Children's World Atlas PDF
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Limit of summer pack ice FraLnazn Jdosef SZeevmerlynaaya Spitsbergen New Siberian Greenland Islands Sea Limit of winter pack ice NZeomvalyyaa Laptev Sea Barents Kara DeIncSetmlraaanritkd BNIrsiltoeissrhSweeNaSgoeriatah nU SRca nNdBOoiarlt aiec Stnh aEPvu irao pE ea n Plain SeVaolga al Mountains Sea SAiPWbleaerisintaOnb’ SSYenisey i SibIerbCiaenn tPralalteeauALarke Baikail Lena a Khrebemt uCr hersOkSoSkgaehoka ho oatslfikn CAaIzpsolera MVenCIssdaealrsdandneaeidrrysa SBB Pias yecIn baoaiMyefnSrGAisoauutnullla fnaA haotsf Ma NiiEngAFeer shhdeaigRAtgleaAdarrpHaiIrlgmsaahlw anCanTdresiCb aBaeAarsnpDltkaa iaatSnhnLiiubsayea nbnM D eeaMse rt t tss NBilAae lt aRcinfHEkt atiSVRghateelhdilS aDooSleepayayle niriasCdianeaasruntPcHaAAesoufnrrsrGZn Piaacig ureaonoblrfsfG s MsiCSoiuoaafue ualnAnnafsIPltradpalaiaenintnsaei Ur aanAnuAraArbairabanil aSHnien aSdPeuIMnaaIDd usTmsK alehaBlsuidnaearseteWrsnrirLd Glsvhthkasatse h kDaesEHhaTesKteirGcineu acnGmnnhS aalgtSrus eanihn sMAL oPBal BoanMfnlueaIn adaNsn TAnM2(koIyal 8tyt9saluaimgi8a etol,cnbna0oa5iaaouaadin3en0tfb lunn5asmtsdastfi rstn) Esv erest YeMPMllYeeokoananw gl RniiavnegyrtsG zue lao CSbSohueiniatha MPhilYipapieSnnePT lIseCllancadoEsal SPahhihwiawleiiipupsninaneaP tTrraennchi hani(lSERIiMsepSJaKylaaaspeuypntaiku ad nSy osnsAuheeJfCauaM)peaIan salrrainaHBoonnindH TroealnsclnhoksiMahkrinaauna iTre hncdeo Guinea Congo Gre Lake Victoria Basin S Borneo Celebes a A TOLicC Ridge AEAsNceAnsiToNn IISslta CHndelenAaBnagBsCoianlasapine NamCoinbg o Desert KBDaalesasiDhnearrtarkiGereatR nifstZV baealrlmegLTy b aaeknzegi anLNyayikMkoaezK1(aas5m9aib8i,lq3i9ume 45C0hmaafnntn)el jMaadagraSsoBcaor amsianli SReIRyéicOuMhdneNlaigloueensr C itiDusEI AA NN Ninetyeast Ridge Javuam aTtrra ench J aEv aJaa vsa tSe VaI icnAStNoaGrnduUir ladG elT iyaaDSrir tSmeeeDbeaaoostseTrres rPetrRlAtairnSaAe fuarGaLNuIienwDAaerGl airneGregata B atr r iDer iRviedeinfg nRa t Cape of n eg n a Good Hope i a Tristan da Cunha d n tl Gough Island t I S Bass Strait A es o w u Tasmania - h t d u t he i S o as M t I Kerguelen ndi a n R i d g e Limit of winter pack ice South Indian Basin S O U T H E R N O C E A N A N T A R C T I C A Limit of summer pack ice (c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved. Ellesmere Island A R C T I C O C E A N East Siberian Sea Beaufort Sea u e e n E l i z a b e t h I slands Greenland Q Baffin Limit of summer pack ice Bay Chukchi Sea Brooks Range Baffin Islan Bering Strait Mount McKinley Mackenzie GLarkeeat Bear d Arctic Circle (Denali) 20,321ft Great Slave KamchTartekna ch E BeALrlimeiuitn tofi gwain nAtS eABrl epelaauecsaktui iinctaein aIns lTa nr des n c h GA(61ul94almfs) koaf CVoaansct oRMuovouenrtcainks y Mo NLakOe RTHCanaLWd aiikaAnenn iSpMehgHielEuBdda RsyonICdP'éUAninngsauvlaeLMaouurnentatiianns LabSreaador MKMNouruilioPend Btr-aaPaticanhscisiwif fniicecm persor SeatmCouPnts eanctifriacl P oHawlaMi‘ieannd oIsclianMnodu FsrHrr aaawcyt auFir‘riae cZtuornee Zone Island Coast Ranges Luowern CatliafoSriienrnriaas M Gadrer OeccaidetnSierr ta aMPla dlrae OiMnrisise snotuarli MMiGsPsissYipeupeiun xlcifnia costoaufnla GGArperpaeaatl atLceahWrik aAeens nsMttA tiIsl mNlnBedeosar risiteichnsan Aof GNTreawnfdoL uBnadnMAilkda-snAdtNlantTirTco