Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha

337 Pages·1990·5.38 MB·English

by  Robert E. Buswell

Chinese
Buddhist
Apocrypha
EDITED BY
ROBERT E. BUSWELL, JR.
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS
HONOLULU
© 199U0n iveorfHs aiwtayPi reis s
AlRli ghRteessr ved
PrinttehdUe n iintS etda otfAem se rica
909 19 29 39 49 5 5 4 3 2 1
LibraroyfC ongreCsast aloginPgu-bilni-catDiaotna
ChineBsued dhaipsotc rIye pdhiabt yeR do berBtu sEw.,Je rl.l
p. em.
ISB0N- 28481-235-(0la kp.a per)
1.A pocrybpohoa(klTs r ip-iCtraiktiais,)cmi nterpreet.tc ation,
2.T at snagc hgi-nCritsimic,ni teropnree,t.t c a3t.iB uddhist
literCahtiunrees,et o-raHynic dsr istm.i c1.i Busw,e lRloEb.er t
BQ121478. C1990 89-21046
249.350''9815-dc20 CIP
UniveorfHs aiwtayPi reisb so oksp rairnet ed
ona icdr-epfeap earn mde etthg eu idelines
fopre rmanaennddcu er aboiftlh iCetou yn cil
onL ibrRaersuyor ces
Contents
Pref/a Vcll e
Conventi/o lXn s
Introduction:
Prolegotmote hnSeot nuod Bfyu d dhAipsotc rySprchiaplt /u Ir es
ROBERET. B USWELJLR,.
The EvaolIufantdiiognSe rncioputsiu nCr henise sBeud dhist
BbiliogrCaaptlhaoiugcea/s 3l 1
KYOKOT OKUNO
TheC onsecraAtB iuodnds hBStiiio toorkfSa p:le l/s 7 5
MICHESLT RICKMANN
StgaeosfT r asncendence:
ThBeh iiCmoin ceipnTt a oSicsrti p/t IuIr9e
STEPHRE.NB OKENKAMP
TheTe xtuOarglii ontfs h Keu aWnu- liancgh-isnhgo:u
A CanoniScrcapilt uorfPe u rLea nBdu ddhis/m 1 49
KOTATSFUU JITTAR ANSLABTYEK DE NNETKH.T ANAKA
TheC han'-cach hiR negl:i agniMdoa ng iicnM edeviaClh nia/ 175
WHALEN LAI
TheS upepsrosnoi tfh e ThreSece tS:t ages
ApocrayspaP h oatl iicIasulse/ 207
MARKE DWARLDE WIS
TheR eliavtiotfty hC eon ceopfOt r thoidnCo xhnyie sBeud dshmi:
Chhis-hnegI'nsd icotmSfeh hni-taI nid Ptrhcoers ipottfih oDenh arma
MirSriiotr/r 2a3 9
ANTONIFNOOR TE
ThFea nw-ancgh ianngMd o nacsD tisicpliiin]nae p naesTeen dai:
A StuodAfyn ne'Fnsu tJsuiisbaotskusiikhaa/ik 2 u15
PAULG RONER
v
VI Contents
Appendix:
AnI nturcootdnti ot hSetn adarodfSsc ripAtuutrhaeln itnIi ncidiatny
Buddhis/m2 91
RONALD M.D AVIDSON
Contbruito/r3 s2 7
GeneIrnadl/e 3 x2 9
IndoefTxe x t/s3 39
Preface
Thivso lubmegea tno t akseh aipn1e 9 8a2m onsgve erpaoelp laett he
UniveorfsC ialtiynf ioaBr,ek rel,we hyow erweo rkiinnt gh aer eoaf
Buddhaipsoytcp rhsatliu edTsh.ev oluwmaesc onceaisav b erddo ­a
basseudr voefty h ien deingosucsr ipltiutrearolaf tt hunero en -iIannd
tradiotfBi uodhndiss, wm itchh aprtaegnrisnf gr oEma sAts nia apocry­
phaslu tarnasdssa t,rt aoTs ibegttaenr( -tmrae atseusxa rtnevd)i sionary
cycslt,eoS outheAassnita a pocryaptha.akI lawtJsa osr igipnlaalnlnye d
fotrh beo otkoa ppeiantr hB ee krelBeuyd dhistS reSeitsbu,udw tii etsh
thaste rnioewus n fortumnoartinebdltu,yh ewraels i thtolpteeh atth e
voluwmoeu elevdr s ee ltihgoehf t dSatayur.Kt i nage,d iattto hrUe n i­
