Chinese Elementary Education System Reform in Rural, Pastoral, Ethnic, and Private Schools: Six Case Studies

264 Pages·2017·3.996 MB·English

by  Ling Li, Jiafu Zheng (eds.)

Ling Li · Jiafu Zheng Editors
Chinese Elementary
Education System
Reform in Rural,
Pastoral, Ethnic,
and Private Schools
Six Case Studies
Higher
Education
Press
Chinese Elementary Education System Reform
in Rural, Pastoral, Ethnic, and Private Schools
Ling Li Jiafu Zheng
(cid:129)
Editors
Chinese Elementary
Education System Reform
in Rural, Pastoral, Ethnic,
and Private Schools
Six Case Studies
Higher 123
Education
Press
Editors
LingLi Jiafu Zheng
Institute of Educational Policy, Southwest University
Faculty ofEducation Chongqing
Southwest University China
Chongqing
China
ISBN978-981-10-4560-8 ISBN978-981-10-4561-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4561-5
Jointlypublished with Higher EducationPress
HEPretainsexclusiverightstopublishthevolumesinprintformandtosellthemwithinits
salesareaMainlandofChinaandTaiwan.Thosecountriesshallbeexcludedfromtheglobal
rightsgranted toSpringer.
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017937705
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.andHigherEducationPress2017
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublishers,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublishers,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
Printedonacid-freepaper
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature
TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721,Singapore
Preface
This book reflects the basic spirit of three major policy documents related to the
thirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCNationalCongress.Thesedocumentsinclude
the “Report on the 18th National Congress,” “Resolutions on Some Key Issues
Concerning How to Comprehensively Deepen the Reform Initiative,” and “The
Office of theState Council’sNotification on the Pilot Project of Education System
Reform.” Centering on “special topics and typical cases,” this book provides an
in-depth analysis of some hotly discussed issues regarding the deepening of the
reforminitiativeinChineseeducation.Thegoalistoconstructaneducationsystem
that is vibrant, flexible, and sustainable enough to adapt to the socialist market
economy and the new social developments in China.
The book consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 is entitled “New Problems and
Measures Regarding the Reform of the Financial System in Compulsory
Education”. Based on the field research conducted in the BC city and the five
provincesofO,K,B,N,andR,thischapterinvestigatesthenewchallengesposed
to the financial system in compulsory education by the increasing trend of urban-
ization.Weprovideadetailedanalysisofsuchtopicalissuesasthefinancialsystem
based on the principle of “provinces planning and counties leading,” the pay of
teachers, the performance and statistics of the education fund, as well as other
notable problems in the current policy.
Chapter2,“MechanismStudyofHowtoIntegrateEthnicandFolkCultureinto
Artistic Education,” is derived from a field research conducted in the Miao ethnic
communities. Using the SWOT method, we analyze the data collected from the
field research, exploring the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats
involvedinincorporatingtheMiaoembroideryintotheartisticeducationinprimary
andmiddleschools.Wemakepolicyrecommendationsregardingthisincorporation
from the macro, medium, and micro perspectives.
Chapter3,“IssuesandPolicyStudiesoftheMechanismGoverningtheFlowof
Teachers in Primary and Middle Schools,” examines the flow of teachers in the S
autonomousdistrictintheSKpastoralarea.Throughfieldresearch,wesummarize
thedistinctivefeaturesandkeydriversoftheflowofteachersinthepastoralareas,
andoffersuggestionsonhowtoimprovethemechanismgoverningthiscirculation.
v
vi Preface
Chapter 4 is entitled “Empirical Analysis and Model Construction of Rural
TeacherSupplementintheWesternPartofChina.”Referringtothe“compensatory
wagedifferentialtheory”andthefieldresearchineightcountiesoffourprovincesin
the western part of China, we construct a model for rural teacher supplement and
propose policy recommendations based on this model.
Chapter 5 is called “Constructing an Integrative Integrated Model that Unifies
Urban and Rural Compulsory Education—A Case Study of the YZ County.”
Through field research in the YZ county, this chapter investigates the system
problems occurred in the reform of compulsory education, such as fiscal input,
school management, allocation of teachers, talents cultivation, performance
assessment, as well as the imbalanced resource allocation between rural and urban
schools.Withtheseproblemsinmind,wemakepolicyrecommendationsonhowto
construct an integrated model that could incorporate rural and urban education.
