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Chomsky For Beginners PDF

162 Pages·2007·62.443 MB·English
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DAVID COGSWELL ILLUSTRATED BY PAUL GORDON For Beginners LLC 155 Main Street, Suite 211 Danbury, CT 06810 USA www.forbeginnersbooks.com Text: © 1996 David Cogswell Illustrations: © 1996 Paul Gordon Cover Design: Terrie Dunkelberger and Paul Gordon Text Design: Paul Gordon All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. A For Beginners® Documentary Comic Book Originally published by Writers and Readers, Inc. Copyright © 1996 Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress eISBN: 978-1-939994-01-1 For Beginners® and Beginners Documentary Comic Books® are published by For Beginners LLC. v3.1 O!JlJDu@dJ(l!J<SDll@!Jll .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 "Noam WHO?'' ............................................................................................. 2 Why haven't you heard of "the most important intellectual alive'? ... 3 Chomsky's two careers ............................................................................ 7 'lf(ijj@ ~0@ @!Jll <5[ijj@IJUi)0~~ B ffio@~~fP[ijjocs~o 0~@t1cs[ijj ........... 9 Growing up during the Depression ..................................................... 10 His uncle's Kiosk in New York ................................................................. 12 College drop out ........................................................................................ 15 On a kibbutz in Israel ................................................................................ 17 Speaking out against Vietnam ............................................................ 19 ~@ 0[ijj@G!J0dJ@170 @!} @Lj~!Jllt10~ fJ!Jllt1@cs@@]@!Jllt10 t1@ ~@ 'lf(ijjoUil~D!Jll~@!} C5Gu@OUi)0~ ................. 22 Plato ............................................................................................................. 22 Rene Descartes ...................................................................................... 23 Jean Jacques Rousseau ...................................................................... 28 Wilhelm von Humboldt ............................................................................. 31 Karl Marx ................................................................................................... 33 George Orwell .......................................................................................... 36 The anarchist tradition ........................................................................ 42 Zellig Harris ............................................................................................... 42 A note to the Reader ............................................................................. 44 OIJrnC50000lfD<S0 ............................................................................................. 45 What is Linguistics? ............................................................................... 45 The evolution of Linguistics ................................................................. 46 Linguistics as a science ......................................................................... 51 Universal generative grammar ........................................................... 54 Evidence that generative grammar is innate ............................... 55 Is grammar learnable? .......................................................................... 58 The infinite variety of language ........................................................... 61 What is the nature of the original state? ..................................... 63 Chomsky on Skinner and Behaviorism ............................................ 65 i1J@8JGW @@GW0~~ ~w@J Qflu@ ~13GDB~ @ou '\7@ 0<EIJL<Ev<E 0<E<E ~ '\7@@1 ~ou@l ~@~[i'f? ............................... 69 Necessary Illusions: The science of propaganda ....................................... 70 What is the function of the Media in a Democratic Society? ................ 71 Engineering consent ............................................................................................. 74 Walter Lippman ....................................................................................................... 75 Reinhold Neibuhr .................................................................................................... 76 Recap of Chomsky's view ...................................................................................... 77 The Targets of Propaganda ................................................................................ 78 The Threat of Democracy ................................................................................... 80 How does "ownership determine content"'?- The Propaganda Model .... 82 Filter #1: MONEY-"The Media of Influence" ............................................. 83 Filter #2: ADVERTISING-How does that distort the news? ............ 87 Filter #3: "EXPERTS"-Who do they work for. .. and why do the same ones keep popping up? .......................................................................................... 91 Filter #4: "FLAK''-Who writes all those Letters-to-the-Editor? ............ 94 Filter #5: ANTI-COMMUNISM-creating a Bogeyman .................................. 96 Concision: How "sound bites" are used to kill opposing viewpoints ..... 97 Keeping the herd in line ........................................................................................ 98 Don't take Chomsky's word for it-check it out yourself! ...................... 99 What are they hiding? ........................................................................................ 