versoifHt awya iPire swsa,se n tshiuaasbotuittch per joceth,o weerv,
anidn1 9fi8n8a lly cmoent vosi unbcmteihbdteo otkoH awa.iT ihee co­
nomirce aloitfai ceasd epmuibcl isihnti hnicgso uyn,th rowveer,
demantdheatdth v eo lubmepe ar eddo wtnom ormea nabgleseai .z e
Aftemru cahg ongi,wz eifi nnaldleyc itdofe codu osn C hinsees utra
matelrswi,ha ile maiDnavtdiasio'nnsci hnpagt earsa na ppen. diIx
woullidtk ooe f fedre empyre esgtrt eostv eser oafl ooruirg cionnatlr ibu­
towrhsso ew orhkastd o dbeel eftreodm fintahcleo lle,ic ntcilounding
WillGirasomn i(cLkSa a lUlnei ve,rJ sanietGtyy )at(sAom heCrols­t
leg,Pe a)dmanJaa ib(nhUi n eirtvsyoi fCa loirifnaB,er kel,Me ayt)thew
Kaspte(iConl umUbniiav e,ra sniAdtl yeW)xa yma(nCo lubmiUan i­
vers.Mi otsyt) ofa rttihhcoalsvseeeis n acpepr eeaedle swhre.e wIo uld
litkoee xpsrsme yg ratittoau ltdlhe ce o nbturtiofrotsrh epiart ience
duritnhlgeo npgr ocoebfsr si ntghibinosgo t kop e rs.s
Wew ereex trefmoerltyut noha atvheea dt wao sdsuioruesa d­ers
BenrarFda urSet aonfaf noSdrt dpe heTnei soefPr r inocne-htwoe val­
uatetdh mea ncursifpottr h Per se.Bso tho ffertehdo rho aungdt ren­
chacnrti toifqe uaecoshft h ceh paterhsi-cwh fwaern tb tehyceoa nldl
of thitsh alonefkdstuset nay n-tdh veo lumeb ehnaesfig trteeafdtr loym
themiarn sygu gestainoadnd sv. i casIelo r eceedmi avnvya lusaublge­
gestointo hnveso luamneid t csoe vrafgreoL me wLiansc asatneudrs e­
fuclo mmnetosnm yo wnc hapftreoDrma n iOevle rmyIew ro.u alsldo
litkoet haVnikc tSoocrti,wta h od iads upbej broo fc oepdyittihneg
manups,tca rniSdu nsS augawrh,o p repared ttoth heve ou ilmn,ed ex
witfhu ndpirniogdv ebdya nA cadeSmneiactR ee srecaGhr anftr om
UCLA.
ROB ERT BUSW ELL
Vll
Conventions
Srciptiuntr heCesh inBeudsdhei csatn aornce i taecdc ortdosi tnagn ­
darndu bmerisnt hTaei sphriii netdeidt( ibaobnr evaisa7) t:eTa di shii
shindsahikiiyzo, ii edibtyeT da kakJuusnjui arnodW atanKaabiek yoku
(Tok:Dy aoiozkyo,k1 a9-i2149)3F.5u lclit tiaofnorsmt hTaei schaiin on
are giintv hfeelon l owfisanhgi: to inatnlfdesa cinculmeb (ewrh erlreee ­
van;l1t a)ishTaO]i;ss heiiiranlu bme;r Taivsohiliunmuem ebrp;a g,re eg­
ist(ear,o rcb, )l, i nnuem eb(rse)..,gTa ,-J ang-gkfohu ua-yanecnh i2n,3Tg
27.98 5·4 C2274-3I5a.
Ctiatifoornmst hSeu pplemteont th e C(aDn-aoNinoi hnZ okukzyiiii
[Kyo:t oZoskhyo,o1i °9n5-1]9a)1r l2ei satsfe oldlo :w sTaintfdlsa ec icle
numb;eZ Zr;s reisec;a ;sv eoulm;ep age,c olumnb ,c( ,oa rd, ,) l ine
numb(es,re) ..gS,h -imheHnu nCgh uehl-Jiann- lcuh1 iZ,eZ 2n b, 2 14,
30d31·3
Srciptiuntr heTesa ioscta naornce i tbeytd h eniurm bienr Ctohme-
binIendd ittcoeh Aseut hoarnTsdi toflB eoso iknTsw o C olleocfTa toiiLostintes r ­
ateu,Hr arvaerndc-hYIinntsgut tSieil nooigcSarelei sn,o 2.,5 e dibtye d
WenTgu -hcie(hP egk,1i9 n2.T 5h)insu mebrw illp rbeec ebdyte hiden i­
tial HY.