Chapter6,“AClassicCaseStudyofChinesePrivateEducationSystemReform
—An Evaluative Report on the Private Education Reform in ZS City,” deals with
the national pilot project of private education reform. After outlining the goal,
assessment standard, object of study, and research method regarding the reform of
private education, we present an overall survey and detailed analysis of the
implementation of the pilot project in each of the 12 countries, districts, and
development zone within the jurisdiction of the ZS city. Based on this survey and
analysis,wemakesuggestionsonhowtodeepenprivateeducationreformintheZS
city,withaviewtoprovidingusefullessonsforreformsinotherareasofeducation.
This book distinguishes by three major features. First, it seeks to integrate the
demandsofthestatewithcutting-edgeresearch.Allthetopicscoveredinthisbook
concern the reform of the education system, an issue that is of topical urgency in
state agenda and thereby has been given close attention. The perspective and
method we adopt in the book seek to integrate the most advanced research in the
fieldand bringtothefullestthepractical andacademicvalue ofthetopic. Second,
the source of our data is accurate and reliable. In addition to the official annual
statistics and related policy documents, we have also conducted field research and
tracking surveys in the SK district in S province, the A Miao ethnic autonomous
county in G province, the ZX and YZ counties in O province, the ZN city and LS
countyinNprovince,theDLcityinBprovince,theTYcountyinUprovince,the
RH city in R province, and the ZS city in X province. We conducted in-depth
interviews with such related personnel as education administrators, heads of
schools, teachers, parents, and students as well. The firsthand sources insure the
authenticity and reliability of the data we collected. Third, our argument is logical
and cogent, supported by verifiable evidence. In the process of working on this
book,wehaveorganizedaseriesofconferencesandmeetingstoconsulteducation
experts, administers, as well as all levels and kinds of schools concerning the
feasibility of our project, the reasonableness of our choice of research sites, the
validity of the data analysis, the verifiability of our conclusions, as well as the
operability of the policy recommendations we proposed.
Here we want to take the opportunity to express our thanks to the following
institutions and individuals whose generous support has made the book possible.
Preface vii
WearegratefultothegreatsupportfromtheDevelopmentDivisionintheMinistry
of Education, the Bureau of Education in Wenzhou, the Education Committee in
Chongqing,theBureauofEducationinthe6provincesofHeNan,HuNan,JiLin,
GuiZhou,YunNan,andSiChuan,aswellasthoseintheGuangXiZhuangzuand
Tibetan autonomous regions. Special thanks go to the Division for Social Science,
the Faculty of Education, Center for Education Policy, the Research Center on the
Planning of Urban and Rural Education, and the Research Center on Basic
Education at the Southwest University. We are also indebted to the wise guidance
from such notable scholars as Prof. Binglin Zhong, Prof. Miantao Sun, Prof.
Hongqi Chu, Prof. Zhihui Wu, Prof. Naiqing Song, Prof. Yule Jin, and Prof.
Dequan Zhu. Last but not least, we also want to extend our thanks to the masters
anddoctoralstudentscurrentlystudyingandalreadygraduatedfromtheFacultyof
Education at the Southwest University for their contribution to the book: Deming
Yan (Chap. 1), Xiaoming Pan (Chap. 1), Shimei Pan (Chap. 2), Mingjiang Tu
(Chap.3),JinzhenLu(Chap.4),XuanHe(Chap.5),andXingpingZhou(Chap.6).
Meanwhile, our special thanks are reserved for Lei Tao, Bosen Zeng and Chen
Huang for their generoushelpin organizing and integrating the materialsinvolved
in the book, and Dr. Mingjun Lu for her great help in traslation.
This book has benefited greatly from the ideas and theories of scholars and
experts in the field, who deserve no less thanks from us.
