Chironomidae collected in onchocerciasis endemic areas of Guatemala (Insecta, Diptera)

60 Pages·1994·27.5 MB·English

by  James E Sublette

SPIXIANA Supplement20 1-60 München,01.03.1994 ISSN 0177-7424 ISBN 3-923871-78-3
Chironomidae
collected in Onchocerciasis endemic area
of Guatemala
(Insecta, Diptera)
By James E. Sublette & Manabu Sasa
Sublette, A. & M. Sasa (1994): Chironomidaecollected inOnchocerciasis endemic
J.
areas ofGuatemala (Insecta, Diptera). -SpixianaSuppl. 20: 1-60
Fifty-three species of chironomid midges which were previously unknown from
Guatemala are recorded. Chironomusgualtenmlticus Cockerell is designated as a nomen
dubium. Thirty-four new species are described: Larsia fittkaui, Larsia reissi, Parainerina
fasciata,Pentaneura vittaria, Coryiuvieurn ferelobatiis, C. lürvenojai, Cricotopiis lavadews,
Cricotopiis riiiavi, Limnophyes guatemalensis, Limnophyes marine, Metriocnenius costatus,
Mctriocnonuslautus, Metriocueiinis inrgatiis, Thienemmüella medialis, Clüro)wmus wudkeri,
Chinvwmusjoiimariini, Chironomus rincon, Einfeidia atiilanensis, Endotribelos albatum,
Endotrihelosgrodhaiisi,Poli/pedilummicrozoster,Polypedilumcorniger,Poh/pedihimclavistylus,
Polypedilum epomis, Polypedilum luteopedis, Polypedilum obelos, Xestocbironomus anlcylis,
Micropsectraatitlajiensis, Rheota)iytarsus hamatus, Caladomyia pistra, Tanytarsus capitatus,
Tanytarsusguatemalensis,Tanytarsushastatus,andTanytarsuspandus. HudsonimyiaRoback,
1979ishereconsidereda subgenusofPentaneura (statusnovum).Thus,twonewcombi-
nationsaregiven:Pentaneurakarelena(Roback)andPentaneuraparrisbi(Caldwell&Sopo-
nis).Pentaneurainyoensisnowhasanewstatusasamemberofthesubgenus.Thienemanniella
sanctivincentaSaether,1981 islistedasajuniorsynonymofThienemanniellaspreta(Roback,
1962). Cladopelmaforcipis (Rempel, 1939) isa newcombination with Chironomus (Crypto-
chironomus)boydiBeck,1962asajuniorsynonym.Cricotopusremus(Sublette,1964)isgiv-
enasajuniorsynonymofCricotopussylvestris (F.).
Prof.JamesA.Sublette,DepartmentofLifeSciences,UniversityofSouthernColorado,
2200Bonforte BIvd., Pueblo,CO81001 U.S.A.
Prof. ManabuSasa,6-12-903,Azumicho,Toyama-Shi,Toyama,930Japan.
Introduction
FromJanuary to theend ofMarch 1981, M. Sasa wasa memberoftheJapaneseMission forTechnical
Cooperation in the Onchocerciasis Control Studies in Guatemala (Project leaders: Dr. T. Suzuki, Japan
International Cooperation Agency and Dr. H. A. Godoy, Director, Servicio Nacional de Eradication de
Malaria (SNEM),GovernmentofGuatemala). Duringthistimechironomidswerecollectedbyhim mainly
intheonchocerciasisendemicareaswithinthevolcaniczoneofEscuintia,ataltitudes from800to 1200m.
Twomethodsofcollectionwereemployed: 1. larvaeinbottomSedimentsfromvariousloticand lentic
waterbodies were brought into the laboratory and mass reared in plastic Containers; and 2. adults were
collectedbyaerialsweepnetfromVegetationadjacenttowaterbodies.Mostofthestream-dwellingchironom-
ids were taken from the small mountain streams along with Siimiliuin ochraceuin Walker, the principal
vector of filariae for onchcKerciasis.
Bottom materials containing chironomid larvae were collected in plastic bags and transported to the
SNEMlaboratory.Thelarvaewererearedtomaturityin30 x 15cmnylonscreen-coveredplasticContainers
in\shichconstantairbubbloagitationwasmaintainod. Emorgingadultswereaspirated fromtheContainer
ando\u\iaeoiimmaturestagesassociated,whoropossible.Someindividualrearingsoffourthinstarlar\ae
OT pupae were also made.