Toh eldpii sntguiinsdhio guCeshn insecsreri epfstor umI ndisaunt ras
transilnatCtohie ndse ea,sa g enerrualwleeh avter itt:;ord ee srvteh e
ter"ms u"tf roatrr anstletax.stA epdo cryspchrailpw tiublrelee nst itled
"boo,ka"n la-ulpprosterna slaotftih oCenh inteesrcemh ing.
Trasnlitoenrosaf At sini laangufaogleltsoh swe y stceommsm only
useidnt hsec holcaormlmyut: nyW iadeG-ilefsoC rh niesree,v iHseepd­
burfnoJ rap anesMec,C nue-RheaiusfecorKr o rne.a
AlBlu ddhtiesrotm liyont ghaatp peianWr esbs 'tsTeh irrNdew I nterna­
tional wDeic cotnisotinodha earyvr ee n tetrheEedn l gilsahun agega nd
leauvnei teadl:ei ..cgsi,uz tsrsaat,rn aiiiI;t,ra v.F oarc onvelniisetnitn g
ofah unddrs eucwho r,ds seReo egrJ ack,s" oTenrmosfS naskarnidt
PiilOir igAicnc eptaasEb nlgel Wiosdrh,s "Jo urnaolft hIen ntaetrional
AssocoifBa utdidoShnti usd5t(i 1e29s:)18 14-1.4 2
IX
Introduction
Prolgeomenont ot heS tudoyf ·
BuddhiAspto cyrphaSlcr iptures
ROBERTE .B USWELJLR,.
It as iasc srnaocbte loifte hfBe u ddhsitt raditthiafoton rsmo eudt side
thheo meloafIn ndd tihaa t stchreiiplrti utrerarelwas et erut rsalnated
froSma nsokrrM iitd dIlned iinctt hoe niart liavneg eu.sEa agsAts ni a
Buddshtiisnp artiocfutlieannrc luacd oeldo pwhiottnhh sec riptures
incluidnte hdec iarn so,gni vitnhtger saltnao'rnsa maen dt hpel ace
whe,ra endda tdeusr iwnhgi, ct hhtern astliawoanms a d.Me asvseci at­
aolugest hoefas tet ribwuetrieo ncsot lhlapetuc rtpeotdrog t ievadec ­cu
raatce cooufnt thhsei syto oftr hBeu ddhitsrta nselfoafrtitinC o hnni a.
Budte sptihsteeee m invgallyu daabtltaeeh saes cripprtoivocinodsne ­
cerntihniegn trodauncddti uifsofnio ofBn ud dhsicsrtui rpeitsn tnoe w
regioofAn ssi aan-di,nt u,ro nft hsoet etx'sf roenio grisg-miondern
scholahracssah limlpue cdoh ft haitn faotrmiionntq oue st.iI otnn ow
appetahramsta nByu ddhsicsrti pwteurnreoe "tsrt antsinlosaa"ta l,l
buwte rceo pmodsw eithtihinen digecnuolutosufA r seisaa n idn t he
natliavunea ggoefts h soer eignos.I t issu cshtc oru irpettsh attht ee rm
"Buddhiaspto chrayi"pms e natt or efBeecra.u tshseee t exttysp ically
refltehcetdi orm esatuhitoc'r o swnr egliioiunst earnedss otiscac lo n­
cenrsw,h iwcehr neod ti reacdtdslrsyeie ntd r salnaItneddit aetnxst ,h ey
aroefi mmenvsael iunae n ayc cougon ftti hdnee veloopftm heneno tn ­
Inditarnai doiontfBs u dhdis.m
TheM ultipdliisncaViraylo ufeB u ddhAiposctrp hya
Thes tuodfBy u ddhaipsotc ryspchrailph taulsro ensgl -centeeigdm pli­
catifoosnrcs h olacrosnhciebpro nhtiB nugd dhainstdmh e nlaittievrea ­
turaenscd u lrteousfA siTah.ed icsiploifBn uedd hiSsttu dhiaeids t s
incepitnri eosrnec oahn d octriisenssauel,m plopyriinngc itphael ly
technoifcq oumeapsr atpihovilelyo a gntde xtcuraiilts .imT codaym,o st
Buddshtis chocloanrtsit nosu pceei ailnio znee aonoret rh tohtfee net
systoeftm hsre e li.Bg ieoucnsaeB uoddfih s'mIsn dioarinni sgp,hl io­
sophciocnaclre erlnestv oa nsttch heoo oftl hgser a etIenrd nit aradition
