China, Korea and Japan: the rise of civilization in East Asia

287 Pages·1993·73.3 MB·English

by  Gina Lee Barnes

“«y The
ig Rise of
Civilization

in
East Asia

GINA L. BARNES
CHINA
KOREA

APAN
J The
Rise of
Civilization
in
EastAsia
GINA L. BARNES.
With 217 dlustrations

fExa)
eB
THAMES AND HUDSON
For Daud

{Peay Teen Hu La Laon

ts bln mae Ce Si oie
"Fanart Hane Jef ED Ase,
yas Se Fo aore

Lier of Congr Cag Cad Nobo peas

Pr md nd in Shoo iy lioab Kie
Contents

Prefisve
Nackeroond ; Obereves 9. Grewnling re Liming 13,
Sets Aeknnmecpments*§

Orientation

erent artuesogcs 46 Fa Asia cole 25

ee | Documanary Sores 20 21

Archaeology Emergent

‘Atguirianin 28 Atchaclogs fw: the Wess ay Modsen
‘cgaization 35 ‘The sharsererof Lane Aah sechocoleg® 39

Fi 2: Confers hi Fe sos

“The Farliest Inbubituntsrsyamnowo-4s00 years ag

peopting of Last sis 42 dome recs at Zhaukaudin 4
Heh the Tames Cara” 38' Dison te Pleolibie
‘ase Cha go 8 cond pooping! $3

os 3. Posi Paces 4b-s7

Innovations of Mader Taman: 40,000 10,00
yenrs nee

eplocicg ae Asntind 55. Lae Paleolithic tke ecologies 59
‘mati espe fo Palo arte Liabingers a
Neothi 4

Bax 4 Aeron Chant eds

Littoral Voragers: ¥0,900-1000 HC

Andou fa slallncond 2 shes figs? 7 Yes
‘ahaa? 9

For Teva PtrenyVradane 39 31

Agricultural Beginnings: jwue-z000 HC

aly ring vlogs >‘ dooteiion ot specie 9
Reyiona Neolithic clesres 97 Setemene studies 303

oe Mesh ad Sane w Nese Cais

be Limeegence af Neolithic Kies: 3390-3090 1
efi anashan a8 Competition and wie nthe ae
Newitbie 3

aoe Jae,

este Valo ong 128

%

oa

co

cy
8 The Mainland Dronze Age: 2008 1300

Taeadeen of onze working 2g Cal Phin cues
development £24

Fon 8: Adana in Kil Tosh

9 Katly Maintand States: 1300-230 06

Poles desehpannt cg Zhou waTace ao rie «yh
inners endeevours 143

Ny 9 Chinese Ion Tela 190

tn The Northern Frontier: 3000 300 BE

Nowe slatins to4 Questian af easly a58 Tle Pele
Bre Age Ge

Has te De Tass Spates 14

‘The Spread of Rice Agriculture: 1090 Mt: ab 309
ulster erarafrmativs 968 youu 288

he Making aud Breaking oF Empire: 220 9C-AD goo

Cofcation 12 Terrier pansion 1g, Fete espns sos
TDlation of he cai 36

Lay r2"Ilin Tenby and Arc 200 201

eg The Yellow Sea Tnrcenction Sphece! goa 8C-AT 500

Ghowon 208 The Talang comneniery soy Thesnahern
Teremlaig, Western Vay ieractin 8

ot 23: Steno Production 95

14, The Muunded

Ris ofthe renal ate 222. Scenyx Fermin 341
Negionl tear 249

Ba cg: The Weir noe: 30 25

“Toms Culture AB yoo-gan

15 East Asinn Cisitiration: 0 630-So0
Ciysespes ab ‘evra azninievaion 255. Sate Hance 255
Fx ag: Mane Arshavohigy iha55

16 Epilogue: ab Bons
useing Unrate welaedoge 363
Merscar vats as Rebuel and peserevcacise iets 266
ba atchaeology shy Focure pags 260