Most oi the adult material was preserxed with paradichlorobenzene and stored dry in plastic boxes.
Subsequently, indi\idual midges were isolated, the wings remoxed with tine forceps, and dry mounted
under 18x6mm coverglass Strips using a spot of fingernail polish as corner adhäsives. The body was
macerated forafewminutesinhot10percentKOH,washedindistilledwater,dissectedinadropofgum
arabic-chloral onthesameslideasthewings,and a coverglassadded. Inmany instances multipledissec-
tions were madeon a Single slide.
The following waterbodies were sur\eved: 1. small stream at Lavaderos; 2. small stream in Barretal;
3. small streaminGuachipilan;4. concretewateringtankforcattlein MedioMonte; 5. smallstreamwater-
fallinMedioMonte;b.smallstreamsinRincon;7.smallstreamheaxilypollutedbycoffeeseed fermentation
pond in Rincon;8. shoreofLakeAmatitlan;^X aquaticplants in LakeAmatitlan; 10. shoreofLakeAtitlan;
11. Santiago Atitlan; 12. Medio Monte; and 13. Rincon.
Themorphological terminology employed isbased onSaether(1980). Howexer, we use the temporal
setaeasaSingleentit\-representingthepostorbitalsetaeplustheouterverticalsetae.Ifthefrontalsetaeare
continuous with the temporal the\' are also inckided. VVhile the palpi ofadult chironomids are normally
five-segmented,thebasalpalpomereisweaklvchitinizedand frequenth'partiallvcollapsed;therefore,the
measurementspresentedareoftheapicalfourpalpomeres.Onthepupalwingsheathsthe"perlen"(pearls)
and "nasen" (nose) are termed bacatiform papillaeand nasiform tubercles, respectixely.
In the descriptions which follow, each mensurable or meristic feature of the holotype is gix'en first
followecibytherängeandnumberofspecimensuponwhichtherängeisbasedinparenthesiswhichwere
taken from theparatvpeseries. Ifonh' the\'alues aregi\'en in parenthesis, then thecharacterwaslacking
orobscured intheholotvpe.
Tvpe specimens are retained in the collection of M. Sasa. Duplicate paratvpes, where available, are
deposited in thecollection of I. E. Sublette.
Utilizingtemporar\-watermounts,drawingsofthoracichornsofselectedpupaeweremadebvM.Sasa.
Thepupaesubsequentlyweremounted ingumarabic-chloral.
SubfamilyTanypodinae
Alotanypusvemistus(Coquillett)
Tivnipiis voiustui.Coquillett, 1902:91, d.
Alotivnipmvctiitstiis(Coquillett);Roback1971:96,review, o, 5;Fittkau&Roback1983:163,genericposition,
redescriptionoflarva;genericcomparison;Fittkau&Murrav1986:68,redescriptionofpupa;genericcomparison.
Macwpclopuci (Alotanypus) voiusta (Coquillett); Roback 1978: 163,genericposition,redescription ofpupa, de-
scriptionoflarva.
ThegenusAlotam/puscanberecognized intheadultstagebv theabsenceofa mesonotaltubercleand
postnotal setae, and the presenceofelongate tibial spurs, a weakPI Ti comb, and a setose ninth tergum.
The genitalia lack basal appendages on the gonocoxites and ha\'e moderatelv short, stout gonostyli; the
phallopodeme hasboth a proximal and distal element (Roback 1971, in part).
Alotam/ptis veiiiistu< has a distinctixe wing pattern (Roback 1971, Fig. Ib8).
Materialexamined: Rincon,coffeepond,no.A-21 16,no.V-22,19,no.V-25,5pupalexu\'iae,(onsameslide
with2pupae, Chiroiioiiui< sp.), no. V-26, 1 pupalexuviae, (onsameslidewith 2 fragmentarv pupa, Endothbelos
sp.),no.V-27,1 pupalexuviae,2larvalexuviae,no.V-29,2larvae;smallstream,no.V-28,2larvae,(onsameslide
with 1 larval e\u\iae, 1 pupal fragment, Endotribelos sp.; 1 larva, Dicwtciidipes sp.), no. V-30, 1 larva, (on same
slide with 1 lar\a, 1 pupal fragment Endotribelossp.; 1 larval Parametriocnemiishindbecki),3.-9.II.81.