havree cetihvleei d'o ssnh aorfae t toen.nB tuietv ewnh eerxep eirnt s
2 RoebrEt.B uswe,Jl .rl
thneo Inn-dni taratdiiohnasve ex amitnhecedo ntiroibnousfnt ative
exegteotB eudsdh idsotcn terth,ii sh aosft einn voltvhweerd in gtsi of
reiloiugssp ielaciswtosr king swuicethxh eignle t triatcdiaioansts h e
ChineFsaes- ihaonrtg h Tei bned tGae-Isucghlso.sT o het enoefst ushc
leranesdc howoelrcseo mmobnalsyoe ntd h ien terproefmt aatteiroina ls
assutmohe adv bee en oroifIgnidnioaarlnil gyi ni-sst,rchi aptt ourr es
trteiasceosm poisnIe ndd (ioarm estoisCm eentrAasli. Aa s)i mptoarnt
ass ucshc homoalyhs a vbee efnou rn denrdsittnahgCe hi neosrTe i be­
tarne sptoon sIend doicnatenrt, ih eiyn eviptlaatbchlreeye gilfo ronmas
of Budwdihtithshimpen u rvoitfeh wge r eaItnednrit araodnit,tra ietgi n
theamsa ppendoaffgnu edsa menItnadlgolilycco aoln ncs.e r
Humatniiseepsc liiaisntt hsne o Inn-dicailnvi itziaoonfAs s ibayc, o n­
tr,aa srte mcoosntc ewrinteihdn digemnoovuesm einnlt isrta et,u re
thou,ga hntdh isyt,eo srpieaclwliyt htihnee l ittrea diotfci alosinscl a
bellleetsat nrpdeh sli opshoyS.ni oloignip satrst ihcauvsleha orwo nn ly
tangeinnttiseaitrln te hBeu ddhwirsitta enrtdsh inokfCe rhisn a-and
thidess ptihtpeee v rasievfeefco tft haotr igiInnadnli rlaeyl iogni on
manifaoslpdeo cfCt hisn seec ilviitzia.oT nhicsu ltduerfaelen nseisvs­
orp,e rphsas,i mphleesn icttyaod eawli tthhu en famciillviiitaziraoo nf
India-lhemadas n syp eciianCl hiinssetehs um aneist iotvole orkot he
conbturtiitohntasht se c hroo lfBa uddhicsomu mladk teot hset uodfy
Chin.a
Int hcea se oAfs iiEata,o s nitlis yn t hlea fsetdw e catdheaistn g dei­
nouBsu ddhsitsr cipthuarvees rbeecneoingz aesad l eigtimfiaetloedf
inquieriyt Bhiuendr d hSitsutdo irSe isn goylR.oe srecabhy s cholars
sucahsY abukKie i,kM iochizSuhkiin,a k n6dM akiTtaai 1rh ya6s
showtnh aBtu ddhist apaoncu rnyppahraasl olauerrflecoe erd ascer­
taintihtnerg u ilnyd igeelneomuiesnn t thssei nBiutdidcht irsaotdn i.st i
Itwa tsh seep ionesecrhionwlgha ofir rsrs te cnoigztehdam tan yo ft he
semicnoanbltu rtiimoandbsey t hCehi netsoBe u ddhciuslttw uerr,iee n
fca,tn orte suolfct osn tlilnmyuo arree fineexdgee seosft ranslated
IndioarSn e rinmdaitaelnr.sR iaathtehre,cs oen tiroinbousct curirne d
resptooni snedi ogucesno nncsec-roncetrhanatsro e f tperne vseeidrn
Buddhiaspto crympahtaelra inandlo sw heerl.esJ eusatsi mptaonrtly,
apocrywporhkaaslsl oo ffeirn valcuoarbrloe bofroasrcte uiloaancr ­
counotfrs e lisg,ciu olutuarnpdao ll,i dteilvcoeaplm einntt rsa odnilat i
Asiasno ciieeasts, AnnitnFooot reh adse msotnrawtietcdho nesriadble
periscpuiinht iyms o nroagpPhol itPircaoagpla nadnIdade olionCgy h ina at
the oEft nhSdee veCnetnht2 Au sryt .hpeo iwnhte Bruedd hiSsttu daineds
Sinoyl coognv,et rhgseet uodfya pocryspchrailp wtiulprlre osm pt
chanignoe rsi en,ta antedix aopnnsiioncn osv e,rw aigtehbiontd hi sci­
plisn.e
