Children's Illustrated Encyclopedia

602 Pages·2016·236.453 MB·English

Children’s
Illustrated
Encyclopedia
25 year anniversary edition
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Children’s
Illustrated
Encyclopedia
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First edition 1991
Senior Editor Ann Kramer
Senior Art Editor Miranda Kennedy
Editors Christiane Gunzi, Susan McKeever, Richard Platt, Clifford Rosney
Art Editors Muffy Dodson, Debra Lee, Christian Sévigny, Val Wright
Picture Research Anne Lyons
Additional Research Anna Kunst, Deborah Murrell
Picture Manager Kate Fox
Production Manager Teresa Solomon
Editorial Director Sue Unstead
Eighth edition 2016
DK Delhi DK London
Senior Editor Sreshtha Bhattacharya Project Editor Sarah MacLeod
Project Editor Virien Chopra Project Art Editor Mary Sandberg
Assistant Art Editor Nidhi Rastogi US Editor Christine Heilman
Picture Researcher Sumedha Chopra Jacket Editor Claire Gell
Senior DTP Designer Harish Aggarwal Jacket Designer Natalie Godwin
DTP Designer Bimlesh Tiwary Jacket Design Development Manager Sophia MTT
Jacket Designer Surabhi Wadhwa Producer, Pre-production Nikoleta Parasaki
Managing Jackets Editor Saloni Singh Producer Mary Slater
Pre-production Manager Balwant Singh Managing Editor Paula Regan
Production Manager Pankaj Sharma Managing Art Editor Owen Peyton Jones
Managing Editor Kingshuk Ghoshal Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Managing Art Editor Govind Mittal Associate Publishing Director Liz Wheeler
Art Director Karen Self
Design Director Stuart Jackman
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
First American Edition, 1991
This edition published in the United States in 2016
by DK Publishing, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
Copyright © 1991, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2006, 2010, 2016 Dorling Kindersley
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC
16 17 18 19 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001—288632—July/16
All rights reserved.
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no
part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without
the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
First published in the United States under the title
The Random House Children’s Encyclopedia by Random House in 1991.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN: 978-1-4654-5169-9
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales
promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact:
DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
[email protected]
Printed and bound in Hong Kong
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
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C
ontEnts
A D
Brain and nerves 78
Brazil 79-81
Abolitionist movement 8 Dams 151
Bridges 82
Aboriginal Australians 9 Dance 152
Bronze Age 83
Africa 10-13 Darwin, Charles 153
Buddhism 84
Africa, history of 14-15 Declaration of
Butterflies and moths
African Americans 16 Independence 154
85-86
Aircraft 17-18 Deep-sea wildlife 155-156
Byzantine Empire 87
Alexander the Great 19 Democracy 157
Alphabets 20 Depression of
American Revolution 21-22 C the 1930s 158
Animals 23-24 Desert wildlife 159-160
Animal senses 25-26 Caesar, Julius 88 Digestion 161
Antarctica 27-28 Cameras 89 Dinosaurs 162-163
Ants and termites 29 Camouflage, animal 90 Disease 164
Archaeology 30-31 Canada 91-93 Dogs, wolves, and foxes
Architecture 32-33 Canada, history of 94 165-166
Arctic 34-35 Caribbean 95-96 Drugs 167
Argentina 36-37 Cars 97-98
Armor 38 Castles 99-100 E Gas 228
Asia 39-42 Cats 101-102
Genetics 229-230
Asia, history of 43-44 Caucasus Republics 103
Ears 168 Geology 231
Assyrians 45 Caves 104
Earth 169-170 Germany 232-235
Astronauts and Celts 105
Earthquakes 171 Glaciers and ice caps 236
space travel 46 Central Africa
East Africa 172-174 Glass and ceramics 237
Astronomy 47-48 106-107
Ecology and food webs Government and politics
Atlantic Ocean 49-50 Central America 108-109
175-176 238-240
Atmosphere 51 Central Asia 110-111
Edison, Thomas 177 Grassland wildlife 241-242
Atoms and molecules 52 Charlemagne 112
Egypt, Ancient 178-179 Gravity 243
Australia 53-56 Chemistry 113
Einstein, Albert 180 Greece 244
Australia, history of 57-58 China 114-117
Electricity 181-182 Greece, Ancient 245-246
Austria 59 Christianity 118-119
Electronics 183
Aztecs 60 Churchill, Sir Winston