Distribution: Western U.S.A.,Guatemala.
Larsinfittkaui, spec. nov.
Hülotype 6 Colouration. Mesonotalvittaebrownishwiththeanteriorandposteriorapicessomewhat
.
darker; scutellum and postnotum also dark; legs pale; abdominal terga III-VII each with a narrow dark
brown fascia which is slightly interrupted on the midline of III-V; fasciae on VI and VII broader than
prcceding.
Head. Antennalratio1.59(1.56,1.69:2). Palpal proportions90:150:177:267pm.Clypealsetae(obscured
on holotype). Temporal setae 17 (13, 20; 2) in a single row.
Thorax. Mesoscutal tubercle distinct. Setae: Antepronotals 2; dorsocentrals mostly in 2 rows 38 (38,
48;2), ofwhich 14 (23, 18; 2) are humerals; acrostichals29 (32, 33; 2), mostly in 2 rows; prealars 15 (14;2);
supra-alar1;posteriorscutellars 13(14, 15;2),coarse,and 13(9, 15;2)setaeinananterior,staggered series.
Wing. Membranewith macrotrichia onentiresurface;crossveininfuscate. Costa extended 45pm (62,
66; 2) beyond R, .. Arculus to m-cu/m-cu to wing tip, 0.44. Wing length 1.46mm (1.47, 1.61; 2). Squama
with 25 (21; 2) marginal setae. Venarum ratio 0.88 (0.90; 2).
Legs. Tibial spur teeth: PI 12 (11, 12; 2); Pll 10/12 (12/11, 10/11; 2); Pill 10/11 (9/9, 8/9; 2), comb of
4 (4;2) setae. Leg ratios: PI 0.80 (0.86, 0.95; 2); Pll 0.73 (0.75, 0.77; 2); Pill 0.75 (0.75, 0.80; 2). PI BR 3.9.
Sensilla chaetica lacking.
Abdomen. Genitalia,Fig. 1.Ninthtergumwith 12setae.Gc/Gsratio1.22(1.13, 1.15;2). Phallopodeme
much longerand heavier than in L. reissi.
Diagnosis. ThisspecieswithitsdarkenedcrossveinsappearstobenearesttotheNearcticLarsinplaiiensis
(Joh.) but differs in having significantly different Pll and Pill tibial spurs (L. fittkaui, 8-12 teeth;
L.plaiioisis,4-7).
Allotypefemale. Colouration:Similartomalebutgreatlyfaded intheslidepreparation;infuscationon
r-m evidentbut faint.
Head. Antennawith11 flagellomeres;proportions140:94:101:125:117:125:125:133:133:133:275pm;nip-
ple-shaped apex of terminal flagellomere with a long seta. Scapus with 6 setae; pedicel with 8. Palpal
proportions 195:367:390:445pm; third palpomere with 10 straight to moderately curved sensilla clavata
which are moreconcentrated near theapex but with a few extending almost to thebase; each is parallel-
sided with an abrupt, sharp tip. Dorsal extension of eye almost parallel-sided, 5 facets wide near apex.
Ocular ratio 0.12. Clypeus tapered towards the apex; with 24 setae. Temporal setae 11, in a single row.
Thorax. Mesoscutumtubercleweakbutwithslightlylongermicrotrichia.Setae: Lateralantepronotals3;
63dorsocentralsmostlyinadoublerow,7formaprescxatellarclumpand20ahumeralgroup;acrostichals
29, in 2 rows; prealars 20; supra-alar 1; posterior scutellars 12, coarse, and with 17 fine setae strewn on
anterior surface.
Wing. Membranewithmacrotrichiaontheentiresurface.Costaextended70pmbeyond R^ ..Venarum
ratio0.89. Wing length 1.45 mm. Squama with 21 marginal setae.
Legs. Sensilla chaetica of Pll and Pill lacking. Pulvilli minute. Teeth of tibial spurs: PI 10; Pll 9/9;
Pill 8/7, comb with 5 setae. Leg ratios: PI 0.75; Pll 0.67; Pill 0.71.
Abdomen. Genitalia distorted inslidemountingbutapparentlynotstronglydissimilartoothermem-
bersofthegenus;thedorsomesiallobeofgonapophysisVIIIisshorterandbiunterthaninLarsiacanadensis
Bilyj (1984, Fig. 35).
