CHILDREN, PARENTS, SCHOOL: учебно-методическое пособие

118 Pages·1.781 MB·Russian

by  Дергаева Светлана Сергеевна

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования «Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет
имени М.В. Ломоносова»

S.S. Dergaeva

CHILDREN, PARENTS, SCHOOL

Учебно-методическое пособие

Архангельск
САФУ
2019
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
УДК [811.111:373.5](075)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
Д36

Рекомендовано к изданию учебно-методической комиссией высшей школы
социально-гуманитарных наук и межкультурной коммуникации
Северного (Арктического) федерального университета
имени М.В. Ломоносова

Рецензенты: О.Н. Худякова, кандидат филологических наук, доцент
кафедры иностранных языков русского языка как иностранного
ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский
университет»;
С.А. Жемчугова, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент
кафедры английского языка ФГАОУ ВО «Северный
(Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В.
Ломоносова»

Дергаева, С.С.
CHILDREN, PARENTS, SCHOOL [Электронный ресурс] : учебно-методичес-
кое пособие / С.С. Дергаева; Сев. (Арктич.) федер. ун-т им. М.В. Ломоносова». –
Электронные текстовые данные. – Архангельск, 2019. – 118 с.
ISBN 978-5-261-01366-2

Учебное пособие адресовано студентам вузов, обучающимся по
педагогическим профилям, но может использоваться для любых направлений
подготовки, поскольку включает тексты и упражнения о семье, воспитании,
образовании, взаимоотношениях между родителями и детьми, учителями и
учениками. Пособие позволяет овладеть навыками англоязычного общенаучного и
профессионального общения и может использоваться как для аудиторных, так и
самостоятельных занятий.

УДК [811.111:373.5](075)
ББК 81.2Англ-923

Издательский дом им. В.Н. Булатова
163060, г. Архангельск, ул. Урицкого, д. 56

ISBN 978-5-261-01366-2
© Дергаева С.С., 2019
© Северный (Арктический) федеральный
университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, 2019
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
СONTENT

Children, Parents, School 6
UNIT 1. Family Life 8
The Royal Family 8
Family Life in Britain 9
Generation Gap 10
UNIT 2. Family Relationship 11
Household Chores. Division of Labour 13
Making It Work. Household Chores 15
Types of Families 20
Teenage Problems in a Family 21
Why Happy Families Are Different 22
Childhood Is Certainly not The Happiest Time in Your Life 27
Why So Many One-Child Families? 29
Children Cost 50 Dollars a Day 30
UNIT 3. Parenting the Most Important Job on the Planet 35
Permissive Parents 39
We´ll be Parents Too 41
Unconditional Love, Motherly Love 43
Causes of Conflict between Adolescents and Their Partner 44
Sibling Conflict 45
Seven In 10 Older People Care for Parent or Partner 46
UNIT 4. Schooling 47
My School 47
Schooling 49
Should You Homeschool Your Child 51
Should School Uniform Be Compulsory? 56
Friendship. Quotes about Friendship 57
UNIT 5. Children and Discipline 58
School Discipline 60
What These Kids Need Is Discipline 62
How to Discipline Children´s Behaviour? 65
UNIT 6. Childrens´ Upbringing 66
Bringing up Children 66
Feares of Children 67
Upbringing Children 67
Primary Education 70
Secondary Education 70

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UNIT 7. Hobby and Free Time 73
Why are After-School-Activities So Important for Children? 74
After School Club 75
History of theTerm «Hobby» 75
Hobbies and Pastimes 76
Holiday Hobbies 77
Club Culture in Britain 78
UNIT 8. Child´s Health 79
Care of Children´s Teeth 79
Six Rules for Coping with Exam Srtess 81
A Positive School Climate Can Mean 82
UNIT 9. Failure or Success 84
A Personally Oriented Approach to EFL Teaching 84
Some Traits of Character Which a Perfect Teacher Must Obtain 86
How to Deal with Problems Effectively. Advices to Young
Teachers 88
UNIT 10. TV Effect on Children 90
Television and Children 91
Children and Cartoons 92
Influences of Cartoons on Children 92
The Importance of Colour and Cartoons for Your Child´s
Development 94
Cartoons in Children´s Life. History 95
The Comparisson of Home and Foreign Cartoons 99
UNIT 11. The Internet. The Effect of the Internet on Children 100
The Internet. What Is the Internet? 100
11 Negative Effects of the Internet on Students and Teenagers 103
Mobile Phones 107
UNIT 12. Sports and Leisure 110
Sport 110
Sport Is Great! 111
Sports and Leisure 112
Extreme Sports 114
UNIT 13. Pocket Money 115
Pocket Money 115
How Much Pocket Money Should You Pay? 117