piRci oIfd CgaenC cer IslManidscrBaMsIsialnrasnhdasll yn P OA CC EI AF IN C Middle America Trench CarSibebaean AGLuneitsaisnlelaers O C E A N o Highlands e n Lin Equator nSolomone Islandss i esiaPI shlaonendisx e Islands sia Physical key GIasllaapnadgsos An AmaAzS oMAnmO aEBzoUanR sTiInCHA hlands d g CSoeraal VNaenwu aCtauleadonia F iji nch ToSnagmaoa Cook Islands Elevation119938,,461382f64t/fftt3//064000000m00mm BPaesriun Peru - Chile Tes ChacMoPalaton aGltroo sdseo Brazilian HiTropic of CBaBprraiacsozirnnil Tasman Kermadec Tre Southwest 836132256208648ff201ttfff//ttt///215025100000mm0000m0mm Juan FerInsalanCndedrerzso Aco(26n29crenc,h 5a89g3m1ufa)tAndes PamGran paPasraná Sea North 0 Island -820ft/-250m a South Pacific ni Argentine Island New -1640ft/-500m o Zealand -3281ft/-1000m ag Basin t Basin a Campbell P Plateau Mountain Falkland Islands South Georgia Permanent ice cap/ice shelf Tierra del Fuego Limit of winter pack ice Winter limit of pack ice CapeD Horranke Pas s a g e South SanIsdlwanicdhs Summer limit of pack ice Antarctic Peninsula (c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved. Antarctic Circle Severnaya Zemlya Franz Josef Land SVALBARD New Siberian Islands (to Norway) Novaya Zemlya JAN MAYEN (to Norway) N ICELAND E FAEROE ISLANDS D E (to Denmark) W FINLAND R U S S I A N F E D E R A T I O N NORWAY S ESTONIA ISLE O(tFo MU.AK.N) DENMARK RFUESDS.. LLAITTVHIUAANIA E uRruospsei aa n A s i a t i c R u s s i a UNITED Y IRELAND KINGDOM AN POLAND BELARUS NETH. M R SLOVAKIA BELG. E CHANNEL ISLANDS LUX. G LIECCHZ..REP. UKRAINE K A Z A K H S T A N (to U.K.) FRANCESWITZ.AUSTRIAHUNGARY MOLDOVA M O N G O L I A SLOVENIA ROMANIA MONACO CROATIA SERBIA Azores ASNDPOARIRNA VACTIITCYSA.MN. B.M&OHN.AT.LB. MBKUAOCLSOGEVDAOROINAIA AGREMOREGNIIAA AZERBAIJAN UZBEKISTANKYRGYZSTAN (to Portugal) PORTUGAL ITALY TURKEY TURKMENISTAN TAJIKISTAN NORTH KOREA GREECE AZERBAIJAN SOUTH JAPAN GIBRALTAR (to U.K.) SYRIA C H I N A KOREA TUNISIA (to PMoratduegiarla) R O C C O MALTA CYISPRRAUESL LEBIARNAOQN I R A N AFGHANISN TAN NEPAL BHUTAN O A Can(taor ySp Iasilna)nds M ALGERI A L I B Y A JORDAN KUWAIT P A KIST Ryukyu Islands WEST(dEiRspNu SteAdH)ARA NIA EGYPT BAHQRAATIANR U.A.E. BANGLADESH LAOS TAIWAN(to Japan) SVGICEEGAARRMUPBDREIIEBASNISS CE ALAE(ÔAIENULV-TOIEOEBNGR EDYEAMR ’GCLAIIVUOUAROAIITNSIATRE)EA BMU FRAAKSIOLN AI EQNB. GNEIUGNIINIEGNE RCAAE IMAERROO NCR OCAHEEFPANRUTIDCBRALAINSLCUEDRUIAGTDARNJENIABDEOATUHTIIOAP SYSIRAAOEAUMMABDLI EAIIAN S( tooOc YoMAteN rmaen) ML(aAtcoILsc DIlanadIdniVivdaEes)S I NSRI DLANIKAAA(nto(IdStsN oaIIIlnsaNim IlcdnnaGoaiddnabnAsi)dMaaPsr)(OYBARUNERTMMHAAA)RILMACNAAVIDEMLBT(NdRASIABM isUpslYOparNuanSDEttdleII(yIsddAAPI)isaslpraauPnctdeHesld)ILIPPINNEOMSIR(AGStPToL(RUAt HAUoIALA NE.UAMSRN.DU.)SNA.S) MICRONESIA GHANA G KENYA TOGO GABON N RWANDA CO DEMOCRATIC BURUNDI SAO TOME & PRINCIPE REPUBLIC I N D O N E S I A PAPUA Cabinda OF CONGO TA NEW ASCENSION ISLA(NtoD Angola) NZANIA SEYCHELLES OBCREIATN(ItS oTH EU IR.KNR.)DITIAONRY CHRISTM(AtoS AISuLstAraNliaD) EAST TIMOR GUINEA (to St. Helena) ANGOLA MALAWI COMOROS A(tog aMleaguar iItsiulasn)ds COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS ASHMORE & ST. HELENA ZAMBIA Q U E AR MAYOTTE (to France) (to Australia) CARTIE(Rto I ASLuAstrNaDliaS) (to U.K.) ZIMBABWEMBI