Pupa. Totallength:3.72mm.Cephalothoraxandabdomenentirelydarkbrown.TergaI-Vwithadark-
ened rounded spotat each posterolateral corner.
Thoracic hörn, Fig. 2, plastron occupying morethan one-halfofCorona;basal halfofhörn with incon-
spicuousprickles;respiratoryatriumdeeplysacculate.Thoraciccombandbasallobesimilartootherspecies
of Larsia.
Tergum1,Fig.3,shagreenintheformofminutespinulaescatteredoverentiretergumonallsegments,not
arranged inrowsasinotherspeciesofthegenus.TergumIVchaetotaxy,Fig.4.TergumVIIanallobe,Fig.5.
Material examined. Holotype: 6, Barretal, no. 316k, 16.111.1981. - Allotype: 9, Barretal no. 314c, 14.111.81. -
Paratypes:Barretal,no.3051,1d,1 pupalexuviae,no.315b;1 pupalexuviae,(onsameslidewith3pupalexuviae,
Cricotopussp.and 1 larvalexuviae,Mctriocncmuscostatus,spec.nov.);no.316h,1i,no.318a,19,2pupalexuviae,
(onsameslide with 19,1 pupal exuviae, Pentancura vittaria,spec. nov.); no. 322a, 19,3.-18.III.1981.
.
VVearepleased todedicate thisnewspeciestoE.J. Fittkau,ZoologischeStaatssammlung,Munich, whohas
contributed muchtoourknowledgeofNeotropicalChironomidaeanti totheTanypodinaeingeneral.
Larsia reissi, spec. nov.
Holotvpemale. Colouration: Yellowish with the thoracicvittae, postnotum,and preepisternal venter
brownish. Abde^men and legs pale. Genitalia slightlvdarker,especiallvthegonostvli.
Head. Antennal ratio 1.37 (1.21-1.25; 3); pedicel with 4 setae. Palpal proportions 87:155:170:214pm.
Dorsalextensionofevelongandalmostparallel-sided,slightlywidenedto5facetsnearapex.Clvpeuswith
22 (17, 20; 2) setae. Temporal setae 16 (14, 16; 2), in a Single row.
Thorax. Mesoscutumwithaconspicuousmediantubercle. Setae: Lateralantepronotals5(3; 1),dorsal
to setae is a small tubercle with fine microtrichia; dorsocentrals 29 (20-35; 3), in a Single to double row,
humeral expansionwith 5 (7-11;3) setae;acrostichals 34 (20-29;3), inmostly2 rows; prealars 15 (5-10;3);
supra-alars 1; scutellars 12 (8-13: 3),coarse, ina straight posteriorrowand with 7 (7-8; 3) tinersetaeinan
anterior,slightlvstaggeredrow.
Wing. Membrane with macrotrichia on entire surface; r-m crossvein not infuscate. Costa extended
d7i0sptamnc(e5b5-e7t8w;e3e)nbtehyeoanpdexR^o^f-.M,A^r^eantodmM^-^c^u./Vme-ncaumtmo wriatnigo0t.i9p,4(0.05..90R-^0.9.4e;n3d).sWpirnogxilmeanlgttho1M.6^9,mamt 0(.12.242o-f1.t4h7e;
3); scjuama with 18 (12-16; 3) marginal setae.
Legs. Tibial spur teeth: PI, 10 (11-12; 3); FD, 6/7 (6-7/7; 3); Pill, 8/7 (7-8/5-6; 3); comb of 3 (3-5; 3)
setae. Pulvilli absent, small basal spine on each claw (paratvpe). Leg ratios: PI, - (0.81-0.83; 3); PII, 0.78
(0.77-0.82; 3); Pill, (0.73-0.77; 3).
Abdomen. Genitalia, Fig. 6. Ninth tergum with 2 setae. Gc/Gs ratio 1.33 (1.21-1.41; 3).
Diagnosis. Larsia reissi mostcloselyresembles Larsia decolorata (Malloch),butcanbe differentiated by
havinga lowerantennal ratio, smallersize,and moresparsely setose ninthtergum.
Allotypefemale. Head: Antennal proportions, 59:43:46:50:50:53:53:53:50:53:93pm. Scape with 5 setae
and pedicelwith10;terminaltlagellomereovoidwithanipple-liketip. Antennalratio0.18. Palpalpropor-
tions 78:133:156:211 pm; third palpomere with a Single parallel-sided, blunt sensillum capitatum. Dorsal
extensionofeyelongandalmostparallel-sided,4facetswideatthebaseofthedorsalextensionand5facets
Wide near theapex. Clypeus with 28 setae. Temporal setae 14, in a single row.