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Предисловие

Данное учебно-методическое пособие ориентировано на формирование
коммуникативной компетенции у студентов педагогических специальностей
вузов в области чтения, говорения и письма. Основной задачей данного курса
является комплексное развитие навыков, необходимых для профессионального
общения. Использование аутентичных материалов – текстов педагогической
направленности – позволяет пополнить словарный запас за счёт наиболее
частотных единиц характерных для языка специальности.
Пособие построено таким образом, что часть заданий предусмотрены для
выполнения под руководством преподавателя, а другие задания – для
самостоятельной работы, повторения и самоконтроля. Лексические упражнения
направлены на закрепление и пополнение словарного запаса.
Каждый раздел курса включает профессионально направленные
аутентичные и адаптированные учебные тексты (для изучающего,
ознакомительного, просмотрового и поискового чтения), лексико-
грамматические комментарии и упражнения. Овладение всеми видами чтения
литературы по специальности на английском языке с целью получения
профессионально значимой информации представляется необходимым для
будущих педагогов, т. к. чтение как вид речевой деятельности широко
востребовано при решении ряда профессиональных задач. Работу с текстами
можно варьировать в зависимости от целевой аудитории и количества учебного
времени, предусмотренного для изучения языка.
Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие содержит текстовый
материал, словарный запас по темам учебно-образовательного и
социокультурного общения, серию упражнений, направленных на развитие
навыков говорения. Грамматические упражнения помогают студентам
работать самостоятельно и совершенствовать грамматические знания.
Данное учебно-методическое пособие призвано:
 обеспечить закрепление и активизацию грамматического
материала по темам, представленным в соответствующих разделах;
 расширить активный и пассивный словарный запас студентов по
изучаемым темам;
 развить умения и навыки ознакомительного, просмотрового,
поискового чтения;
 совершенствовать умения и навыки разных видов говорения, в
том числе ведения беседы и выступления с сообщением.
Значительное внимание в учебном пособии уделяется задачам
самообразования и самообучения. Они решаются путём выполнения
упражнений, творческих заданий, самостоятельной работы над аутентичными
текстами, имеющими общеобразовательное содержание и разнообразные
жанры (статьи, диалоги, интервью, художественные тексты).

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CHILDREN, PARENTS, SCHOOL

I. Study the text and retell it:
American families and their children are in trouble, trouble so deep and
pervasive as to threaten the future of their nation. The source of the trouble is nothing
less than a national neglect of children and those primarily engaged in their care-
America's parents.
In today world parents find themselves at the mercy of a society which imposes
pressures and priorities that allow neither time nor place for meaningful activities and
relations between children and adults, which downgrade the role of parents and the
function of parenthood, and which prevent the parent from doing things he wants to
do as a guide, friend, and companion to his children.
The frustrations are great for the family of poverty where the capacity for
human response is crippled by hunger, cold, filth, sickness, and despair. No parent
who spends his days in search of menial work, and his nights in keeping the rats away
from the crib can be expected to find the time-let alone the heart-to engage in
constructive activities with his children or serve as a stable source of love and
discipline.
For families who can get along, the rats are gone, but the rat race remains. The
demands of a job, or often of two jobs, that claim mealtimes, evenings and weekends
as well as days, the trips and moves necessary to get ahead or simply hold one's own;
the ever increasing time spent in commuting, evening out, social and community
obligation-all the things one has to do to meet so-called primary responsibilities-
produce a situation in which a child often spends more time with a passive baby-sitter
than a participating parent.
And even when the parent is at home, a compelling force cuts off
communication and response among the family members. Although television could,
if used creatively, enrich the activities of children and families, it now only
undermines them. Like the sorcerer of old, the television set casts its magic spell,
freezing speech and action and turning the living into silent statues so long as the
enchantment lasts. The primary danger of the television screen lies not so much in the
behavior it produces as the behavior it prevents-the talks, the games, the family
festivities and arguments through which much of child's learning takes place and his
character is formed. Turning on the television set can turn off the process that
transforms children into people.
Yes, this is what is happening in America today. We are experiencing a
breakdown in the process of making human beings human. By isolating our children
from the rest of society, we abandon them to the world devoid of adults and ruled by
the destructive impulses and compelling pressures both of the age-segregated peer
group and the aggressive and exploitive television screen.
(From the book «Two Worlds of Childhood.
US and USSR» by Urie Bronfenbrenner)
Source: http://www.lib.uniyar.ac.ru/edocs/iuni/19992105.pdf

