ............................. 585
Muḥammad Ḥabīb Wael Hegazy  ......................... 587
Al-Tamīmī l-Darī Simon A. Wood and Abla
Hasan  ...................................... 590
Yūsif ʿAṭiyya Deanna Ferree Womack  .... 597
Yaʿqūb Nakhla Hiroko Miyokawa  ................ 604
Aḥmad Zakī Pasha Elmozfar Kotoz Ahmed  ..... 613
Ḥannā Maqār Joseph Faragalla  ................... 618
Muḥammad Bakhīt al-Muṭīʿī Junaid Quadri  ....................... 622
Ṣubḥī Qūnyāwī Ossama A.S. Abdelgawwad
and Mohamed A.
Moustafa  ................................ 628
Nīqūlā Ghabriyāl Simon A. Wood and Abla
Hasan  ...................................... 636
Mikhāʾīl ʿAbd al-Sayyid Michael Ghattas  ................... 645
Muḥammad ʿAbduh Ammeke Kateman  .............. 651
viii Contents
Faraḥ Anṭūn Marco Demichelis  ............... 664
Yūsuf ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Yūsuf Amal Ghazal  ......................... 670
al-Nabhānī
ʿAlī Aḥmad al-Jirjāwī Ines Soussou  ......................... 675
Muṣṭafā l-Ghalāyīnī Ali Mohamed  ........................ 680
Iskandar Effendi ʿAbd al-Masīḥ Umar Ryad  ............................. 685
al-Bājūrī
Nūr al-Dīn al-Sālimī Valerie J. Hoffman  ............... 692
Temple Gairdner Michael T. Shelley  ................ 702
ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥusaynī Carsten Walbiner  ................. 734
Arthur Thomas Upson Serkan Ince  ........................... 745
Cairo Study Centre Michael T. Shelley  ................ 760
Yūsuf al-Dijwī Mahmoud Ali Gomaa
Afifi  .......................................... 768
Muḥammad Tawfīq Ṣidqī Umar Ryad  ............................. 783
Nile Mission Press Michael T. Shelley and
John Chesworth  ................... 795
Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā Umar Ryad  ............................. 801
Aḥmad ʿAlī l-Malījī l-Kutubī Mariam M. Shehata and Umar
Ryad ......................................... 825
Muḥammad ʿAlī Mohamed A. Moustafa  ...... 832
Maghreb  ......................................................................................................... 837
al-Ghazzāl Nabil Matar  ........................... 839
Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān al-Miknāsī Nabil Matar  ........................... 844
Abū l-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī l-Tusūlī Mahammed Bouabdallah  ... 853
Ferdinand Christian Ewald Carsten Walbiner  ................. 858
Emir Abdel Kader Tim Winter  ............................ 867
Sulaymān al-Ḥarāʾirī Muhammad al-Marakeby ... 875
Muḥammad al-Ḥashāyishī Elmozfar Kotoz Ahmed  ..... 880
Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf Aṭfiyyash Valerie J. Hoffman  ............... 884
Ismaÿl Urbain Roland Laffitte and Naïma
Lefkir-Laffitte  ........................ 901
Māʾ al-ʿAynayn Arjan Post  .............................. 913
Jaʿfar ibn Idrīs al-Kattānī Mahammed Bouabdallah  ... 919
Muḥammad Bayram V Abdullah Ibrahim Omran  ... 925
Charles Lavigerie Diego Sarrió Cucarella  ....... 934
French officials in Algeria Kamel Chachoua, Alain
Messaoudi and John
Chesworth  ............................. 959
Contents ix
Isabelle Eberhardt Renée Champion  ................. 978
Charles de Foucauld Barbara Bürkert-Engel  ........ 997
Contributors  ................................................................................................. 1003
Index of Names  ............................................................................................ 1015
Index of Titles  ............................................................................................... 1031
FOREWORD
David Thomas
The Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, including its Turkish-speaking
heartlands, its possessions in South Eastern Europe and its Arabic-speaking
territories in the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa,
was the setting for one of the most active periods of engagement in
the entire history of Christian-Muslim relations. It ranks alongside the
ʿAbbasid Empire in the early Middle Ages, in whose great cities Muslims
and Christians passionately debated the meaning of monotheism in a
shared language and rational framework, and alongside the schools and
monasteries of Western Europe in the later Middle Ages, where scholars
attempted reasoned refutations of Islam and indulged in tirades against
the person of Muḥammad and the Qur’an. At a time when the Ottoman
Empire’s grasp on its broad domains was loosening and European inter-
ests in its land and resources were growing, it provided the location for
disputes over theological and legal questions that reached back to distant
times, as well as manoeuvrings among Western powers about political and
commercial influence over Muslim rulers and officials, local resentment
at the appearance of alien cultural practices that offended traditional
Islam, and armed uprisings against attempts by Europeans to seize and
control territory.
Through the course of the 19th century, what unity and central author-
ity remained in the Ottoman Empire steadily ebbed away. Greece won
independence early on, and the Balkan possessions constantly strained
for their freedom. Egypt was effectively independent, and the North
African coastal territories were too far from Istanbul for effective control.
The sultan was still acknowledged as ruler, and in his position as caliph he
remained the symbolic leader of the Islamic world, but it was known that
his real say extended no further than parts of Anatolia and the Levant.
Although the empire had not yet been diagnosed as ‘the sick man of
Europe’ in so many words, few mistook the symptoms of its infirmity.
Over the course of the 19th century, European pressure on a succession of
sultans forced them to grant concessions over large parts of their domains.
In these areas, representatives of European governments, backed by force
where necessary, promoted their own masters’ interests and governed in
the ways they knew. Their application of their own administrative and