Thorax. Mesoscutum tubercle covered with dense, fine microtrichia. Setae: Lateral antepronotals 5;
dorsocentrals 38, mostly in 2 rows, ofwhich anteriorly thereare 19 humerals; acrostichals 27, in 2 rows;
prealars 16; supra-alar 1; scutellars 12, in a straight posteriorseries and 9 strewn on anterior face.
Wing. Membranewithmacrotrichia ontheentiresurface.Costa extended 62pmbevond R^ -,ending
aboutmidwaybetweentheapexofM,^andM^ ,.Venarumratio0.96.Winglength1.37mm.Squamawith
19 marginal setae.
Legs. Sensillachaetica notex'ident. PIspurwith 14teeth; PIIspurswith9/7teeth; Pill spurswith9/7
teeth, comb with 5 setae. Leg ratios: PI 0.77; PII 0.69; Pill 0.70.
Abdomen. Genitaliadistortedinslidemounting.
Pupa (exuviae). Totallength3.32mm.Cephalothoraxandabdomenmostlydarkbrownbutwithdis-
tinctive, paler posterolateral markings on the abdominal terga; terga IV-VII with a complete V-shaped
series of pale muscle scars (cf. Fig. 11); on I-III and VHI the V-shaped marking is incomplete (not closed
behind).
Thoracichörnandthoraciccomb,Fig. 7;tergumIscar,Fig.8;shagreen,Fig.9;tergumIV,Fig. 10;terga
VII-VIII and swim fin, Fig. 11
Materialexamined. Holotvpe: 5,Rincon,no.313h,25.11.81.-Allotype: 2,Barretalno.323b,23.111.81 (Para-
typeonsameslide).-Paratypes: Barretalno.324c,1c?,19;324d,1d,1$;no.312i,1cJ;no.316g,1 pupalexuviae;
no.3nf,1 pupalexuviae;no.321a,2pupalexuviae(alsoPolypediliimpupal 9);no.321a,19;no.324b,1d,3pupal
exuxiae; no. 317c, 6, pupalexuviae(onsameslidewithparatype Pentaneura vittaria),25.1I.-24.II1.1981.
VVearepleasedtodedicatethisspeciestoDr.FriedrichReiss,ZoologischeStaatssammlung,Munich,inhonor
ofhismanycontrihutions tothestudvofthe\eotropicalChironomidae.
Figs1-5. Larsiafittkniii,spec.nov. 1. Genitalia,holotype c?. 2. Thoracichörn,pupa. 3. TergumI,pupa. 4. Ter-
gumIV,chaetotaxy,pupa. 5. Tergum VII -anallobe.
Figs6-11. Larsiareissi,spec.nov. 6. Genitalia,holotype(5. 7. Thoracichörnandthoraciccomb,pupa. 8. TergumI,
pupa. 9. Shagreen,pupa. 10. TergumIV,showingposterolateralmarkings,pupa. 11. TergumVll-anallobe,pupa.
.
Key to the Nearctic and Central American Lnrsia
1. Abdonitm p^ilc or with vcry hiint infusaitions on the torgal bases; r-ni crossvein pale 2.
- Abdomen distinctly fasciate; r-m pale or intuscate 5.
2. PI leg ratio 0.73 or less; teeth of toretibial spur 13; second palpomere with two strong apical setae ....
L. benicri Beck & Beck
- PI legratioÜ.74orgreater; teethofforetibialspur12orless;apexofsecond palpomerewithoutstrong
setae 3.
3. Pll leg ratio 0.70 or less; Pill leg ratio 0.72 or less; PI Ti spur teeth 8; ninth tergal setae lacking
L. canadenseBilyj
- PII legratio0.73orgreater; Pill leg ratio0.75orgreater; PITi spurteeth 10ormore; ninthtergalsetae
present 4.
4. Antennal ratio 1.23-1.25; vving length 1.42-1.45 mm; ninth tergum with two setae
L. rcissi, spec. nov.
- Antennal ratio 1.4-1.69; wing length 1.5-1.9mm; ninth tergum with 5-6 setae L. dccolorntn (Mall.)
