Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology

535 Pages·1990·43.9 MB·English

by  Thomas Curry

fourth edition

Christensen's
Phsicosf
y
DiagnosRtaidci olog
y
THOMASS .C URRYI lMl.,D .
ProfeosfRs aodri olUongiyv,e rosfTi etxya s
SouthweMsetdeircCnae ln taetDr a llas
andP arkland MHeomsopriitaall
JAMESE .D OWDEYP,h .D.
AssocPiraotfee osfRs aodri ol(oPghyy sics),
SouthweMsetdeirncC aeln taetDr a llas
andP arklMaenmdo rHioaslp ital
ROBERCT. M URRYJ,r P.h,. D.
AssocPiraotfee osfRs aodri ol(oPghyy sics)
SouthweMsetdeirncC aeln taetDr a llas
andP arklMaenmdo rHioaslp ital
4thE dition
William&s W ilkins
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ThomasS .C urryI IIJ,a mesE .D owdeyR,o berCt. M urryJ,r .
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Reve.d .o f:C hristensiennt'rso ducttoit ohnep hysiocfs
diagnosrtaidci oglyo.3 rde d.IT homasS .C urryI IIJ,a mesE .
DowdeyR,o berCt. M urryJ,r .1 984.
Includbeisb liograprheifcearle nces.
ISBN0 -8121-1310-1
l.D iagnosRiasd,i oscioc.p 2.M edicaplh ysicIs..D owdeyJ,a mesE .
IIM.u rryR,o berCt. IIIC.h ristenEsdewn,a rdE .,1 929-
Introducttioto hne p hysiocfsd iagnosrtaidci ologIyV..T itle.
V.T itlPeh:y siocfsd iagnosrtaidci ology.
[DNLM:I .P hysic2s..R adiograph3y.R. a diolog4y.T. e chnology,
Radioglioc.W N 110C 976c]
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MISSW INN
VAUDA
BARBARA