It iinst trootd hunicesew fioefslt dut dhyta thv iosl uomnCe h inese
Buddhaipsotc riyospf ehfra.e N dop restieonanrisen teedno,dfc oruse,
Introduc3t ion
thatthe es yssca ollehecrtepeirden en satc omprevheae cncsoiuontfi ng
sinaiptoiccar y.Op uhra tteimsrpa tt thoebr r itngoge threerp resenta­
tisvaem lpeosft hkei nodfss t usdt iheaatrp eo sbslueis ianpgoy cprhal
matelrsai,sae xampolfte hsve a loufte h etseexi tnas w idrea nogfe
scholairnEs ahsAitsp ni h aumaine.iIs tnt hper eoscwse,h opef atcoi li­
tactores esr-tfilbieztawtteioheosnnve ai roduiscs ipelsGi.in vtehnne a s­
censtt aotfre e asrecihn Btuodd hsiatp ocray,ipi tnhs o stu rprtihsaitn g
thceo nbturtiiaornwese hitgetdo wasrtdu ddieleaisn wgi tthe xtual
authenatnisdcc irtiypl tgeuirtaiolmn. aS tveiearlo ft hceo ntridbo,u tors
howevberro,at chhreo tleh aatp ocrympahtaelrc iaapnll sa yd oicnu ­
menttihnuegn derslcyoii,apn logl i,ta inccdua lltfurorcaielns fl uencing
EasAtsn ic aivilsi.z ation
TheD efiniotf"i Bound dhAipsotc rypahnBadu" d dhist
StandoafrS dcsr ipAtuutrhaeln ticity
Beofrper oecdeitnoga n e xaminoafts ipioefincic s sruiaesseb dyt he
stuodfiy n digBeundoduhssri cisptst uw,re we oudldow eltloc onsider
thaep propersiosafu t seitnnhgWe e stteerrn"am popchrayt"or efteor
sucwho r.kT shiqsue stiaiorsnbe esuc sateh ree lasthiibopen tween
canonsiccrailpa tnnudor nec anoanpioccarilycs po hnas iddeirefarfb­ly
enitnB uddhtihsaimnn t hJeu edo-rCihsntt iraaodn,if toird dBhuism
hanso c orpoufts e xdtiss ttf iornmrc evesaclreidpt thuacrtoe r responds
tot hAep ocroyJfpu hdaa ainsCdmh risntiitay.
Etymoallo,tlg hyiweco r"da pocar"iy dspe hrifvoremtd h Ger eaepok­
kryphroesf,e rtrowi rnigtt ihnagts" hairdead wean"yo r" sec.rT"eh tree
distuisgnaecostft htee rimnt heea rJluydo e-hCrsitnit aradihtaivoen
beedne linbeyaR t.e dCH h.ar el.sF isrta,po krypwhaoassp pl"iieand
laudastinogirfiytc iaotnow ritwihnigcwshe rwei thhferlopdmu blic
knowlbeedcgaetu hseweye rvee hlieocfsm ysteorrie osuoistwc ei rsdom
whiwcahts o soca reodrp rooufntdob edi scltooas nesydva et hien iti­
at.eT dhoutghhe iyn siosntt heeedx clucsainvoient oiyftc htew enty­
foubro o[kostf hO el dTe stmaen]tt,h ecyl aitmoe dtb hpeeo ssresos fs o
ano ratlr aditthianotoon tn loyv ershabduoftewr qeude ndtilsyp laced
thwer itltwae.nS" ce on,td hweo rcda rrainae ddm onyis teontrshea t
"waasp pltiowe rdi ttihnwagetsr w ei thfhoremlp du bcliircac tui,lno ont
ont he grooftu hnetdir ra nscewnodre,tbn hutbtae lc atuhseevi arl ue
wasc oensfdslesye ocndrayo rq ueosntai.bl"Fe ianllayst, h uel timate
etxensoifto hnmi esa ngi,"n thweod rc amteo abpep ltiowe hda wta s
flassep,u rsi,oor hu ere.t"iD3cua rliOnrgi g'e(snI 5-8?245?t)i ,mt ehe
terwma sa ppliteotd h obsooek nso wc ommondleysn iatgeads t he
Pesudepiag,wrh aipachrhde i usscsbeedl owt.h feuoB rytc he nrtytu,h e
Apocrycpahmtaeor efteobr o orkesa de dfiotfiric ,oaa nsd sitifnrcotm
thcea nonbioock,asa ln dth aejd ceti"vaep ocr"yc pohnatlitnobu ee d