Children’s Rights in International Politics: The Transformative Power of Discourse PDF
Preview Children’s Rights in International Politics: The Transformative Power of Discourse
Transformations of the State Series Editors: Achim Hurrelmann, Carleton University, Canada; Stephan Leibfried, University of Bremen, Germany; Kerstin Martens, University of Bremen, Germany; Peter Mayer, University of Bremen, Germany. Titles include: Joan DeBardeleben and Achim Hurrelmann (editors) DEMOCRATIC DILEMMAS OF MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE Legitimacy, Representation and Accountability in the European Union Klaus Dingwerth THE NEW TRANSNATIONALISM Transnational Governance and Democratic Legitimacy Anna Holzscheiter CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS The Transformative Power of Discourse Achim Hurrelmann, Steffen Schneider and Jens Steffek (editors) LEGITIMACY IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL POLITICS Achim Hurrelmann, Stephan Leibfried, Kerstin Martens and Peter Mayer (editors) TRANSFORMING THE GOLDEN-AGE NATION STATE Anja P. Jakobi INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND LIFELONG LEARNING From Global Agendas to Policy Diffusion Kerstin Martens, Alessandra Rusconi and Kathrin Leuze (editors) NEW ARENAS OF EDUCATION GOVERNANCE The Impact of International Organizations and Markets on Educational Policy Making Kerstin Martens, Alexander-Kenneth Nagel, Michael Windzio and Ansgar Weymann (editors) TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION POLICY Thomas Rixen THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL TAX GOVERNANCE Steffen Schneider, Achim Hurrelmann, Zuzana Krell-Laluhová, Frank Nullmeier and Achim Wiesner DEMOCRACY’S DEEP ROOTS Why the Nation State Remains Legitimate Peter Starke RADICAL WELFARE STATE RETRENCHMENT A Comparative Analysis Jens Steffek, Claudia Kissling, Patrizia Nanz (editors) CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION IN EUROPEAN AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE A Cure for the Democratic Deficit? Michael J. Warning TRANSNATIONAL PUBLIC GOVERNANCE Networks, Law and Legitimacy Hartmut Wessler, Bernhard Peters, Michael Brűggemann, Katharina Kleinen- von Kőnigslőw, Stefanie Sifft TRANSNATIONALIZATION OF PUBLIC SPHERES Hartmut Wessler (editor) PUBLIC DELIBERATION AND PUBLIC CULTURE The Writings of Bernhard Peters, 1993–2005 Jochen Zimmerman, Jörg R. Werner, Philipp B. Volmer GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN ACCOUNTING Public Power and Private Commitment Transformations of the State Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–8544–6 (hardback) 978–1–4039–8545–3 (paperback) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Children’s Rights in International Politics The Transformative Power of Discourse Anna Holzscheiter Lecturer, Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany © Anna Holzscheiter 2010 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-24180-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-31750-9 ISBN 978-0-230-28164-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230281646 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Contents List of Tables and Figures viii List of Acronyms ix Acknowledgements x Series Preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The advent of discourse in IR 6 1.2 En vogue and vague: Contemporary discourse on discourse in IR 7 1.3 Dialogue across disciplines: Critical discourse analysis as a multidisciplinary research framework 11 1.4 Institutions as arenas and resources for discourse 13 1.5 Global childhood revisited 15 Part I Discursive Practices, Power and Institutions 2 Power and Exclusion in Discourse Approaches to International Relations 27 2.1 Discourse and social reality: A working definition 28 2.2 Why study discourse in international politics? 31 3 Discursive Transformation and the Role of Institutions 46 3.1 Discourse and transformation 47 3.2 Linking power of discourse and power in discourse 52 3.3 Institutions and their value for combining power of discourse and power in discourse 56 3.4 International negotiations as sites for discursive contestation 62 3.5 A n analytical framework to study the interplay between discourse, power and institutions 66 Part II Global Childhood Revisited 4 Global Childhood – an Essentially Uncontested Concept? 83 4.1 Childhood in international political practice and research 84 4.2 T he UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as an internationally dominant text 86 v vi Contents 4.3 The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as a contested text 88 4.4 Why choose the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child? 91 5 Discourses of Childhood – the ‘Communicative Ecology’ of the Child 99 5.1 The three historical images of childhood 100 5.2 The ideal of the protected sphere of happiness 103 5.3 The twentieth century: Internationalization and institutionalization 104 5.4 The social construction of childhood 112 5.5 The institutionalization of childhood in international politics and law 114 5.6 Child images and international norms of child protection in the twentieth century 115 Part III Drafting the UN Convention – towards a New Image of Childhood 6 Origins of the Drafting of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 141 6.1 Investigating the discursive practices creating the CRC 142 6.2 First traces of a new global childhood discourse during and after the 1979 UN Year of the Child 144 6.3 Initiating the drafting of a new Convention on the Rights of the Child 153 7 Discursive Practices within the UN and the Transformation of a Global Childhood Paradigm 159 7.1 Interdiscursivity – international politics, childhood and the family 160 7.2 Intertextuality – existing legal standards as discursive resources in the drafting 182 7.3 Fact construction – beyond controversy 189 8 The Exclusionary Facets of the Social Environment and Their Effects on the New Image of Childhood 196 8.1 Non-participants – the silencing of voices 197 8.2 Asymmetry in knowledge and conversational rights 212 8.3 Excluded modes of speaking – re-contextualization 215 8.4 The taboo of the subject – the exclusion of semantic participants 219 Contents vii 9 The Convention and Beyond – Future Prospects for an Analysis of Norm Change through Discourse 235 9.1 The value of a discursive practices approach 235 9.2 The messy dynamics of treaty drafting and their impact on international norm-transformation 238 9.3 Understanding the transformation of a global childhood discourse 242 9.4 Contesting the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 244 9.5 Alternative readings of the CRC drafting 247 9.6 Thinking ahead ... 250 Notes 253 Bibliography 266 Index 297 Tables and Figures Tables 2.1 Typology of IR discourse approaches 45 5.1 Child images and international politics in the twentieth century 137 Figures 3.1 Funnelling model 67 3.2 Funnelling model with CDA analytical categories 80 4.1 Proceedings of analysis 97 viii Acronyms AI Amnesty International CDA Critical Discourse Analysis CEDAW C onvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CHR Commission on Human Rights CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CRIN Child’s Rights Information Network DCI Defence for Children International DRC Declaration on the Rights of the Child ECOSOC Economic and Social Council FAO United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization GA General Assembly ICCB International Catholic Child Bureau ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR I nternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICJ International Commission of Jurists IGO Intergovernmental Organization ILO International Labour Organization ISPCAN International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect IUCW International Union of Child Welfare IYC International Year of the Child NGO Non-governmental organization OIC Organization of Islamic Countries RB Raedda Barnen Sweden RBA Rights-Based Approach SCIU Save the Children International Union UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund WHO World Health Organization ix
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