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II. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
пренебрежение; оказывать давление и налагать обязанности; снижать роль;
деятельность, имеющая смысл; руководитель; обездоленная семья; способность
к душевному отклику; творческая деятельность; погоня за общественным
успехом; совершать регулярные поездки; родитель, участвующий в
деятельности ребенка; нарушать общение; процесс превращения детей в людей;
сегрегированная по возрасту группа сверстников
III. Ask questions to the above text using the words from Ex. II.
IV. Retell the text using the words from Ex. II.
V. Render the text into English:
Основное различие между американскими и русскими школами состоит,
на наш взгляд, в том, что в последних огромное значение придается не только
обучению предметам, но и воспитанию.
Деятельность каждого ученика постоянно обсуждается его товарищами и
оценивается по шкале, разработанной программами и методическими
пособиями. Поскольку успехи каждого ребенка отражают успехи всего
коллектива, членом которого он является, то все, естественно, стараются
помочь друг другу и добиться того, чтобы никто не отставал ни в учебе, ни в
поведении. Так, детский коллектив становится выразителем требований
государства и общества. Подобно всякому советскому коллективу, он и
поощряет; и порицает. Порицания обычно принимают форму групповых
санкций, выраженных в публичной критике вплоть до угрозы исключить
провинившегося, из своих рядов.
Наиболее яркая черта воспитания в коллективе – поощрение бескорыстия
и благородства. Детей приучают не только помoгать друг другу; при
существующей системе так называемorо шефства весь класс принимает на себя
заботу об одном из младших классов. Старшие ученики провожают младших в
школу, играют с ними на переменах, разучивают вместе с «подшефными»
новые песни, читают им вслух, помoгают выполнять домашние задания –
проще говоря, относятся к ним, как старшие братья и сестры. Более того,
исполнение этих гражданских обязанностей учитывается и соответственно
оценивается как учителем, так и общешкольным коллективом.
Система шефства охватывает и коллективы взрослых: школа может быть
подопечной фабрики, завода, учреждения. Рабочие и служащие уделяют немало
времени «своему классу». Подобная традиция позволяет взрослым участвовать
в делах и помыслах детей куда как более активно, чем в нашей стране.
Теперь мы видим, что на всех уровнях, от классной парты до фабрики,
коллектив – основа процесса воспитания.
VI. Answer the following questions
1. What accounts for the growing alienation of youth in the USA! 2. What is done in
this country to make the child a responsible person? 3. What are the basic patterns of
Soviet upbringing, both within the family and in collective settings? 4. What roles do
parents, school and age-segregated groups play in upbringing of children in the USSR
and USA? 5. What is the role of mother and father in a modern family? 6. Is the
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young Soviet mother more eager than her parents to enroll her child in nursery? And
why? 7. How does the regular school using the well-proven techniques of collective
upbringing care for individual needs of a child?

UNIT 1. FAMILY LIFE

THE ROYAL FAMILY
I. Read the text, make its plan and make 8 questions to it
For more than a thousand years Britain has always had kings or queens except
for the ten years between 1649 and 1659. In the past, kings had great power and they
really helped to make history. They started wars, made laws, and did things in their
own way. But gradually more and more power went to Parliament. What does the
Queen do now? Why does Britain need monarchy? And does it?
Elizabeth II calls the Windsor family a „Firm‟. She thinks of it as a business
rather than a family. And the main business of the royal family is … well, probably
being royal. And they are paid for it. The Queen is one of the richest women in the
world and yet she gets about 8 million pounds a year to be Queen. But many people
agree that she does her job well and she deserves her salary.
Being Queen is a really busy job. Elizabeth II gets up early and begins the day
by looking through the newspapers. Then she reads letters from the public (she gets
more than 1000 each week), and tells her staff how she would like them to be
answered. The Queen has daily meetings with her Private Secretary who helps her to
go through her paperwork, and lots of meetings with ambassadors, new judges, and
bishops.
In the afternoon Elizabeth II often goes out on public engagements – she gets
thousands of invitations each year. She opens new hospitals, bridges and factories. Once
a week, the Queen has a meeting with the Prime Minister and they discuss government
business and important things that are happening in the country. In the evening the
Queen reads the report of the day from Parliament. She isn’t a politician, and in modern
Britain the power belongs to the government, but she must agree to every new law. It’s
formal agreement: no king or queen has refused a new law since 1701!
Being a Queen is not a 9 to 5 job, and Elizabeth II has to work from early in the
morning until late at night. And people watch her all the time. Of course, she has
some free time, and some private life, but less than most people. In her spare time
Elizabeth II enjoys horse racing, fishing, and walking in the countryside. She also
enjoys photography and likes taking photos on her travels. Many people think that the
Royals are useless and monarchy is outdated. But… the British people seem to like
them that way. They like to read about the royal family, royal scandals and shocking
secrets. They like to watch royal ceremonies, they are proud of the tradition of
monarchy. Britain has had kings and queens for a thousand years – probably they’ll
have them for another thousand.
Source: https://teachershelp.ru/the-royal-family

