China’s Saints: Catholic Martyrdom During the Qing (1644-1911)

289 Pages·2011·1.944 MB·English

by  Anthony E. Clark

Photograph of St. Alberico Crescitelli taken shortly after his arrival in China in 1888.
He is seen with his “missioner’s crucifix,” now kept in the “martyr’s museum”
in the P.I.M.E. house in Rome. The long Chinese queue is false. Credit:
Archives of the Pontifical Institute of Foreign Missions, Rome.

China’s Saints
Studies in Missionaries and Christianity in China
General Editor: Kathleen L. Lodwick,
Pennsylvania State University/Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania
Publishing interdisciplinary, innovative scholarship, this series extends
our understanding of the Christian missionary movement in China
from the time of the Jesuits in the Ming dynasty to the Protestants in the
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and explores its impact on both
the Chinese people and on the countries that sent missionaries to China.
Advisory Board:
Ryan Dunch, University of Alberta, Canada Lydia Gerber,
Washington State University, Washington
Joseph Tse-Hei Lee, Pace University, New York
Xi Lian, Hanover College, Indiana
Lida Nedilsky, North Park College, Illinois
Other Titles in this Series
Anthony E. Clark, China’s Saints:
Catholic Martyrdom during the Qing (1644–1911)
Judith Liu, Foreign Exchange: Counterculture Behind
the Walls of St. Hilda’s School for Girls, 1929–1937
Jessie G. Lutz, ed., Pioneer Chinese Christian Women:
Gender, Christianity, and Social Mobility
Kathleen L. Lodwick, The Widow’s Quest:
The Byers Extraterritorial Case in Hainan, China, 1924–1925
M. Cristina Zaccarini, The Sino-American Friendship
as Tradition and Challenge: Dr. Ailie Gale in China, 1908–1950
Jun Xing, Baptized in the Fire of Revolution:
The American Social Gospel and the YMCA in China, 1919–1937
China’s Saints
Catholic Martyrdom
during the Qing (1644–1911)
Anthony E. Clark
LEHIGH UNIVERSITY PRESS
Bethlehem
Published by Lehigh University Press
Co-published with The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.rlpgbooks.com
Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2011 by Anthony E. Clark
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by
any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval
systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer
who may quote passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Clark, Anthony E.
China’s saints : Catholic martyrdom during the Qing (1644–1911) / Anthony E.
Clark.
p. cm. — (Studies in missionaries and Christianity in China)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-61146-016-2 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61146-017-9 (elec-
tronic)
1. Christian saints—Biography. 2. Catholic Church—China—History. 3.
China—Church history. I. Title.
BX4655.3.C63 2011
272’.9092’251—dc22
[B] 2010048594

™
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for
Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States
of America
For Amanda
友之與我，雖友二身，二身之內，其心一而已
.
利瑪竇
— (Matteo Ricci)

Contents
List of Illustrations xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction 1
1 The Food of Beasts: Martyrdom and Death in Perspective 7
2 Catholic Christianity in China: Nestorian Inroads, Franciscan
Successes, Jesuit Accommodations, and the Modern Chaos 27
3 The Dominican Martyrs of Fujian 59
4 The Jesuit Martyrs of Hebei 89
5 The Franciscan Martyrs of Hunan and Shanxi 113
6 Other Martyrs from Other Missions 145
Conclusion Conflict to Accommodation: Resettling in
the Aftermath 177
Appendix Beatification and Canonization Dates of China’s Saints 181
Notes 187
Bibliography 235
Index 259
ix