Elephants 184
120 H I
Elizabeth I 185 •
Cities 121
B Energy 186
Civil rights 122 Habsburgs 247
Engines 187-188
Civil War 123-124 Health and fitness 248-249
Babylonians 61 English Civil War 189
Climates 125 Heart and blood 250
Baltic States and Belarus 62 Europe 190-193
Clocks and watches 126 Heat 251-252
Barbarians 63 European Union 194
Coal 127 Helicopters 253
Barton, Clara 64 Europe, history of 195-196
Cold War 128-129 Hibernation 254
Baseball 65 Evolution 197-198
Colombia 130 Hinduism 255
Basketball 66 Explorers 199-200
Colonial America 131 Hispanic Americans 256
Bats 67 Eyes 201
Color 132 Hockey 257
Bears and pandas 68
Columbus, Christopher Holidays 258
BeesB aenedtl ewsa s7p0s 69 133 F • G Holocaust 259
Comets and meteors 134 Horses, zebras, and asses
Benin Kingdom 71
Communism 135 Farm animals 202-203 260-261
Big Bang 72
Composers 136-137 Farming 204 Human body 262-263
Biology 73
Computers 138-139 Farming, history of 205 Human rights 264
Birds 74-75
Congress 140 Fish 206-207
Black Death 76
Conquistadors 141 Fishing industry 208 Immigration 265-266
Black holes 77
Conservation and Flies and mosquitoes 209 Incas 267
endangered species Flight, animal 210-211 India and subcontinent
142-143 Flowers and herbs 212-213 268-271
Constitution 144 Football 214 Indian Ocean 272-273
Continents 145 Force and motion 215 Industrial Revolution
Cook, James 146 Forest wildlife 216-217 274-275
Corals, anemones, and Fossils 218 Indus Valley civilization 276
jellyfish 147 France 219-222 Information technology
Crabs and other Franklin, Benjamin 223 277-278
crustaceans 148 French Revolution 224 Insects 279-280
Crocodiles and Frogs and other Internet 281
alligators 149 amphibians 225 Inuits 282
Crusades 150 Fruits and seeds 226-227 Iran 283
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Ireland 284-285 Prehistoric life 422-423 T
Iron Age 286 Prehistoric peoples 424
Iron and steel 287 Presidency 425 Technology 513-514
Islam 288
Teeth 515
Israel 289
R Telephones 516
Italy 290-292
Telescopes 517
Radio 426 Television 518-519
J • K • L Radioactivity 427 Theater 520-521
Rain and snow 428 Time 522
Japan 293-295 Reformation 429 Tornadoes and hurricanes
Jefferson, Thomas 296 Religions 430-431 523
Jesus Christ 297 Renaissance 432-433 Trade and industry
Joan of Arc 298 Reproduction 434-435 524-525
Judaism 299 Reptiles 436-437 Trains 526-527
Rivers 438 Transportation, history of
Kennedy, John F. 300 Robots 439 528-529
King, Jr., Martin Luther 301 Muhammad 361 Rockets and missiles 440 Trees 530-531
Knights and heraldry Muscles and movement 362 Rocks and minerals 441-442 Tubman, Harriet 532
302-303 Mushrooms, toadstools, Roman Empire 443-444 Turkey 533-534
Korea 304 and other fungi 363 Roosevelt, Franklin
Korean War 305 Music 364-365 Delano 445 U V W
Musical instruments Russian Federation 446-449 • •
Labor movement 306 366-367 Russian Revolution 450 Ukraine 535
Lake and river wildlife Myths and legends 368
United Kingdom 536-539
307-308
S United Kingdom, history of
Lakes 309 N • O 540-541
Languages 310
Satellites 451 United Nations 542
Law 311-312 Napoleon Bonaparte 369 Scandinavia 452-454 United States of America
Leonardo da Vinci 313 National parks 370 Science 455 543-546
Lewis and Clark 314 Native Americans Science, history of 456-457 United States, history of
Light 315-316 371-372 Seashore wildlife 458-459 547-548
Lincoln, Abraham 317 Navigation 373 Shakespeare, William 460 Universe 549
Lions, tigers, and other Nests and burrows 374 Sharks and rays 461
big cats 318-319 New Zealand 375-376 Shells and shellfish 462 Victorians 550-551
Literature 320-321 New Zealand, history of 377 Ships and boats 463-464 Vietnam War 552
Lizards 322-323 Normans 378 Skeletons 465-466 Vikings 553
Low Countries 324-325 North Africa 379-380 Slavery 467-468 Volcanoes 554
Lungs and breathing 326 North America 381-384 Snails and slugs 469
Nuclear energy 385 Snakes 470 Washington, George
M Numbers 386 Soccer 471 555
Soil 472 Water 556-557
Machines 327-328 Oceans and seas Sound 473 Weather 558-559
Magnetism 329 387-388 South Africa 474-475 Weights and measures
Mammals 330-331 Ocean wildlife 389-390 South America 476-479 560
Mandela, Nelson 332 Octopuses and squid 391 South America, history of West Africa 561-564
Mao Zedong 333 Oil 392 480-481 Western expansion 565
Marsh and Olympic Games 393 Southeast Asia 482-485 Whales and dolphins 566-567