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FAMILY LIFE IN BRITAIN
I. Read the text
In the last fifteen or twenty years there have been great changes in family life
of Britain. For example, more couples now live together and have children without
getting married. Among married couples there has been an increase in divorce and
separation with the result that there are more one-parent families.
But despite these changes most people in Britain decide to get married and start
a family. The institution of marriage and family continues to be important. A legal
marriage can be performed in a church of the Church of England; in a chapel of
church of another religion, if the building has been licensed for marriages; in a
registry office. Though some couples choose the less formal registry office, many
still enjoy the ceremony of a church wedding.
The registry office wedding is a civil marriage rather than a religious
ceremony. A divorced person who wants to get married normally has to have a
registry office wedding if his or her religion forbids remarriage.
Since the Reform Act of 1969 it has been easier to get a divorce in Britain and
the divorce rate has increased. There is now one divorce for every three marriages.
The result of a divorce or separation, if there are children in the family is a «broken
home». Children usually live with their children. Their father has the legal right to
visit the children and have them to stay with him for part of the school holidays.
About 14 per cent of all families with dependent children have only one parent. A
one-parent-family may be headed by a divorced father or mother, by a widow or a
widower, by a married woman separated from her husband. It also can be headed by
an unmarried mother.
These days, an unmarried mother may choose to have a baby without marrying
the father. She wants to keep the baby rather than have it adopted. The National
Council for One-parent Families can help her. It helps all families where there is only
one parent – mother, father, unmarried, divorced or widowed.
An unmarried mother may decide that her child will have a better chance in life
if it is adopted by a family. The child then belongs legally to the new parents. Many
married couples who have no children of their own want to adopt babies.
Source: http://window.edu.ru/catalog
II. Translate the following expressions
Without getting married, one-parent families, despite these changes, civil marriage, a
divorced person, the divorce rate, dependent children, to keep the baby, to have a
better chance in life, married couples.
III. Find in the text the English equivalents:
Большие перемены, увеличение числа разводов, законный брак, венчание в
церкви, религиозный обряд, повторный брак, получить развод, иметь законное
право, юридически принадлежать. Не иметь собственных детей.
IV. Answer the Questions to the text:
What changes have taken place in the family life lately in Britain? 2. What do most
people prefer to start a family or to remain single? 3. Where can a legal marriage be
performed? 4. What do most couples choose – a civil marriage or a religious
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ceremony? 5. What cam you say about the divorce rate in Britain today? 6. Who
keeps children after divorce? 7. What is a one-parent family? 8. What can you say
about adoption of a child in Britain?

GENERATION GAP
I. Red the text
Do you know what a generation gap is? Even if you don't know the particular
definition, you are aware of this problem, basing on your own experience. Generation
gap is a popular term used to describe serious differences between people of two
generations.
To realize how to deal with it, you should keep in mind that generation gap
includes several aspects: children must know as much as possible about their parents
and parents – about the world outlook of their children, about relations between
brothers and sisters, and also about the attitude to them of close relatives on both
sides – father's and mother's.
Children demand a great deal of attention, time and patience, so, if you are not
ready to devote all that to your baby, it is better not to hurry There are many families
where both parents keep working after giving birth to their baby It is similar to the
situation with a single-parent family, when a father or a mother hardly have enough
time and neglect their children's upbringing. In such cases most of the time the child
has to spend on his own or with his friends. Due to the fact that he has not got any
guidance from his parents he may be involved in some bad companies which commit
violence or even crime and become alcohol or drug addicted. When the parents
discover that, it's usually too late to change anything.
On the other hand, there is a different situation when the parents treat their
children too strict and don't give them any freedom at all. In this case the children
may become pariahs among their peers. Constant bans may increase the risk that the
child will grow up insolent and defiant. This causes another big problem — lying.
The child is forced to lie to the parents because of the fear to be punished. It can be
anything from putting on make-up in the girls' room at school to stealing.
Some children rebel against discipline and family values. They listen to a loud
music, wear inappropriate, to their parents' mind, clothes, dye their hair in
inconceivable colours, have all their bodies pierced and tattooed trying to show their
independence and establish their identity. They want to be treated as adults, but they
are not ready to take all the necessary responsibilities. It doesn't mean that your child
is bad and he will become a criminal. Of course, not! It only means that your child is
in his transitional age and he is in need of your understanding and support.
But how to handle such behaviour? Parents should become his close friends.
First of all they should learn to respect his interests. Try to speak with him as often as
possible, offer some parent-child activities like shopping or going in for sports. It is
worth involving the child in discussing some family questions, just to show that he is
a full member of the family. Moreover, children in their teens are very vulnerable
when they are criticized in public, so try to avoid it. Parents should always be honest
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