Chongqing, China Ling Li
Jiafu Zheng
Contents
1 New Problems and Strategies in the Financial Reform in
Compulsory Education... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
Ling Li, Deming Yan, Xiaoming Pan and Jiafu Zheng
2 Incorporating Ethnic and Folk Culture into Artistic Education a
Case Study of the Embroidery of the Miao Ethnic Community ........ 43
Ling Li, Shimei Pan and Jiafu Zheng
3 IssuesandPolicyStudiesoftheMechanismGoverningtheFlowof
Teachers in Primary and Middle Schools—A Case Study of the
Pastoral Areas in the SK Autonomous Region . .... .... ..... .... 75
Mingjiang Tu, Ling Li and Jiafu Zheng
4 A Model for Rural Teachers Supplement in the Western Part of
China: An Approach Based on the Compensatory Wage
Differential Theory .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 105
Ling Li, Jinzhen Lu and Jiafu Zheng
5 An Integrated Model that Unifies Urban and Rural Compulsory
Education—A Case Study of the YZ County .. .... .... ..... .... 119
Ling Li, Xuan He and Jiafu Zheng
6 AClassicCaseStudyofChinesePrivateEducationSystemReform
—An Evaluative Report on Private Education Reform in ZS City.... . 141
Xingping Zhou, Ling Li and Jiafu Zheng
References.... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 251
ix
Project Implementers
(cid:129) Center for Education Policy, Faculty of Education, Southwest University
(cid:129) The Innovation Study Group, Faculty of Education, Southwest University
(cid:129) Research Center on the Planning of Urban and Rural Education, Southwest
University
(cid:129) Research Center on Basic Education, Southwest University, A Key Base for
Research in the Humanities in Chongqing
Project Sponsors
(cid:129) “Report on the Comprehensive Reform of the Education System,” the Social
Sciences and Humanities in the Ministry of Education in 2013 (Project
No. 13JBGP040)
(cid:129) “ASystematicStudyoftheSocialSupportfortheConstructionofanIntegrated
UrbanandRuralEducationSystem,”theNationalSocialScienceFund(Project
No. 13ASH005)
(cid:129) The project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities:Educationpolicyinnovationteam(ProjectNo.SWU1509391)and
Assessment of Basic Education Quality (Project No. SWU1709104)
(cid:129) The project supported by Faculty of Education, Southwest University: A
Longitudinal Study of Basic Education Quality in Ethnic Minority Areas of
Southwest China (Project No. 2017ZDPY02)
(cid:129) “Policy Research on Integrating Urban and Rural Education,” the Social
Science Platform Program at the Southwestern University (Project
No. 15SWUJDPYA04)
(cid:129) Study on Influential Factors of Students’ Performance funded by the Research
Program Funds of the Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward
Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University (Project No. 2016-06-
008-BZK01) and Major Projects of National Social Science Fund of China
(Project No.16ZDA229)
xi
Chapter 1
New Problems and Strategies
in the Financial Reform in Compulsory
Education
Ling Li, Deming Yan, Xiaoming Pan and Jiafu Zheng
In 2013, the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee passed the
“Resolutions on Some Key Issues Concerning How to Comprehensively Deepen
theReformInitiative.”Thisdocumentoutlinessomenewtasksfortheupgradingof
China’s education reform, most of which were implemented in 2014. This year
witnessed a series of achievements in the implementation of these new tasks, such
as a balanced development of compulsory education, the establishment of the
rotation mechanism between principals and teachers, the revamping of the admis-
sion procedures, the separation of administration and performance assessment, the
institution of vocational education, the introduction of legal supervision in various
sectors of education, as well as the education of the ethnic and minority groups in
the border regions.
ThischapterdealswithsixhighlycontestedtopicsconcerningChina’seducation
reform. These include the new financial policies and strategies in compulsory
education; the mechanism regarding the incorporation of ethnic and folk culture;
This section draws on the framework used in compulsory education study proposed in Pan
Xiaoming, “Annual Education Finance Summit Seminar Held by the Education Finance
Committee of the Chinese Education Development Strategy Association (2014),” Chinese
EducationFinance,11–1(2014).
L.Li(&)
InstituteofEducationalPolicy,FacultyofEducation,SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing,China
e-mail:[email protected]
D.Yan
HenanInstituteofEducation,Zhengzhou,China
X.Pan
ChinaInstituteforEducationalFinanceResearch,PekingUniversity,Beijing,China
J.Zheng
SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing,China
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.andHigherEducationPress2017 1
L.LiandJ.Zheng(eds.),ChineseElementaryEducationSystemReforminRural,
Pastoral,Ethnic,andPrivateSchools,DOI10.1007/978-981-10-4561-5_1