5. Antennal ratio 2.0; phallopodeme weak; ninth tergalsetaelacking; crossveins pale
L. scquoiacnsis (Sub.)
- Antennalratio1.88orless;phallopodemeweakorstrong;ninthtergalsetaestrong,crossveinsinfuscate
or pale 6.
6. Crossveinsinfuscate; phallopodemestrong 7.
- Crossveins pale; phallopodeme weakorstrong 8.
7. Teeth on Pll and Pill Ti spurs 8-11 L. fittkaui, spec. nov.
- Teeth on Pll and Pill spurs 4-7 L. plancnsiii (Joh.)
8. Phalk^podemestrong; ninth tergal setae 11; PI leg ratio 0.74 L. h/m (Sub.)
- PhalKipodeme weak; ninth tergal setae 3; PI leg ratio 0.63-0.64 L. )}iar;;^i)iclla (Mall.)
Meropclopia spec.
A Single pupal exuviae taken in a stream at Guachipilan appears to be referable to this genus. The
thoracic hörn, Fig. 12, is similar to that illustrated as Meropclopiaßavifwus var. Roback (Fittkau & Murray
1986, Fig. 5,24B) except that thehörn isbroaderwith thenonsacculate respiratoryatrium muchbroader.
All terga, anal lobes, and genital sacs are covered with coarse shagreen which consists ofsimple points.
Tergum 1, Fig. 13. The lateral margin ofsegment VII has 4 fine lateral setae, Fig. 14.
MatLMial oxamined: Guachipilan, no. 11-33, 1 pupalexuviae, (onsameslidewith 19,1 pupalexuviae, Pam-
ijictriociiciuiisImiillhrki),26.111.81
Paramcrinn fnscintn, spec. nov.
Holotypemale. Colouration:Headandthoracicvittaepalebrown;atposteriorapexoflateralvittaeare
darkerbrown, medially, inturned markings; posterior apex of median vitta with a narrow brown stripe
separated on the median bv a narrow white linc which extends to the scutellum. Scutellum palebrown.
Figs 12-14. Mewpelopin spec. 12. Thoracic hörn,pupa. 13. Tergum I, pupa. 14. SegmentsVII-anal lobe.
Figs15-25. Parnmcrinafnsciata,spec.nov. 15. Abdominalcolouration,<?. 16. TibialspursofPII,d. 17. Genitalia,
holotype d. 18. Thoracichörn, pupa. 19. Tergum I,pupa. 20. Tergum IV. 21. TergumVII-anallobe, pupa.
22. Antenna,larva. 23. Mandible,larva. 24. Maxillarypalpus,larva. 25. Ligula,pecten,hypopharyngis,para-
ligula, larva.
Postnotum.ind sniiillspotontheploumd.irkbrown. Logslightbrown. Abdomenwithdarkvittae,Fig. 15.
1k\Ki. Antonnal ratio 1.52(1.44; 1). Talpal proportions55:187:25(1:257pm. Dorsalcxtcnsionotovolong
and parallel, 5 t'acets wide near apex. Ocular ratio (l.l(i. Chpeus longer than wide, with 21 (20; 1) setae.
Temporal setae 14 (Ib; 1), in a Single row.
Ihorax. Setae: Dorsocentrals30 (32; 1), in one slaggered row, posteriorapex ofrow expanded into a
eivimpot 4setae,anteriorlywithaclumpoi'-^humerals;acrostichals37(34; 1),in2rows;prealars17(12;1);
supra-alar 1 (1: \); eoarse posteriorscutellars 10 (10; 1) ina straight row and anteriorly 15 (13; 1) smaller,
strewn setae.
Wing. Membrane with niaerolriehia on the entire surtaee. Costa extended 47pm bevond R^ Wing
^^.
length 1.82 mm, \enarum ratio O.'-^. Squama with 28 (28; 1) marginal setae.
Legs. Puhilliminute.Clawssharp. PIand 11 tarsimissing;Pilllegratio0.71 (onlvonesetottarsiarei>n
theslide;bytheirpositionitisassumedthattheyareotthebindleg). PIspur44pm;3sideteeth;PlI spurs64,
38pm(Fig. l(i);Pillspurs80,40pm,similartoPllbutwith3sideteethoneachspur,tibialcombot8setae.
Abdomen. Genitalia, Fig. 17.
