China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization PDF
Preview China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization
China in the Early Bronze Age Encounters with Asia Victor H. Mair, Series Editor EncounterswithAsiais an interdisciplinaryseries dedicated to the exploration ofall the majorregions and culturesofthisvastcontinent. Its timeframe extendsfrom the prehistoric to the contemporary; its geographic scope rangesfrom the Urals and the Caucasus to the Pacific.Aparticularfocus ofthe seriesis the SilkRoad in all ofits ramifications: religion, art, music, medicine, science, trade, andso forth. Amongthe disciplines representedin thisseries are history, archeology, anthropology, ethnography, and linguistics. The series aims particularlyto clarifythe complexinterrelationships amongvarious peopleswithinAsia, and alsowith societiesbeyondAsia. China in the Early Bronze Age Shang Civilization Robert L. Thorp PENN UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia Publication ofthis volume was assisted by a subvention from the Centerfor EastAsian StudiesoftheUniversityofPennsylvania Copyright©2006UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Allrightsreserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publishedby UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104-4112 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Thorp,RobertL.,1946- Chinaintheearlybronzeage:Shangcivilization/ RobertL.Thorp. p. cm.-(EncounterswithAsia) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-8122-3910-2 ISBN-I0:0-8122-3910-5 (cloth:alk.paper) 1. China-History-Shangdynasty, 1766-1122B.C. I. Title. II. Series DS744.2.T46 2005 931'.02-dc22 2005042426 In Memoriam: Kwang-chih Chang (193 1-2001) This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofIllustrations IX ANote on Documentation XVII Preface XIX Introduction 1 Geographical Setting: Macroregions 1 CulturalSetting: The LongshanAge 7 1. Dawn ofthe BronzeAge: The Erlitou Culture 21 The ErlitouSite 25 The MaterialWorld: Bronze andJade 36 ContemporaryCulturesand Interaction 49 The Searchfor the Xia 57 2. Foundations ofthe BronzeAge: The ErligangCulture 62 ANetworkofSites 62 Technologies ofPowerand Prestige 78 viii Contents ErligangSociety: Material Evidence 99 Erligangand the Regions 106 3. The ShangKings atAnyang 117 Exploration ofYinxu 120 "GreatSettlementShang" 126 Elite Crafts 153 4. ShangCult: Divination and Sacrifice 172 Oracle-Bone Divination 172 Ritual Spacesand Sacrifice Ritual 185 Bronze RitualVessels 191 Inscriptions and Social Relations 208 5. The Late ShangWorld 214 TheViewfromYinxu 215 Exchange Relations: Resources and Products 237 Cause and Effect: Debts to Shang 244 Mterword: The Invention ofChinese Civilization 264 Suggested Reading 267 Notes 275 Index 283 Acknowledgments 291 Illustrations Maps 1 China: macroregions 5 2 Distribution, LongshanAge sites 9 3 Chang's "Chinese InteractionSphere" 13 4 Culturescontemporarywith Erlitou 49 5 Erligangperiodsites 63 6 Late Shangsites nearAnyang 118 7 Sites contemporarywithAnyang 215 Figures P.l "Three Sovereigns" rubbingfromWufamilyshrines XXVI 0.1 K. C. ChangatShangqiu 11 0.2 WallsatShijiahe,Tianmen 16 0.3 Walls atTaosisite, Xiangfen 18 0.4 Settlementdistribution nearChengziyai 19 1.1 Erlitousite 22
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