PREFACE
Why a newe ditioofna physibcoso k?t hea mazintge chnolaovgayi laabnldel ,e t
Physidcose sn otc hangeB.u to uru nder­thep hysicwiosrtr y abtohuett e chnidcea­l
standianngd u seo fp hysiccosn tinuteos t ails.
develop. Ino urq uesttoi ncluidnef ormattihoant
The competernatd iolomguissttk now shoulbde k nowna,n dr educteh ea mount
somethianbgo utth ep hysiocfsd iagnosttihca nte edn otb ek nownw,e havei nt his
imaginTgh.e toughq uestiiosne xactleyd itieolni minattheemd a terioanlc opying
whatp hysischso ultdh er adiolokgnioswt radiograapnhds s ubtracttieocnh niques.
tof uncticoonm petenitnlt yh ee nvironW­e haver educetdh ea mounotf i nforma­
tioonn c inefluorograanpdhn yo n-image­
menti nw hichhe fi ndsh imselAfs.w e sit
intensiflfiueodr oscoapnyd,c onsolidated
ino url itrtoloem i nD allaansd p ondetrh is
fluoroscoipmiacg inagn dr ecordiinngta o
questiwoen r ealitzhea wte wilfla itlo i n­
singclhea pt.eS reveraarle assu,c ahs a tten­
cludien formattihoanst h oulbde k nown,
uatioann dg ridasn db eamr estricrteo­rs,
and undoubtedwley w ililn cludseo me
maine ssentiuanlclhya ngeIdno. t hearr eas
thintghsa nte edn otb ek nownI.ti so bvious
weh avet rietdou pdatteh em ateritaoil n ­
thaotn ei ndividiusua nll iketloby e come
dicanteew t echlnoogyT.h esaer eaisn clude
andr emaiann e xperitnp hysiacnsd t ech­
x-ragye nerators (sodleivdi-csetxsae)t­,e
nologpyl,u dsi agnositmiacg inTgh.e rei s
rograp(hlyi quid tCoTn secra)n,n e(rfsa st­
justto om ucht ol earinn e achfi elda,n d
imagintge chnoloagnydu) l traso(ucnodl or
learniendf ormatbieocno meosb solettoeo
DopplerO)b.v ioustlhye,n eedeadd dition
fasWte. a pplautdh ed eveloping trend that
wasi nM RI,a nda newc haptwears a dded
pairasr adioloagnidas r ta diolopghiycs icitsote xpantdh itso pic.
asa teamt haptr ovidtehsem aximump a­ We certaianplpyr ecitahtepe o sitirvee­
tiebnte nefiftr omd iagnositmiacg insgt ud­sponsteo t hitse xta,n dh opet hec urrent
iesT.h uso,u rg oails n ott ot urnr adioloe­ditiwoinl clo ntintuoefi llt hen eedso f
gistisn top hysicibsuttsr ,a thetro a llowr adiolorgeys ideanntdss tudetnetc hnolo­
radiologtious ntdse rstaanndda ppreciagties ts.
DallaTse,x as ThomasS .C urryI,I I
JamesE. D owd ey
RoberCt. M urry
vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Anotheerd itiiosna boutw rappedu p, selvferso mt hed emandasn di nvasioofns
causinugs o ncea gaitno r efleocnt t hoseo thearc ademaincd c linirceaslp onsibilities
who contribustoem du cht imea ndt alentf.o rs everamlo nthsT.h e understanding
Ourf rienadtsE .Id.u Pontd eN emours ands upporotfo urf rienadnsd c olleagues
andC ompanyE,a stmaKno dakC ompany,w as absolutsepleyc taculaanrd, t hisa t­
andP hilipMse dicaSly stemcso ntinuteod temptto s ayt hinkwsi lfla lfla rs horotf t he
offesru pport. genuine affweech toilodfn o re acho ft hese
MartyB urgionn cea gaipnr epareadl ls plendid indiWvei dcuaannl asm.e o nlya
then ewi llustraatnidoi nnst,r oducuestd o few,a ndc hosteo s ingoluet t hosweh ow ere
thew onderosf c omputegrr aphicMsa.r ty mostd irectilnyc onvenienbceecda usoef
didm uchm oret hand raw tphiec turSehse. oura bsencIen. t hep hysidcse partment,
spentti meh elpinugsi mprovaen dr efineg raduastteu denTtosm LaneT,i m Black­
manyo ft hei llustrateisopnesc,i atlhloys eb urna,n dJ eromeG onzalepsr oviderde ­
dealiwnigt he lectroannidcM sR I.W e rec­searcehf foarntd c ritirceavli eowf m anu­
ognizaen da pprecihaetrec onsidertaabll­es cripOtusr.f rienJdo,h nM oorec,o ntinued
enta ndk indness. toc omeu pw itihd eaasn ds uggestiOounrs .
An amazinsgt rokoef goodf ortunes enior resiidned nitasg nostriadci ology
guideadr emarkabilned ividtuoa lo puhro ­ mustb et hem ostu nderstandriensgi dents
tographdye partmenOtn.l ya feww eeks int hec osmosT.h e sevewnh of unctioned
aftesrh ej oineodu rd epartment, Claiunad nie ax emplamrayn nerd urintgh es even
Wylieh ad assumed responsfiobrai ll­imtoyn ths twheerye b einggi velni ttaltet en­
mosta lolu rp hotograpshuipcp orCtl.a u­tiofn romt heiars signsetda frfa diologist
diat ookg reapti cturbeust,h ere ffodritd wereD rsL.o rWia tumull,JFilme ckenstein,
nots topt hereS.h eo rganiztehde e ntireT om FletcheCrh,r istiPnaeg e,D iane
book,c haptebry chaptearn,d s erveads TwickleMra,r kG irsona,n dB rianB rue­
liaisboent weetnh ea uthorasn da rtiasst ningA.l lo urr esideanrtesw onderful peo­
additions, altaenrdac toirornesc,t iroen­sp leO.u r colleagoune tsh et eachisntga ff
quireadt tentiTohnee. n ormouasm ounotf continuweidt ht heiern thusiassutpipco rt
timea ndd edication Claudiaw apsr oavnidde endc ouragemeDnrts..H elenR edman
oneo ft hed elightsfuurlp riosneesh opes andG eorgeM illearb sorbemdo sto ft he
forb uts eldofmi ndTsh.a nky ou,C laudiai.n creasceldi niwcoarlk c ausebdy t hef re­
Thist extboioskm ade possibblye t he quentu navailaboiflT i.tSy. CD.r s.G eor­
entirDee partmeonftR adiologUyn,i ver­gianGai bsoann dB ilElr dmanh elpewdi th
sitoyfT exasS outhwestMeerdni caCle nterc liniMcRaIl i nformatainodni llustrations,
atD allaEsv.e rythiinngt hiesd itihoans asd idD rsH.o rtonSoe tiawaannd R ebecca
beenp reparebdy a physicainsdta radi­HarreilnlC T andU ltrasouWned .m ust
ologissitt tiantga longt ablteo c omposem entiotnh osfea culmteym berwsh or eally
andr evitshee m anuscritpotg eth.Ie trw as helpewdi the ncouragemewnhte nt hings
necessafroyrt hea uthotrosd istantchee m-didn'gto smooth.l Tyhesei ncludDer s.
ix