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China, Korea and Japan: the rise of civilization in East Asia PDF

287 Pages·1993·73.3 MB·English
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Preview China, Korea and Japan: the rise of civilization in East Asia

“«y The ig Rise of Civilization in East Asia GINA L. BARNES CHINA KOREA APAN J The Rise of Civilization in EastAsia GINA L. BARNES. With 217 dlustrations fExa) eB THAMES AND HUDSON For Daud {Peay Teen Hu La Laon ts bln mae Ce Si oie "Fanart Hane Jef ED Ase, yas Se Fo aore Lier of Congr Cag Cad Nobo peas Pr md nd in Shoo iy lioab Kie Contents Prefisve Nackeroond ; Obereves 9. Grewnling re Liming 13, Sets Aeknnmecpments*§ Orientation erent artuesogcs 46 Fa Asia cole 25 ee | Documanary Sores 20 21 Archaeology Emergent ‘Atguirianin 28 Atchaclogs fw: the Wess ay Modsen ‘cgaization 35 ‘The sharsererof Lane Aah sechocoleg® 39 Fi 2: Confers hi Fe sos “The Farliest Inbubituntsrsyamnowo-4s00 years ag peopting of Last sis 42 dome recs at Zhaukaudin 4 Heh the Tames Cara” 38' Dison te Pleolibie ‘ase Cha go 8 cond pooping! $3 os 3. Posi Paces 4b-s7 Innovations of Mader Taman: 40,000 10,00 yenrs nee eplocicg ae Asntind 55. Lae Paleolithic tke ecologies 59 ‘mati espe fo Palo arte Liabingers a Neothi 4 Bax 4 Aeron Chant eds Littoral Voragers: ¥0,900-1000 HC Andou fa slallncond 2 shes figs? 7 Yes ‘ahaa? 9 For Teva PtrenyVradane 39 31 Agricultural Beginnings: jwue-z000 HC aly ring vlogs >‘ dooteiion ot specie 9 Reyiona Neolithic clesres 97 Setemene studies 303 oe Mesh ad Sane w Nese Cais be Limeegence af Neolithic Kies: 3390-3090 1 efi anashan a8 Competition and wie nthe ae Newitbie 3 aoe Jae, este Valo ong 128 % oa co cy 8 The Mainland Dronze Age: 2008 1300 Taeadeen of onze working 2g Cal Phin cues development £24 Fon 8: Adana in Kil Tosh 9 Katly Maintand States: 1300-230 06 Poles desehpannt cg Zhou waTace ao rie «yh inners endeevours 143 Ny 9 Chinese Ion Tela 190 tn The Northern Frontier: 3000 300 BE Nowe slatins to4 Questian af easly a58 Tle Pele Bre Age Ge Has te De Tass Spates 14 ‘The Spread of Rice Agriculture: 1090 Mt: ab 309 ulster erarafrmativs 968 youu 288 he Making aud Breaking oF Empire: 220 9C-AD goo Cofcation 12 Terrier pansion 1g, Fete espns sos TDlation of he cai 36 Lay r2"Ilin Tenby and Arc 200 201 eg The Yellow Sea Tnrcenction Sphece! goa 8C-AT 500 Ghowon 208 The Talang comneniery soy Thesnahern Teremlaig, Western Vay ieractin 8 ot 23: Steno Production 95 14, The Muunded Ris ofthe renal ate 222. Scenyx Fermin 341 Negionl tear 249 Ba cg: The Weir noe: 30 25 “Toms Culture AB yoo-gan 15 East Asinn Cisitiration: 0 630-So0 Ciysespes ab ‘evra azninievaion 255. Sate Hance 255 Fx ag: Mane Arshavohigy iha55 16 Epilogue: ab Bons useing Unrate welaedoge 363 Merscar vats as Rebuel and peserevcacise iets 266 ba atchaeology shy Focure pags 260 NNoves tothe Text Further Reading and Titiogranhy Soneces oF tstreion Index ny Be 183 168 192 aot yh 2 ai a Preface ‘hs Hast Asian countries of China, Japan and the Koreas! ace of ever~ increasing mportance in tadas's ward, Madecn eferencee in political and ‘conpmic ssstems, customs; Languages and natinal characters sumetimes fbecure the fact that ees theoe countries boast «common heritage uf yet Iustoricl depe Several eurrene books ere as spmthese of o spin lets for, hearctineulogy ved early intury nf we urna of Ue Hever fe Further Reading” Prefae anil Chapter 1). The prevent ek, nmeney, the First regal sjruhen uf Fast Asian archavcligy ad etely Witory, eying lager the nine ely deselapmente within the ete tego “Tis hook oualines the social nd peel developmeats within Fhe meter counties of China, Kasea and Japan up i and ine!uding the Rh ecntary A ‘Pisa natural exe point in che history of he ego: because it marks the ‘maroeation of governmencalsyscemsinall threcareastased ona shared eligion (Buddhism, sate philosophy (Confusiansm), and bureauerade structure {founded on adminsestivelaw’) Prior tothis date the ares of mudern Kures snd Japen bad a Developmental traectory sather Uiferet from China T willbe facusing un the evidence fr inital dlleretintion and he tres for even intezrition uf these areas, Ta ave sense, i woul mina refer a the tego ay “East Aaa! un hie ioueyraton was aehicee ~ thy the tse of civilization i these thece countries i aenalt the story of rhe formation of bast An Background Much of the curcent commanalicy among East Asian countries is due tothe cxtraurdinary influence of the ealy-Jeveloping Chinese civlizason on its cascern mighbowrs particularly che diffusion f Buldbism and] Confusianis into he arly sates Thisisaottusiy; howe er, thatthe Tier sucintes roo ing tow of these ster were carn cupies of Chiva wal che Tee oi signe res, One uf the rersua for Tapas aexndny in Themetern work is bet samuel decelopment al a comple mi ‘nmin tule: daring the pe-wodern Fi erin (rhas-aH6lh. to fast Japan’ Bisel earings wih rhe onreids werd can he mapped in pendarnlke swig fom active slictarian and absnrptinn af foreign culture ta pevids of {snltionistincuhawon teuding to che developmenr of 2 ich and snbitely retined native eure. Such