ASC A T L A N T I C NAMIBIABOTSWANA OZA ADAG REUMNAIUORNIT (ItoU FSrance) M M O C E A N A U S T R A L I A SWAZILAND I N D I A N SOUTH LESOTHO AFRICA O C E A N Abbreviations key ALB. ALBANIA BELG. BELGIUM Tasmania B. & H. BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA FRENCH SOUTHERN CZ. REP. CZECH REPUBLIC Prince Edward Islands & ANTARCTIC TERRITORIES EQ. GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA (to South Africa) (to France) LIECH. LIECHTENSTEIN LUX. LUXEMBOURG NETH. NETHERLANDS HEARD & MCDONALD ISLANDS NETH. ANT. NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (to Australia) RUSS. FED. RUSSIAN FEDERATION S. M. SAN MARINO MONT. MONTENEGRO SWITZ. SWITZERLAND S O U T H E R N O C E A N U.A.E. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES A N T A R C T I C A (c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved. A R C T I C Queen Elizabeth Islands O C E A N GREENLAND (to Denmark) Baffin Island ALASKA (to U.S.) C A N A D A Aleutian Islands (to U.S.) Kurile Islands (to Russ. Fed.) ST. PIERRE & MIQUELON (to France) P A C I F I C U N I T E D S T A T E S A T L A N T I C O C E A N O F A M E R I C A O C E A N BERMUDA (to U.K.) PUERTO RICO (to U.S.) MIDWAY ISLANDS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (to U.K.) (to U.S.) G(tou aMdeexluicpoe) M TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS (to U.K.) VIRGIN ISLANDS (to U.S.) E CAYMAN ISLANDS ANGUILLA (to U.K.) (to U.K.) BAHAMAS ST. KITTS & NEVIS X I HONDURAS ANTIGUA & BARBUDA Hawaii Revillagigedo C BELIZE CUBA MONTSERRAT (to U.K.) WAK(tEo IUS.LS.A)ND (to U.S.) (toIs Mlaenxdicso) O JANMAVAAICSSAA I. HAITI GDUOAMDIENLIOCAUPE (to France) MARSHALL JOHNSTON ATOLL (to U.S.) GEULA TSAEMLVAALDAOR (toA UR.US.B)A C(tUoR NAeÇthA.)O SMT. A LRUTCIINAIQUE (to France) ISLANDS CLIPPERTON ISLAND NICARAGUA (to Neth.) BARBADOS WALLIS & FUTUNA ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES (to France) KINGMAN REEF (to U.S.) (to French Polynesia) COSTA RICA VENEZUELA GRENADA A BAKER & PALMYRA ATOLL (to U.S.) PANAMA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO HOWLAND FRENCH GUIANA COLOMBIA ISLANDS Galapagos Islands (to France) NAURU (to U.S.) JARVIS ISLAND (to Ecuador) (to U.S.) GUYANA ECUADOR SURINAME K I R I B A T I TUVALU SOLOMON TOKELAU P B R A Z I L ISLANDS (to N.Z.) P A C I F I C E SAMOA R COOK U ISLANDS O C E A N VANUATU (to N.Z.) BOLIVIA NEW FIJI TONGA FRENCH POLYNESIA CALEDONIA (to France) PARAGUAY (to France) CORAL SEA ISLANDS NIUE (to N.Z.) PITCAIRN San Felix Island AMERICAN ISLANDS (to Chile) (to Australia) N(toO ARuFsOtraLlKia )ISLAND S(tAo MU.OS.A) (to U.K.) East(etro I Cslhainled) S(taol aC hyi lGe)omez San(t IoAs lCmahnbidlreo)sia CHILE N A Lord Howe Island Kermadec Island (to Australia) (to N.Z.) I URUGUAY T Juan Fernandez Island (to Chile) N NEW E ZEALAND G Chatham Island Continental key R (to N.Z.) A Bounty Island NORTH AMERICA EUROPE Campbell Island (to N.Z.) pages 2-23 pages 46-73 FALKLAND ISLANDS (to N.Z.) (to U.K.) Macquarie Island (to Australia) SOUTH AMERICA ASIA CHILE pages 24-33 pages 74-99 SOUTH GEORGIA & AUSTRALASIA SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS AFRICA & OCEANIA (to U.K.) pages 34-45 pages 100-109 ANTARCTICA (c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved. CHILDREN’S WORLD ATLAS