NNoves tothe Text
Further Reading and Titiogranhy
Soneces oF tstreion

Index

ny

Be

183

168

192

aot

yh

2

ai
a
Preface

‘hs Hast Asian countries of China, Japan and the Koreas! ace of ever~
increasing mportance in tadas's ward, Madecn eferencee in political and
‘conpmic ssstems, customs; Languages and natinal characters sumetimes
fbecure the fact that ees theoe countries boast «common heritage uf yet
Iustoricl depe Several eurrene books ere as spmthese of o spin lets
for, hearctineulogy ved early intury nf we urna of Ue Hever fe
Further Reading” Prefae anil Chapter 1). The prevent ek, nmeney, the
First regal sjruhen uf Fast Asian archavcligy ad etely Witory, eying
lager the nine ely deselapmente within the ete tego

“Tis hook oualines the social nd peel developmeats within Fhe meter
counties of China, Kasea and Japan up i and ine!uding the Rh ecntary A
‘Pisa natural exe point in che history of he ego: because it marks the
‘maroeation of governmencalsyscemsinall threcareastased ona shared eligion
(Buddhism, sate philosophy (Confusiansm), and bureauerade structure
{founded on adminsestivelaw’) Prior tothis date the ares of mudern Kures
snd Japen bad a Developmental traectory sather Uiferet from China T willbe
facusing un the evidence fr inital dlleretintion and he tres for even
intezrition uf these areas, Ta ave sense, i woul mina refer a the
tego ay “East Aaa! un hie ioueyraton was aehicee ~ thy the tse of
civilization i these thece countries i aenalt the story of rhe formation of
bast An

Background

Much of the curcent commanalicy among East Asian countries is due tothe
cxtraurdinary influence of the ealy-Jeveloping Chinese civlizason on its
cascern mighbowrs particularly che diffusion f Buldbism and] Confusianis
into he arly sates Thisisaottusiy; howe er, thatthe Tier sucintes roo ing
tow of these ster were carn cupies of Chiva wal che Tee oi signe

res, One uf the rersua for Tapas aexndny in Themetern work is bet
samuel decelopment al a comple mi ‘nmin
tule: daring the pe-wodern Fi erin (rhas-aH6lh. to fast Japan’
Bisel earings wih rhe onreids werd can he mapped in pendarnlke
swig fom active slictarian and absnrptinn af foreign culture ta pevids of
{snltionistincuhawon teuding to che developmenr of 2 ich and snbitely
retined native eure. Such foitininm alga tone hold periodically cn the
ocean Feninivh, with the pre-inodem Chosun perio (1392-ryeo) being
populkaly walled the "Hermit Kinglue’, Qnty in eevea times fin the Mei
peril Frown 19810 World War aad during ho pt-Weld War IT peril
Fen Japa lae tthe Wiest during her ghases of Tnsign neti, iis
this, China wae 4 narueal magnet for Japan, Korea and all omer peoples of
astern Faas

‘The crucial period of active unporetion aad adopeion of Chinese ways
secured in che tth and 3th centuries, The caneomparancous goveromente
the Korean Peninsula (Shilla? and the Japanese Islands (Yarnatej bac looked
at thar time « the Sui and Tang Diynassies on che China Munland far
ministrative psters after which they could muded their new sates. Among,
‘he ites borrowed were the greed ety phim he Tang capital he regional
éministmtive sytem, val ees af nw. One shou mu, however, mike he
raise of thinkcg that this extrzurinary peal of reeplisity Dasaeterized
al previons iteratinn heewcen peoples af rhe Cina Mauna, rhe Kican
eninau andthe Japanese Fauna. he falls ia doing ea are several,
frvared bel

