Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology PDF
Preview Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology
Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY Editorial Board: Jan Bures Institute of Physiology, Prague, Czechoslovakia Irwin Kopin National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland Bruce McEwen Rockefeller University, New York, New York James McGaugh University of California, Irvine, California Karl Pribram Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California Jay Rosenblatt Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey Lawrence Weiskrantz University of Oxford, Oxford, England Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 12. THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF AGGRESSION Edited by Richard E. Whalen. 1974 Voilime 13. ANEURAL ORGANISMS IN NEUROBIOLOGY Edited by Edward M. Eisenstein. 1975 Volume 14. NUTRITION AND MENTAL FUNCTIONS Edited by George Serban • 1975 Volume 15. SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR Edited by Rachel Galun, Peter Hillman, Itzhak Parnas, and Robert Werman. 1975 Volume 16. NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Edited by J. M. Ordy and K. R. Brizzee. 1975 Volume 17. ENVIRONMENTS AS THERAPY FOR BRAIN DYSFUNCTION Edited by Roger N. Walsh and William T. Greenough. 1976 Volume 18. NEURAL CONTROL OF LOCOMOTION Edited by Richard M. Herman, Sten Grillner, Paul S. G. Stein, and Douglas G. Stuart. 1976 Volume 19. THE BIOLOGY OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIC PROCESS Edited by Stewart Wolf and Beatrice Bishop Berle • 1976 Volume 20 • THE SEPTAL NUCLEI Edited by Jon F. DeFrance. 1976 Volume 21 • COCAINE AND OTHER STIMULANTS Edited by Everett H. Ellinwood, Jr. and M. Marlyne Kilbey • 1977 Volume 22. DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES OF DRUGS Edited by Harbans Lal • 1977 Volume 23. THE AGING BRAIN AND SENILE DEMENTIA Edited by Kalidas Nandy and Ira Sherwin. 1977 Volume 24. CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Edited by Donald J. Jenden • 1977 A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology Edited by Donald J. Jenden t:h~OI University of California of Medicine Los Angeles, California Plenum Press · New York and London , Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology, La Jolla, Calif., 1977. Cholinergic mechanisms and psychopharmacology. (Advances in behavioral biology; v. 24) Includes index. 1. Psychopharmacology-Congresses. 2. Acetylcholine-Congresses. 3. Cholinergic receptors-Congresses. I. Jenden, Donald J. II. United States. Psychopharmacology Research Branch. Pharmacology Section. III. International Union of Pharmacology. IV. Title. RM315.S941977 615'.78 77·14956 ISBN· 13: 978·1·4684·3098·1 e·ISBN· 13: 978·1-4684·3096·7 001: 10.1007/978·1-4684·3096·7 Proceedings of a Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology held in La Jolla, California, March 28-31, 1977 © 1978 Plenum Press, New York A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1978 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher SYMPOSIUM ON Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology La Jolla, California, March 28-31, 1977 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Bo Holmstedt Department of Toxicology Swedish Medical Research Council KBrolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden George B. Koelle Department of Pharmacology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Earl Usdin Pharmacology Section, Psychopharmacology Research Branch National Institute of Mental Health Rockville, Maryland Peter G. Waser Institute of Pharmacology University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland Victor P. Whittaker Max-Planck Institute of Biochemical Research Division of Neurochemistry Gottingen, West Germany Donald J. Jenden, Chairman Department of Pharmacology UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California SPONSORED BY Pharmacology Section, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (MH-29559) International Union of Pharmacology (lUPHAR) ACKNOWLEDGMENT IS MADE FOR GENEROUS SUPPORT BY Abbott Laboratories Ayerst Laboratories Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. Merck Sharp & Dohme Merrell-National Laboratories Parke-Davis Pennwalt Corporation Riker Laboratories Wyeth Laboratories Pharmacology Section, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (MH-29559) PREFACE This volume represents a collection of papers which were contributed by participants at a Symposium for Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psycho pharmacology, held in La Jolla, California on March 28-30, 1977. The topics were chosen to emphasize areas in which there has been substantial progress in the past 2-3 years and fall into seven major groups dealingwith: cholinergiC receptors; chemistry, histochemistry and enzymology; cyclic nucleotides and cholinergiC mechanisms; storage, compartmentation and release of acetylcholine; regulatory mechanisms in acetylcholine metab olism; modulation of acetylcholine metabolism; and behavioral and clin ical manifestations of cholinergiC function and dysfunction. Each group contains one or more reviews and a number of shorter contributions de scribing current work. This symposium was the third in a series of which the first two were held in Skokloster, Sweden in 1970 and Boldern, Switzerland in 1974. The Proceedings of the meetings indicate a rapid development of knowledge of cholinergiC mechanisms which for many years lagged behind that of other neurotransmitters and neuroregulators. The