101 CPGQlll]OCSf3 .............................................................................. CS~@GW0l~ @OD 103 Chomsky's first hand experience with The Censor ................................... 103 Why doesn't the news compute? ................................................................... 105 The myth of the Classless Society .............................................................. 106 The myth of the Free Market system ........................................................... 110 Welfare for the Rich-How it works ................................................................. 111 Uncle Newt's double standard ......................................................................... 116 "National Defense is a sick joke." ..................................................................... 117 Colonialism, then and now .................................................................................. 118 Foreign Policy: Friendly Dictators and Client States ........................... 120 The real New World Order-how it started ............................................... 121 The real objective of the New World Order ................................................ 122 "Corporate interests"f'American interests" ........................................... 124 History-one or two things they forgot to tell you ............................ 127 Coming home to roost ........................................................................................ 137 @@LW0~d7 @Oil [;[l~ou~ I:&J~~~ ~ &Jou Gou@ [;)@u0@0D8®'E? ....... ..139 Taking Responsibility-What can one person do? ................................... 139 Intellectual self-defense ................................................................................... 140 Knowledge and information OIUJ130WOI.3W wOODu ................................................. [Ik~)i:Duuu C5lli@uuu0~ 142 0[,(]G(].L3. ............................................................................................................................... 153 AC -- After the Cataclysm, Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman, 1979, South End Press. APNM --American Power and the New Mandarins, Noam Chomsky, 1967, 1969, Pantheon. ATS -- Aspects of The Theory of Syntax, Noam Chomsky, 1965, MIT press. CR -- The Chomsky Reader, ed. Richard Peck, 1987, Pantheon Books. DD -- Deterring Democracy, Noam Chomsky, 1991, 1992, Hill and Wang. ESP -- Equality and Social Policy, Noam Chomsky, 1978, University of Illinois Press. FRS --For Reasons of State, Noam Chomsky, 1970, 1971, 1972, Pantheon. FT -- The Fateful Triangle, Noam Chomsky, 1983, South End Press. INT -- Interview with Noam Chomsky, Sept. 14, 1993, David Cogswell L&P -- Language and Politics, by Noam Chomsky, 1988, Black Rose Books. MC -- Manufacturing Consent, Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, 1988, Pantheon Books. MCF -- Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media. A film by Mark Achbar and Peter Wintonick in association with the Canadian Film ... Nl -- Necessary Illusions, Noam Chomsky, 1989, South End Press. NCZM --Noam Chomsky writing in Z Magazine. PE -- Pirates and Emperors, Noam Chomsky, 1986, Amana Books. PD --"The Panama Deception," a film by the Empowerment Project, 1992. RC --Rethinking Camelot, Noam Chomsky, 1993, South End Press. TNCW -- Towards a New Cold War, Essays on the current crisis and how we got there, Noam Chomsky, 1982, Pantheon. TT -- Turning the Tide, Noam Chomsky, 1985, South End Press. WC -- The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism, Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman, 1979, South End Press. WUS -- What Uncle Sam Really Wants, Noam Chomsky, 1986-92, Odonian Press. Y5 -- Year 501, Noam Chomsky, 1993, South End Press. Editor's note: Actual quotes by Chomsky are denoted with quotation marks and abbreviations indicating the source of the quote. [\oam Chomsky is one of the ten most-quoted writers of all time. The Chicago Tribune has called Professor Chomsky 11the most cited living author. .. adding that among intellectual luminaries of all eras, he ranks eighth, just behind Plato and Sigmund Freud. , I "To confront a mind that radically alters our perception of the world is one of life's most unsettling, yet liberating experiences," ... writes James Peck in the Introduction to The Chomsky Reader. "In all American history, no one's writings are more unsettling than Noam Chomsky's.... No intellectual tradition quite captures his voice .... No party claims him; he is a spokesman for no ideology." And the Mother of American newspapers, The New York Times, called Noam Chomsky "arguably the mo5t important intellectual alive." In the 1990s, this is still the most frequent response to the mention of the name of Noam Chomsky, a mild-mannered professor of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2 (Why, you might wonder, have so many of us never heard of someone so "famous?" Is this the ultimate Yogi-Berra-ism-He's so famous no one's ever heard of him?) The reason you haven't heard If too many people lis much about Noam Chomsky ten open-mindedly to what (which, by the way, is a Chomsky has to say about demonstration in action of huge corporations running his thesis that the Media the country, the world, both manipulates /dis- political parties, and the torts/withholds Major Media ... why, information to the whole ginger- suit their own bread fantasy ers) is because we've been fed the gentlemen about America who own the might vanish like Major Media the Emperor's don't want you clothes. to know about Noam Chomsky. 3

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