foitininm alga tone hold periodically cn the ocean Feninivh, with the pre-inodem Chosun perio (1392-ryeo) being populkaly walled the "Hermit Kinglue’, Qnty in eevea times fin the Mei peril Frown 19810 World War aad during ho pt-Weld War IT peril Fen Japa lae tthe Wiest during her ghases of Tnsign neti, iis this, China wae 4 narueal magnet for Japan, Korea and all omer peoples of astern Faas ‘The crucial period of active unporetion aad adopeion of Chinese ways secured in che tth and 3th centuries, The caneomparancous goveromente the Korean Peninsula (Shilla? and the Japanese Islands (Yarnatej bac looked at thar time « the Sui and Tang Diynassies on che China Munland far ministrative psters after which they could muded their new sates. Among, ‘he ites borrowed were the greed ety phim he Tang capital he regional éministmtive sytem, val ees af nw. One shou mu, however, mike he raise of thinkcg that this extrzurinary peal of reeplisity Dasaeterized al previons iteratinn heewcen peoples af rhe Cina Mauna, rhe Kican eninau andthe Japanese Fauna. he falls ia doing ea are several, frvared bel ‘One fallacy ito cht rar such counties as ‘China’ ‘Korea’ and ‘Japan’ cused in those culier periods. They did not. The asc Asian landscape eas such more poitially and culeualiy varied, andi the above terms are used in is book, cheytefr only co geographical ateas ache chan to political exities unless ocheewisespeefed. A second fallacy sto chink ehat the flow of cultucsl influence was all unidirectional from ehe Chins Mainland ensewieds to the Peninsula aul Ils sas at, Cost intecictivn Linked amallerucens uf Est Asia, and within chose spheres, cuwtit and exelnge ots mki= directions Moreover, here 92s uomicerabe inlvenee Thiago the age Ji the Funasan steppe reins al Irv Socata. Fel, 5 rong to ink Maral areas were natal inaauch sathardevelopment oceaeee it oncor. Ir di aot JURE a in hsoica rimes, there eee periods of rence inteaston and pets of relaneeinlatnn between these eeographica arcs, Fy eating che ealeral histories ofshe modern bast Asian countisrogerter 2 ie prsible to gun a sense atthe masai of early peoples, eleerczand polities seb crase-cut whacare ns midern matienal ondares. lth each East Asian nacin today aims portions of the mosaic fr its individual history, He ancient etitie belong tu noone al no thing edher than thelr eva time acid place, Nationlitic views ofa development are hereby eschemed. TToe any. parciculsr “opic, there are tate differences in the quality and sqsatty of rchavolopcal dace aeailuble in the diferent Ease Asin countries Such inherent bites in the evidence are exploited to full advantage in this bovk, and nu allempt is mace te give “equal coverage to the imliidal aecheulugies uf the Useee sation. On Ie ether band, steps ae nade {ct ormparable sats fem the nce. ents om delay egies of interes. lings sme rie well-kiseedlah way be ech in odor tn provide a raghma enszest for understnaing the leo hat ea ein Inde frame Objectives This book thus serves as 2 regionally incegrated introduction to the archueolopes and early histories ofthe modern nations ef China, Kerca and Japan for readers approaching the subject for the frst time. oth East Asian “enthusiasts wh are unacquainted with archaeologca? method and archaeo- Togy enthusiasts who know litle abouc Fast Asia are catered for. Since no assumpions are mad abiat radars knvoledge of Fast Asan lengnges, an 2uenyp has hoe nade ie Faghnlangenge iterators wberever possible ‘ha topes of iareees can he usual inlependently. An effort hs asu been made to keep Easr Asian place and perl ans 4 enti fe cosy sss. "The sim of cis bak igen describe and secount forthe majoesorn-eueurs devalapmencsin fast Asa through the millennia tos S20, Dat ave integrated cross the region within successive tme-trmnes co make it possible ca seieve ‘is overview. Llowever, a pice grasp af each Ease sian county's sequence i revessary 10 understand the overview, since this bole employs luca chrunologiesnnd culturesasitsbuilding blacks. Before embarking on themajor lush therefore, wn "Orientation i prvi by isewssng the changing nture uf archueelogval enysiny into prehistoric, peoubistoriy wad bistorie periods rb Avast ree SAR) ait Tog, Hens Kis, Moin dat ite ee) sul trac. the viel sequen Chinese, Tapamese an Kure cules tors, Ta the Curer divcnsion, seas oF the anthropological euwepts complain hcTk are fatrodacea an eid ete alte ih Aissipine, Grounding ‘Tae central zeogeaphical pine af reference for chistexe is the “Yellow Sea ses Tasn’ which begins atthe Shanghai Delta and runs up the cast case of the ‘Chins Mainland tothe mouths ofthe Yellow River in che nocthwes [whose ‘tsasported loss ails make the Yellow Sea yellow) and che Lino Rive in the uethenit (Ursining te lower Mancha Basin}, then down the west cust of the Korea Peninola 10 Kush Islan Interally che pinching ia uf the ‘Shandong ual Lisulomg penile divides the Bolsi Bay region inthe north Froay the Yellow Sea tel. The her is uper-ened un the uth, erage ths Fast Chins Sea whigh laps Che western ee the Rk Tala aml

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