Diagnosis. PtiraiiiLiiiu) fa^ciatii, spee. now resembles the Nearctie Piiiiiniaiiiii fni^lll> (Wallev) and /'(?/;/-
mcriiiti iiihvunlci (Beck & Beck) in having paletergal patterns. 1lowe\er, thebanding patternsaredit'terent.
In Ptinuiichiiii fn^cinhi, terga 1 and 11 are largel\' pale with lateral intuscations and tergum V entirelv pale.
Paiiuncriiiiifni^ili^ hasterga IIand V pale,and in P.niuviuihi terga 11, \',and \'llarepale. .Also, P. tni^ili>has
a distinctive wing pattern which P. tii:^cintn lacks.
mm
Pupa. Total length, temale4.03, 4.38 (2).
Thoracichörn,Fig. 18.TergumLFig. 19.Tergade\oid otshagreenbutsterna ll-\ 111 and anallobewith
fineshagreenconsistiitg mosth'ot'isolated spinulae.Terga \\ , Fig. 20. Terga \11-\'I11 and swim tin, Fig.21.
Larva (only head capsuleretained). X'entral head length0.47mm. Head palevellowexcepttornarrow
occiput, tips ot mandibles and apex ot ligula. .Antenna, Fig. 22; length 328 mm. Mandible, Fig. 23; length
''" pm. \la\illar\- palpus two-segmented, Fig. 24; palpiter roughh' teardrop-shaped, Ligula, pecten, hvpo-
plnngisand paraligula, Fig. 25.
Holotype: o,BarretaLsmallstream,no.316d,18.111.81.-Paratypes:BarrelaLno.316b, S,pupalexuviae;no.
3l6h,3 pupalexuviae; no. 312a, 9, pupaland larvalexuviae; no. 3l6m, 9, 16.-21.HI.1981.
Pcntatu'ura (Hiitlsoiiiimiid) Roback, nevvStatus, cmended
Htidsouiiin/iaRoback, 1^7^: 1; t\pespecios, Hiui<oni}in/iiJkaivlciui Roback, b\-original dcsignation;Caldwell&
Soponis 1982: 512; eniendation.
In the adult stage, the subgenus liiitl^oiiinn/ui is characterized bv the presence ofonlv one comb-like
spurwith3-6teethonthePillTiandbyaweakivtomoderatelvdevelopedcombwhichbears0-6setae.The
genitalia havea short, o\oid gonocoxites, each with a basimedial patch ot microtrichia which arecoarser
thanIhoseinthesubgenusPciitiuiciim(s.S.).InHiii1^onini\/iiithemegasetaotthegonostvlusisshorter(7-10pm)
and paler brown; in Pciitniiciiid (s.s) it is longer (14-17pm) and blackish.
Included species: PciitiDiciirn {Htulsoiüiin/ia) karclcna (Roback), comb. no\'.; Peiitnuctira {Hudsoniim/in)
pnrmhi(Caldwell&Soponis),comb,nov.;Pcutaiieura{Hiuisoniiin/iii)/(n/('c;;s/sSublette,stat.nov.;and Pt';;f(7-
)wiiiii (Hiidsoninn/ia) z^ithvin, spec. no\'., described below.
Pcntiuicurn (Htidsoitit)tyia) vittarin,spec. nov.
Holotypemale. Colouration: Head and thoraxbrown todarkbrown;antennal pedicels,apexofante-
pronotum,mesonotal \ittae,postnotum,pleuralareas,and preepisternumdarkerbrown. Legspalebrown
with a weakdarkerbrown fascia onthedorsal part ot each temoral apex: PI Ta, . infuscateas isTa. ofPll
and 111. .Abdomen with dark xittae, Fitr. 26.
Head. Antennal ratio 1.66 (1.79; 1). Palpal proportions 31:93:186:223pm, pedicel with 5 (4; 1) ventral
and 1 (1;1) lateral setae. Eyesglabrous, dorsal extension longand parallel-sided, 4 facets widenearapex.
Ocularratio 0.06. Temporal setae 13, in a Single staggered row.
Thorax. Setae: Lateral antepronotals4 (4; 1); dorsocentrals 19 (19-24;2);acrostichals 59 (59,57;2), ina
doublestaggered rowwhich divergesposteriorly tojoin thedorsocentralrow;prealars 7(7; 1);supra-alar
1 (1; 1); scutellars 19 (19; 1).