‘One fallacy ito cht rar such counties as ‘China’ ‘Korea’ and ‘Japan’
cused in those culier periods. They did not. The asc Asian landscape eas
such more poitially and culeualiy varied, andi the above terms are used in
is book, cheytefr only co geographical ateas ache chan to political exities
unless ocheewisespeefed. A second fallacy sto chink ehat the flow of cultucsl
influence was all unidirectional from ehe Chins Mainland ensewieds to the
Peninsula aul Ils sas at, Cost intecictivn Linked amallerucens uf
Est Asia, and within chose spheres, cuwtit and exelnge ots mki=
directions Moreover, here 92s uomicerabe inlvenee Thiago the age
Ji the Funasan steppe reins al Irv Socata. Fel, 5 rong
to ink Maral areas were natal inaauch sathardevelopment oceaeee it
oncor. Ir di aot JURE a in hsoica rimes, there eee periods of rence
inteaston and pets of relaneeinlatnn between these eeographica arcs,
Fy eating che ealeral histories ofshe modern bast Asian countisrogerter 2
ie prsible to gun a sense atthe masai of early peoples, eleerczand polities
seb crase-cut whacare ns midern matienal ondares. lth each East
Asian nacin today aims portions of the mosaic fr its individual history, He
ancient etitie belong tu noone al no thing edher than thelr eva time acid
place, Nationlitic views ofa development are hereby eschemed.

TToe any. parciculsr “opic, there are tate differences in the quality and
sqsatty of rchavolopcal dace aeailuble in the diferent Ease Asin countries
Such inherent bites in the evidence are exploited to full advantage in this
bovk, and nu allempt is mace te give “equal coverage to the imliidal
aecheulugies uf the Useee sation. On Ie ether band, steps ae nade
{ct ormparable sats fem the nce. ents om delay egies of

interes. lings sme rie well-kiseedlah way be ech in odor
tn provide a raghma enszest for understnaing the leo hat ea ein
Inde frame
Objectives

This book thus serves as 2 regionally incegrated introduction to the
archueolopes and early histories ofthe modern nations ef China, Kerca and
Japan for readers approaching the subject for the frst time. oth East Asian
“enthusiasts wh are unacquainted with archaeologca? method and archaeo-
Togy enthusiasts who know litle abouc Fast Asia are catered for. Since no
assumpions are mad abiat radars knvoledge of Fast Asan lengnges, an
2uenyp has hoe nade ie Faghnlangenge iterators wberever possible
‘ha topes of iareees can he usual inlependently. An effort hs asu been
made to keep Easr Asian place and perl ans 4 enti fe cosy
sss.

"The sim of cis bak igen describe and secount forthe majoesorn-eueurs
devalapmencsin fast Asa through the millennia tos S20, Dat ave integrated
cross the region within successive tme-trmnes co make it possible ca seieve
‘is overview. Llowever, a pice grasp af each Ease sian county's sequence i
revessary 10 understand the overview, since this bole employs luca
chrunologiesnnd culturesasitsbuilding blacks. Before embarking on themajor
lush therefore, wn "Orientation i prvi by isewssng the changing nture
uf archueelogval enysiny into prehistoric, peoubistoriy wad bistorie periods
rb Avast ree SAR) ait Tog, Hens Kis, Moin dat ite ee)

sul trac. the viel sequen Chinese, Tapamese an Kure cules
tors, Ta the Curer divcnsion, seas oF the anthropological euwepts
complain hcTk are fatrodacea an eid ete alte ih
Aissipine,

Grounding

‘Tae central zeogeaphical pine af reference for chistexe is the “Yellow Sea
ses Tasn’ which begins atthe Shanghai Delta and runs up the cast case of the
‘Chins Mainland tothe mouths ofthe Yellow River in che nocthwes [whose
‘tsasported loss ails make the Yellow Sea yellow) and che Lino Rive in the
uethenit (Ursining te lower Mancha Basin}, then down the west cust of
the Korea Peninola 10 Kush Islan Interally che pinching ia uf the
‘Shandong ual Lisulomg penile divides the Bolsi Bay region inthe north
Froay the Yellow Sea tel. The her is uper-ened un the uth, erage
ths Fast Chins Sea whigh laps Che western ee the Rk Tala aml