China, New Zealand, and the Complexities of Globalization: Asymmetry, Complementarity, and Competition

300 Pages·2016·3.68 MB·English

by  Tim Beal

Tim Beal
Yuanfei Kang
china,
new zealand,
and the complexities
of globalization
Asymmetry,
Complementarity, and
Competition
China, New Zealand, and the Complexities of
Globalization
Tim Beal • Yuanfei Kang
China, New Zealand,
and the Complexities
of Globalization
Asymmetry, Complementarity, and Competition
Tim Beal Yuanfei Kang
Retired; formerly School of Marketing School of Management
and International Business Massey University School of
Victoria University of Wellington Management
Featherston, New Zealand Auckland, New Zealand
ISBN 978-1-137-52227-6 ISBN 978-1-137-51690-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-51690-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016960891
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C
ontents
1 China’s Economic Growth and Its Influence on 
New Zealand 1
Yuanfei Kang
2 The Historical Legacy—Themes and Issues 31
Tim Beal
3 Trade with the People’s Republic of China—The
Early Years 73
Tim Beal
4 The Flowering of the Relationship 103
Tim Beal
5 Bilateral FDI Relations Between China and 
New Zealand: General Trends, Driving Forces
and Perceptions 141
Yuanfei Kang
6 The Development of the Agrifood Market in China:
Opportunities and Challenges 169
Mian Wu
v
vi CONTENTS
7 New Zealand and the Complexities of Globalization 203
Tim Beal
Statistical Appendix 241
I ndex 281
L f
ist of igures
Fig. 2.1 China’s share of world merchandise trade 1950–2014 36
Fig. 2.2 Asia and Britain in the direction of New Zealand
exports 1859–1997 45
Fig. 2.3 Rough estimate of New Zealand’s share of China’s trade,
1883–1930 58
Fig. 3.1 China’s share of New Zealand’s exports, 1945–2014 74
Fig. 3.2 China’s share of New Zealand imports, 1945–2014 75
Fig. 3.3 New Zealand’s trade with Greater China, 1950–2014,
by constituent part 79
Fig. 3.4 Contesting constituents: Mainland, Hong Kong and
Taiwan in New Zealand’s trade, 1950–1996 81
Fig. 3.5 Wool in New Zealand’s exports to China 1949–2014 91
Fig. 4.1 New Zealand’s imports from China after WTO accession,
by index number 111
Fig. 4.2 New Zealand’s exports to China after WTO accession,
by index number 112
Fig. 4.3 Top three exports to China, 1989–2014, by value 116
Fig. 4.4 Top three exports to China, 1989–2014, by share 117
Fig. 4.5 New and old—Machinery and textile imports from
China 1989–2014, by value 119
Fig. 4.6 New and old—Machinery and textile imports from
China 1989–2014, by share 120
Fig. 4.7 Tourism expenditure by country, 2015 127
Fig. 4.8 China’s share of New Zealand tourism, 1979–2015 129
Fig. 6.1 Annual GDP growth of China from 1970 to 2014 175
Fig. 6.2 Agricultural production in China from 1970 to 2012
(value in USD) 176
vii
viii LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 6.3 Sector’s contribution to GDP, 1990–2014 177
Fig. 6.4 China’s old-age dependency ratio, 1990–2014 182
Fig. 6.5 China’s expenditure on R&D activities, 2000–2012 185
Fig. 6.6 Patent applications of China, USA, Germany and
Japan, 1980–2014 186
Fig. 6.7 Number of researchers in the R&D sector 187
Fig. 6.8 Total FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index, BRICS countries 191
Fig. 6.9 Sectorwise FDI restrictiveness in China, 2014 192
Fig. 6.10 Energy production in China, 1990–2014, Unit: Mt. 194
L t
ist of abLes
Table 2.1 Direction of NZ exports, 1859 51
Table 2.2 New Zealand’s major export markets, 1937 53
Table 2.3 New Zealand—China trade 1881–1911 55
Table 3.1 C ommodities exported to China during 1949–1989
identified in the Official Yearbook 93
Table 3.2 Diversification of exports to China by period 93
Table 3.3 Timeline of exports to China and Taiwan, initial years 94
Table 3.4 T he Harbinger effect: Timeline of exports of
lifestyle commodities 94
Table 3.5 Exports of dried milk to China and Taiwan 96
Table 3.6 Imports of textiles from China, 1949–1984 97
Table 4.1 N ew Zealand’s trade with China and Taiwan, 2014
compared with 2001. Index number; 2001 = 100 105
Table 4.2 New Zealand’s trade with China after the FTA 113
Table 4.3 T rade with China by quarter since June Year
(1 July to 30 June of the following year) 2014 113
Table 4.4 Concentration of top ten exports to China 1989–2014 114
Table 4.5 Top ten import categories 1989–2014 118
Table 4.6 N ew Zealand’s top five imports from China and India, 2014,
by four-digit HS code 122
Table 4.7 Goods and Services in trade with China, 2014 124
Table 4.8 Average tourism expenditure 2015, by country of origin 128
Table 4.9 China’s share of international students, 2006–2012 130
Table 5.1 I nward and outward stocks of FDI for selected countries
in 2010, millions of US$ 145
Table 6.1 Political analysis 174
Table 6.2 Economic analysis 181
ix
x LIST OF TABLES
Table 6.3 Social analysis 184
Table 6.4 Technological analysis of China 189
Table 6.5 Legal analysis of China 193
Table 6.6 Environmental analysis of China 197
Table 7.1 Basic indicators 206
Table 7.2 New Zealand and China, rank in world trade 2014 208
Table 7.3 New Zealand and China in world merchandise trade,
2014, value and share. Exports fob; imports cif 208
Table 7.4 Composition of merchandise exports and imports,
2014.% of total 209
Table 7.5 Trade in commercial services, 2014 211
Table 7.6 Patent grants by the Patent Office, 2013 212
Table 7.7 Dairy exports to China 2010–2015 224
Table A.1 China’s share of world merchandise trade, 1949–2014 241
Table A.2 Direction of New Zealand trade, 1882 244
Table A.3 China’s trade with Australia and New Zealand, 1864–1948 245
Table A.4 New Zealand’s exports to Greater China 1859–2014,
by value (NZ$ at current values) 247
Table A.5 New Zealand’s exports to Greater China 1859–2014,
by share. Percentage share of total exports 251
Table A.6 New Zealand’s imports from Greater China 1859–2014,
by value. NZ$ at current values 255
Table A.7 New Zealand’s imports from Greater China 1859–2014,
by share. Percentage share of total imports 258
Table A.8 China’s trade with New Zealand and world, 1984–2014 262
Table A.9 New Zealand’s exports of wool to China and total to world,
1949–1984, by quantity 266
Table A.10 New Zealand’s exports of wool to China and total to world,
1949–1984, by value 267
Table A.11 New Zealand’s exports of wool to China and total to world,
1985–1988. $m 268
Table A.12 New Zealand’s exports of wool to China and world,
1949–2014. Values in $’000 269
Table A.13 WTO accession: Index numbers of NZ trade with China,
Taiwan and the world, 1989–2014. 2001 = 100 271
Table A.14 Composition of New Zealand Exports to China
1989–2014, by two-digit HS code 272
Table A.15 Composition of New Zealand imports from
China 1989–2014, by two-digit HS code 274
Table A.16 Education and tourism; visitor arrivals from China
and world, 1979–2015, by numbers 276
Table A.17 Education and Tourism; visitor arrivals from China,
1979–2015, by share 278