Consultant Dr. Kathleen Baker Senior Lecturer in Geography, King’s College London (retired) Senior Visiting Fellow, London South Bank University Written by Simon Adams • Mary Atkinson • Sarah Phillips • John Woodward A Dorling Kindersley Book (c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved. Contents LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, AND DELHI ACTIVE PLANET iv Project editors Lucy Hurst, Sadie Smith, PLANET PEOPLE vi Shaila Awan, Amber Tokeley MAPPING THE WORLD 1 Art editors Joe Conneally, Sheila Collins, Rebecca Johns, Simon Oon, Andrew Nash Senior editor Fran Jones Senior art editor Floyd Sayers Managing editor Andrew Macintyre Managing art editor Jane Thomas Picture research Carolyn Clerkin, Brenda Clynch DK Pictures Sarah Mills Production Jenny Jacoby DTP designer Siu Yin Ho Senior cartographic editor Simon Mumford Cartographer Ed Merritt Digital Cartography Encompass Graphics Limited Satellite images Rob Stokes 3D globes Planetary Visions Ltd., London THIS EDITION NORTH AMERICA Editor Jessamy Wood 2 Art editors Mark Lloyd, Katie Knutton Senior editor Rob Houston WESTERN CANADA AND ALASKA 4 Senior art editor Carol Davis EASTERN CANADA 6 Managing editor Linda Esposito USA: NORTHEAST 8 Managing art editor Jim Green Picture research Myriam Mégharbi USA: SOUTH 10 Production editor Marc Staples USA: MIDWEST 12 Print production Charlotte Oliver USA: WEST 14 Senior cartographic editor Simon Mumford Satellite images Ed Merritt USA: SOUTHWEST 16 3D Globes Planetary Visions Ltd., London MEXICO 18 US editor Stephanie Pliakas CENTRAL AMERICA 20 First published in the United States in 2003. THE CARIBBEAN 22 This revised edition published in the United States in 2011 by DK Publishing, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014. Copyright © 2003, 2008, 2011 Dorling Kindersley Limited 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 001 – 179338 – Jun/11 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photycopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978-0-7566-7584-4 SOUTH AMERICA 24 Colour reproduction by Colourscan, Singapore, and MDP, UK NORTHWEST SOUTH AMERICA 26 Printed and bound by Star Standard Industries Ltd, Singapore BRAZIL 28 Discover more at SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 30 www.dk.com ATLANTIC OCEAN 32 (c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved. ASIA 74 TURKEY AND THE CAUCASUS 76 RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN 78 THE NEAR EAST 80 THE MIDDLE EAST 82 CENTRAL ASIA 84 INDIAN SUBCONTINENT 86 WESTERN CHINA AND MONGOLIA 88 EASTERN CHINA AND KOREA 90 JAPAN 92 AFRICA 34 MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA 94 NORTHWEST AFRICA 36 MARITIME SOUTHEAST ASIA 96 NORTHEAST AFRICA 38 INDIAN OCEAN 98 WEST AFRICA 40 CENTRAL AFRICA 42 SOUTHERN AFRICA 44 AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA 100 SOUTHWEST PACIFIC 102 AUSTRALIA 104 EUROPE 46 NEW ZEALAND 106 SCANDINAVIA AND FINLAND 48 PACIFIC OCEAN 108 THE BRITISH ISLES 50 THE LOW COUNTRIES 52 ANTARCTICA 110 FRANCE 54 ARCTIC OCEAN 111 GERMANY AND THE ALPINE STATES 56 SPAIN AND PORTUGAL 58 GAZETTEER 112 ITALY 60 INDEX 134 CENTRAL EUROPE 62 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 136 SOUTHEAST EUROPE 64 BULGARIA AND GREECE 66 