inclusion of a large section in the present volume dealing with clinical manifestations of cholinergiC dysfunction reflects one of the most important trends in current research on cholinergiC mechanisms, namely the close inter-relationship and mutual support of basic science and clinical investigation. I hope that this volume will be of value to all those whose work relates to cholinergiC function, at both basic and clinicalleve18, and will continue to stimulate the vigorous exchange of ideas which was such a prominent feature of the Symposium. I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues whose help contrib uted to the success of the SympOSium, and the organizations who helped to defray its expenses, particularly the Pharmacology Section, Psychophar macology Research Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health, which provided most of its financial support. Thanks are also due to Kevin Haynes for his careful preparation of the author index. Special thanks must go to Mrs. Flo Comes for her skillful organization and dedication to our common purpose, from the initial arrangements for the conference to editing of the manuscripts and preparation of the final copy. Donald J. J enden Los Angeles, Cali fornia August, 1977 vii CONTENTS CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS THE BINDING OF ACETYLCHOLINE TO ITS NICOTINIC RECEPTOR R. D. O'Brien & R. E. Gibson 1 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE BINDING PROPERTIES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESPONSES ON MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS N. J. M. Birdsall, A. S. V. Burgen & E. C. Hulme 25 BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE H.1. Yamamura, G. J. Wastek, p. C. Johnson & L. Z. Stern 35 CHARACTERIZATION OF PRESYNAPTIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS IN CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC NEURONS J. C. Szerb 49 ARE THERE TWO FORMS OF NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS T. Mittag, T. Massa & S. Gross 61 IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ACETYL CHOLINE RECEPTORS ON MUSCLE: MODULATION BY AUTO-ANTIBODIES V.A. Lennon 77 CHEMISTRY, HISTOCHEMISTRY & ENZYMOLOGY RECENT ADVANCES IN HISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS L. L. Butcher 93 HISTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF THE FUNCTION OF BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE G. B. Koelle, W. A. Koelle, E. G. Smyrl, R. Davis & A. F. Nagle 125 ESTIMATION OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND THE DYNAMICS OF ITS METABOLISM D. J. Jenden 139 ix x CONTENTS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR ACETYLCHOLINE S. Spector, A. M. Felix & J. p. M. Finberg 163 MICROWAVE FIXATION FOR THE STUDY OF ACETYL CHOLINE METABOLISM W.B. Stavinoha, J. Frazer & A. T. Modak 169 ACETYLCHOLINE AND CHOLINE IN HUMAN PLASMA AND RED BLOOD CELLS: A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS SPECTROMETRIC EVALUATION I. Hanin, U. Kopp, N. R. Zahniser, T.-M. Shih, D. G. Spiker, J. R. Merikangas, D. J. Kupfer & F. G. Foster 181 STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CHOLINE ACETYL TRANSFERASE H. G. lVIautner & S. F. Currier 197 ACTIVATION OF CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE BY CHLORIDE: A POSSIBLE REGULATOR MECHANISM J. Rossier & p. Benda 207 COMPARATIVE IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF MAMMALIAN BRAIN AND EEL ELECTRIC TISSUE ACETYL CHOLINESTERASES A. J. Trevor & A. J. Greenberg 223 CONSTITUENTS OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE G. Werner, W. Wojnarowski, W. H. Hopff & p. G. Waser 231 STRUCTURE OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE: ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE p. Taylor, J. Lwebuga-Mukasa, S. Lappi & H.A. Berman 239 CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES & CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS IF CYCLIC GMP IS A NEURONAL SECOND MESSENGER WHAT IS THE MESSAGE C. D. Woody 253 ACETYLCHOLINE AND CYCLIC GMP K. Krnjevic 261 CONTENTS xi CONTROL OF NUCLEAR FUNCTION IN CHROMAFFIN CELLS BY PERSISTENT ACTIVATION OF NICOTINIC RECEPTORS E. Costa, D. M. Chuang, A. Guidotti & R. Hollenbeck 267 MUSCARINIC STIMULATION AND cG MP SYNTHESIS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM T. Bartfai, R. E. Study & p. Greengard 285 STORAGE, COMPARTMENTATION & RELEASE OF ACETYLCHOLINE THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE VESICLE HYPOTHESIS F. C. MacIntosh 297 THE ELECTROMOTOR SYSTEM OF TORPEDO AS A MODEL CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM V. p. Whittaker 323 THE ENDOCYTOTIC ROLE OF VESICLES AT THE CHOLINERGIC SYNAPSE p. G. Waser & W. Naef 347 NERVE TERMINAL SACS FROM TORPEDO ELECTRIC ORGAN: A NEW PREPARATION FOR THE STUDY OF PRE SYNAPTIC CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL M. J. Dowdall 359 ACETYLCHOLINE COMPARTMENTS IN FROG MUSCLE R. Miledi, p. C. Molenaar & R. L. Polak 377 ACETYLCHOLINE MEDIA TED AXON-SCHW ANN CELL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SQUID NERVE FIBER J. Villegas 387 MUSCARINIC MODULATION OF ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE FROM THE MYENTERIC PLEXUS OF THE GUINEA PIG INTESTINE H. Kilbinger 401 REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN ACETYLCHOLINE METABOLISM SOURCE OF THE ACETYL GROUP IN ACETYLCHOLINE J. H. Quastel 411 THE SOURCE OF CHOLINE FOR ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS G. B. Ansell & S. Spanner 431
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