Wing. Membranewithmacrotrichiaontheentiresurface.Costaextended31pm(31;l)beyondR^^,.R^^.
endsconsiderablyproximal toM|^,. Aretom-cu/m-cutowingtip0.48. Venarumratio0.87(0.91;1).Wing
mm
length 1.96 (1.93; 1). Squama with 8 (8; 1) marginal setae.
Legs. Pulvillivestigial.Clawssharp.PIspur42pm,with7(6;1)teeth;PlIspurs34,40pm,with5,4teeth;
Pillspur26pm,with3(3; 1)teeth; PillTicombof6(6; 1)setae. Legratios: PI 1.0(0.95; 1);Pll0.86(0.87; 1);
Pill 0.81 (0.73; 1).
Abdomen. Genitalia,Fig.27;internalskeleton,Fig.28.Ninthtergumwith7(6;1)setae.MegasetaofGs
10pm.
Diagnosis. ThisspeciesresemblesP.hn/oeiisis,P.kareknaandP.parrishi,butdiffersinabdominalbanding
patterns.InP.kareknatheabdomenisentirelypalebrown;inP.unjoensisandP.parrishiitisevenlybanded;
and in P. vittaria the vittae are more irregulär, with V weaklybanded and VIII pale.
Larval and pupal exuviaeare provisionally associated.
Pupalexuviae.Yellowish-brownwithfirsttergummarkblackishasaretheanteriormarginsoftergaII-VII.
Thoracicchaetotaxysomewhatobscured; thoracichörn, Fig. 29; thoraciccombwithabout 12spinulae
ofalmostevenlygraduatedsized fromsmalltolarge;tergumI,Fig.30;tergumIV,Fig.31;shagreen,Fig. 32;
Terga VII, VIII and anal fin, Fig. 33.
Larva. Head yellowish brown except for the extreme tips of the mandibles, the pecten epipharyngis
and the narrow occipital sclerite which areblackish. All claws ofthe posteriorprolegs paleyellowish.
Ventral head length,0.63mm; antenna, Fig. 34, length0.4mm;antennal ratio 0.2.
Ligula,pecten hypopharyngisand paraligula, Fig. 35; Maxiila,Fig. 36; mandible, Fig. 37.
Procercusand posteriorparapod, Fig. 38, slenderhooks with scarcely discernablebasal serrations.
Materialexamined. Holotype: 6, Barretal,no. 314a (IV64), 14-III-1981. - Paratypes: Medio Monte, 1 pupal
exuviae,no.213,28-III-1981;1 larva,no.L30a,3-II-1981;Barretal,no.317c, <?,pupalexuviae,17.III.1981 (onsame
slide with paratype 6,pupalexuviaeof Larsia reissi).
Pentaneura (Pentaneiira)spec.
ASinglepupal exuviaewas taken. Thethoracichörn,terga 1, IV,and VII, VIII,and anal finareshown
in Figs. 39 to43.
Material examined: Barretal, no. 219e, 1 pupal exuviae, 2.11.81.
SubfamilyOrthocladiinae
Corynotieuraferelohahis,spec. nov.
Holotype male. Colouration: Head and thorax largely black with only a slight yellowish colouration
visibleonthepleura.Legsmostlypaleexceptforkneeswhicharenarrowlyblackasisaverynarrowfascia
onapexofTiand baseofFeonall legs. Abdominal tergum I largelypale; II-III witha weakbrownblotch
on each side; IV-VIII mostly dark. Genitalia dark.
Head.Antennawith9flagellomeres.Antennalratio0.25(0.21-0.26;4);antennalapex,Fig.44. Palpomeres,
Fig. 45,2-4subglobular, 5cylindrical. Palpal proportions (2-5) 14:16:24:48pm. Eyes reniform, moderately
exertedonhead,glabrous.Ocularratio0.49.Clypeusatthebaseaboutaswideastheantennalpedicel;with
7(6-8; 3) setae. Temporal setae lacking.
Figs26-38. Pciümicum(Hiidsoniim/ia)vittnrin,spec.nov. 26. Abdominalcolouration,c5. 27. Genitalia,cJ. 28. Inter-
gnarleesnk,elpeutpoan.,c?33..29A.bTdhoomrianciaclhaöprenx,antdertghuormacViIcIc-oamnba,lpluobpea,.p3u0p.a.Te3r4.guAmntI,epnunpaa,.la3r1v.a.Te3r5.guLmigIuVl,ap,uppeac.te3n2.hySphoa--
10