swamp wildlife 334 Ottoman Empire 394 Southeast Europe, Central Wheels 568
Mathematics 335 Oxygen 395 486-487 Wind 569
Maya 336 Southeast Europe, Women’s rights 570-571
Medicine 337 P Mediterranean 488-489 Wonders of the ancient
Medicine, history of 338-339 Southern Africa 490-491 world 572
Medieval Europe 340-341 Pacific Ocean 396-397 Soviet Union, history of World War I 573-574
Metals 342 Painters 398-399 492-493 World War II 575-576
Mexico 343-344 Painting 400-401 Space flight 494-495 Worms 577
Microscopes 345 Persians, Ancient 402 Spain 496-499 Writers and poets
Microscopic life 346 Phoenicians 403 Spiders and scorpions 578-579
Middle East 347-349 Photography 404-405 500
Migration, animal 350 Physics 406 Sports 501-502 X Z
•
Money 351 Pilgrims 407 Stars 503-504
Mongol Empire 352 Pirates 408 Statue of Liberty X-rays 580
Monkeys and Planets 409-410 505 Zoos 581
apes 353-354 Plants 411-412 Stone Age 506
Moon 355 Plastics 413 Storms 507
INDEX 582–593
Mosses, liverworts, Polar wildlife 414-415 Submarines 508
Gazetteer 594-596
and ferns 356 Political parties 416 Sumerians 509
Mountains 357 Pollution 417-418 Sun 510
Mountain wildlife 358 Ports and waterways 419 Supreme Court 511 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Movies 359-360 Portugal 420-421 Switzerland 512 597–600
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a
bolitionist
movement
to zoos
7
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A
BOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
T
he DeClaraTion of inDepenDenCe promised equality for all,
leading many americans to question the inequalities of slavery. a movement
to abolish slavery and the slave trade took root throughout the northern
states in the late 1780s. its supporters were known as abolitionists. although
there had been protests against slavery since colonial times,
mostly by religious groups, the slave population continued
to grow, and tensions between the free states of the
Women join The fighT north and the slave states of the South escalated.
among several important female
Through newspapers, speeches, and public meetings,
campaigners, Sojourner Truth
(above) played an active role in abolitionists spread the word about the horrors of
the abolitionist movement. Born
slavery, despite strong opposition by Southern
into slavery in 1797, she was freed
in 1827. She traveled the nation slaveholders and their supporters. others helped
with her moving message about support the Underground railroad, a network of
the rights of slaves and women.
houses and people who illegally helped escaping
slaves reach safety in the nonslave states. Their
crusade spread to england, where abolitionists
worked to end the international slave trade.
UncLe Tom’s cabin
no other abolitionist writing had the political impact of
Uncle Tom’s cabin, a novel by harriet Beecher Stowe.
after a trip to a Kentucky plantation, a horrified Stowe freDeriCK DoUglaSS
decided to write about the evils of slavery. her novel was Born a slave in maryland, frederick
simple and melodramatic, but its vivid descriptions of Douglass escaped to new York when
he was 21 years old. he became one
suffering and cruelty turned many people against slavery.
of the greatest antislavery speakers of
Sales were astonishing—300,000 copies were sold within
his time, highlighting the terrible
a year. in the South, Stowe was brutally criticized, but her treatment of slaves. his newspaper,
book proved an effective attack on slavery. north star, advocated equality not
only for slaves but also for women.
fighTing for freeDom
Those who opposed slavery joined together to fight for john BroWn
its abolition. abolitionists traveled throughout the north, Some abolitionists felt slavery could only be
spreading their message through rallies, debates, and ended by force. in october 1859, abolitionist
speeches. one of the most powerful groups was the john Brown and a small band of followers
mounted an unsuccessful raid on a government
american antislavery Society, founded in 1833. its
weapons store at harpers ferry, Virginia. The
founder, William lloyd garrison, published a newspaper
local militia killed most of his men, and Brown
called The Liberator to campaign for an end to slavery. was captured, tried for treason, and hanged.
An abolitionist rally
Find out more
Civil rights
Civil war
Declaration of independence
Tubman, harriet
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