China’s Influence and the Center-periphery Tug of War in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indo-Pacific PDF
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Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises and Dissent in World Politics CHINA’S INFLUENCE AND THE CENTER-PERIPHERY TUG OF WAR IN HONG KONG, TAIWAN AND INDO-PACIFIC Edited by Brian C.H. Fong, Wu Jieh-min and Andrew J. Nathan China’s Influence and the Center-periphery Tug of War in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indo-Pacific Bringing together a team of cutting-edge researchers based in Hong Kong, Taiwan and selected countries, this book focuses on the tug of war between China’s influence and forces of resistance in its surrounding jurisdictions. China’s influence has met growing defiance from citizens in Hong Kong and Taiwan who fear the extinction of their valued local identities. However, the book shows that resistance to China’s influence is a global phenomenon, varying in motivation and intensity from region to region and country to country depending on the forms of China’s influence and the balances of forces in each society. The book also advances a concentric center-periphery framework for comparing different forms of extra-jurisdictional Chinese influence mechanisms, ranging from economic, military and diplomatic influences to united front operations. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, international relations, geopolitics, Chinese politics, Hong Kong-China relations, Taiwan and Asian politics. Brian C.H. Fong is Associate Professor and Founding Associate Director of The Academy of Hong Kong Studies at The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Wu Jieh-min is Research Fellow at the Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, and served as a Director at the Center for Contemporary China, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Andrew J. Nathan is Class of 1919 Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, USA. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises and Dissent in World Politics This new series focuses on challenges, crises and dissent in world politics and the major political issues that have surfaced in recent years. It welcomes a wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches including critical and postmodern studies, and aims to improve our present understanding of global order through the exploration of major challenges to inter/national and regional governability, the effects of nation- alism, extremism, weak leadership and the emergence of new actors in international politics. Series editors: Karoline Postel-Vinay, Centre for International Studies and Research (CERI), France, and Nadine Godehardt, German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Germany. India’s Foreign Policy Discourse and its Conceptions of World Order The Quest for Power and Identity Thorsten Wojczewski Policy Transfer and Norm Circulation Towards an Interdisciplinary and Comparative Approach Edited by Laure Delcour and Elsa Tulmets The Politics of Resilience and Transatlantic Order Enduring Crisis? Edited by Gordon Friedrichs, Sebastian Harnisch and Cameron G. Thies China, the West, and Democratization The Struggle for the Local and the Global in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan Luba von Hauff China’s Influence and the Center-periphery Tug of War in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indo-Pacific Edited by Brian C.H. Fong, Wu Jieh-min and Andrew J. Nathan For more information about this series please visit: https: / /ww w .rou tledg e .com / Rout ledge -Stud ies -o n -Cha lleng es -Cr ises- and -D issen t -in- World -Poli tics/ book- serie s / CCD P Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University The Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute of Columbia University were inaugurated in 1962 to bring to a wider public the results of significant new research on modern and contemporary East Asia. China’s Influence and the Center-periphery Tug of War in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indo-Pacific Edited by Brian C.H. Fong, Wu Jieh-min and Andrew J. Nathan First published 2021 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Brian C.H. Fong, Wu Jieh-min and Andrew J. Nathan; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Brian C.H. Fong, Wu Jieh-min and Andrew J. Nathan to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Fong, Brian C.H., editor. | Wu, Jieh-Min, editor. | Nathan, Andrew J. (Andrew James), editor. Title: China’s influence and the center-periphery tug of war in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indo-Pacific / edited by Brian C.H. Fong, Wu Jieh-min and Andrew J. Nathan. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020029763 (print) | LCCN 2020029764 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367533564 (hardback) | ISBN 9781003088431 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: China--Relations--China--Hong Kong. | Hong Kong (China)--Relations--China. | China--Relations--Taiwan. | Taiwan-- Relations--China. | China--Relations--Pacific Area. | Pacific Area-- Relations--China. | China--Foreign relations--1976- Classification: LCC DS740.5.G6 H6325 2021 (print) | LCC DS740.5.G6 (ebook) | DDC 303.48/25125051--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020029763 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020029764 ISBN: 978-0-367-53356-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-08843-1 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India Disclaimer The chapters in this volume seek to offer scholarly, objective analyses of actors, events, forces, and trends relating to China’s influence. They do not express the authors’ personal political positions on the constitutional development of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other regions. Contents List of figures x List of tables xi List of contributors xiii Preface xv Introduction 1 1 Re-thinking China’s influence across surrounding jurisdictions: A concentric center-periphery framework 3 BRIAN C.H. FONG 2 More than sharp power: Chinese influence operations in Taiwan, Hong Kong and beyond 24 WU JIEH-MIN PART I Contextualizing China’s influence: The comparative perspectives 45 3 China’s assimilation of peripheries in former Qing imperial frontiers: A comparative-historical perspective 47 HO-FUNG HUNG 4 Peripheral nationalisms of Taiwan and Hong Kong under China’s influence: A comparative-nationalism perspective 59 WU RWEI-REN 5 China’s empire-building across peripheries: A comparative- imperialism perspective 74 KWONG KIN MING viii Contents PART II China’s influence in peripheral autonomy: Hong Kong as a case study 89 6 China’s influence on Hong Kong’s elections: Evidence from Legislative Council elections 91 MA NGOK 7 China’s influence on Hong Kong’s economy: Lessons from mainlander tourism 105 JACKSON YEH KUO HAO 8 China’s influence on Hong Kong’s media: Subduing press freedom 121 CHAN CHI KIT 9 China’s influence on Hong Kong’s entertainment industry: Lessons from film production 139 KLAVIER WANG 10 China’s influence on Hong Kong’s religions: Interreligious comparison 155 YING-HO KWONG PART III China’s influence in peripheral contested state: Taiwan as a case study 171 11 China’s influence on Taiwan’s elections: The impact of the “1992 Consensus” on presidential elections 173 WU JIEH-MIN AND LIAO M EI 12 China’s influence on Taiwan’s economy: The economic statecraft of mainlander tourism 191 TSAI HUNG-JENG 13 China’s influence on Taiwan’s media: A model of transnational diffusion of Chinese censorship 205 JAW-NIAN HUANG 14 China’s influence on Taiwan’s entertainment industry: The Chinese state, entertainment capital, and netizens in the witch-hunt for ‘Taiwan independence suspects’ 224 LIAO MEI Contents ix 15 China’s influence on Taiwan’s religions: Mazu belief across the strait 241 KU MING-CHUN AND HONG Y ING-FA PART IV China’s influence in peripheral sovereign states: Case studies from Indo-Pacific states 255 16 China’s influence in Southeast Asia: No easy answers 257 JA IAN CHONG 17 China’s influence in South Asia: Under the shadow of the Sino-Indian relationship 278 CHIETIGJ BAJPAEE 18 China’s Influence in Central Asia: Sinophobia and the Wave of Anti-China Protests 296 JUN KUMAKURA 19 China’s influence in Australia and New Zealand: Making the democratic world safe for dictatorship 310 CHONGYI FENG AND KEVIN C ARRICO Conclusion 329 20 China’s influence and the pushback: Tentative conclusions beyond Hong Kong and Taiwan 331 ANDREW J. NATHAN Epilogue 347 21 The place of Hong Kong and Taiwan in the Asia policies of the Trump Administration 349 RICHARD C. BUSH Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University 359 Index 360
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