UKRAINE, MOLDOVA, AND ROMANIA 68 BALTIC STATES AND BELARUS 70 EUROPEAN RUSSIA 72 (c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved. ACTIVE PLANET Active Planet DOWN TO THE CORE Earth formed from iron-rich asteroids that smashed together to build the planet. Earth is a dynamic planet Early in its history it, melted, allowing that is always the heavy iron to sink and create a metallic core. The core is changing its form. Heat generated by nuclear surrounded by lighter rock, with reactions deep below the surface creates hugely the lightest forming Earth’s crust. Most of the water on the planet powerful currents that keep Earth’s rocks on lies in huge oceans, and above the move, triggering earthquakes and volcanic them is the layer of air that forms the atmosphere. eruptions. Meanwhile, solar energy striking the planet in different ways creates currents in the air, Lower atmosphere, driving the atmospheric turmoil of the weather. 10 miles (16 km) thick This changes with the seasons and from place to Crust, 5–45 miles place, creating an enormous range of climates and (8–70 km) thick Solid inner habitats for the most dynamic element of all—life. Mantle, 1,800 miles core, (2,900 km) thick Liquid outer 1,515 miles core, 1,400 miles (2,440 km) (2,250 km) thick across North American Plate North THE PLATES OF EARTH’S CRUST American Plate Heat generated deep within the planet creates currents in the mobile mantle rock beneath the crust. These Eurasian Plate currents drag some sections of the cool, brittle crust apart while pushing other parts together, fracturing the crust into separate plates. The biggest of these span oceans Caribbean and continents, but there are many smaller plates. At Plate their boundaries the plates may be diverging (pulling Pacific Cocos Plate Plate apart), converging (pushing together), or sliding past each other at transform faults. African Plate Pacific Plate South American Indo-Australian Key to map Plate Plate Transform Divergent Nazca fault boundary Plate Antarctic Plate Uncertain Convergent boundary boundary WHERE MOVING PLATES MEET 1 Continental crust, much 5 Oceanic crust formed from 9 Hot-spot volcano erupting The boundaries between the plates are thicker than oceanic crust heavy basalt rock over mantle plume volcanic earthquake zones. The plates move very slowly, pulling apart at divergent 2 Broad basin formed near 6 Upper mantle, mostly solid 10 Ocean trench marking boundaries. This allows hot rock below to uplifted area but very hot convergent plate boundary melt, erupt, and cool to form new crust – especially at the spreading rifts that form 3 Ancient converging 7 Mantle, solid but mobile 11 Volcano erupting over boundary, now inactive owing to heat currents convergent boundary mid-ocean ridges. Meanwhile, at convergent boundaries, one plate slides 4 Mountains created when 8 Spreading rift forming 12 Earthquake zone—one plate beneath another, pushing up mountain plate boundary was active a mid-ocean ridge grinding under another ranges and making volcanoes erupt. Other volcanoes erupt over hot spots in the 13 Plates pulling apart, creating mantle below the crust. a rift valley 10 9 11 2 8 4 5 13 6 iv 12 1 7 3 (c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.
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