Children and Television: Images in a Changing Socio-Cultural World PDF
Preview Children and Television: Images in a Changing Socio-Cultural World
Children n & Television To ARTHUR NADEL For his development of prosocial programs for children, wise guidance to friends, and willingness to share his creative talents with others. Television & Television (cid:10) I m a g es In a C h a n g i ng S o c i o c u l t u r al W o r ld GORDON L. BERRY JOY KEIKO A S Α Μ Ε Ν SAGE Publications International Educational and Professional Publisher Newbury Park London New Delhi Copyright © 1993 by Sage Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo copying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information address: S&AGE Pu&blica tions , Inc. Newbury Park , California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A 4PU United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. M-32 Market Greater Kailash I New Delhi 110 048 India Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Children and television : images in a changing sociocultural world / edited by Gordon L. Berry, Joy Keiko Asamen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8039-4699-6 — ISBN 0-8039-4700-3 (pbk.) 1. Television and children—United States. 2. Pluralism (Social Sciences)—United States. I. Berry, Gordon L. II. Asamen, Joy Keiko. 1953 HQ784.T4C47 1993 302.223'45·083—dc20 93-973 CIP 98 99 00 01 10 9 8 7 6 5 Sage Production Editor: Judith L. Hunter Contents Preface ix Introduction: Television as a Worldwide 1 Cultural Tapestry GORDON L. BERRY Part I: Television and the Developing Child 5 in a Multimedia World 1. The Developing Child in a Multimedia Society 9 JOHN P. MURRAY 2. Cognitive Developmental Influences on Children's 23 Understanding of Television CATHERINE N. DOUBLEDAY and KRISTIN L. DROEGE 3. From Television Forms to Genre Schemata: 38 Children's Perceptions of Television Reality MARGUERITE FITCH, ALETHA C. HUSTON, and JOHN C. WRIGHT 4. The Program-Length Commercial: A Study of 53 the Effects of Television/Toy Tie-Ins on Imaginative Play PATRICIA MARKS GREENFIELD, EMILY YUT, MABEL CHUNG, DEBORAH LAND, HOLLY KREIDER, MAURICE PANTOJA, and KRIS HORSLEY 5. Creativity of Children in a Television World 73 DOROTHY G. SINGER 6. Children and Media in Media Education 89 JAMES A. ANDERSON and MILTON E. PLOGHOFT 7.(cid:9) The Medium of Television and the School Curriculum: 103 (cid:10) Turning Research Into Classroom Practice (cid:10) GORDON L. BERRY Part II: Television and the Development 115 (cid:10) of a Child's Worldview (cid:10) 8.(cid:9) The Medium and the Society: The Role of Television 117 (cid:10) in American Life (cid:10) GEORGE COMSTOCK 9.(cid:9) Cultural Diversity on Saturday Morning Television 132 (cid:10) BRADLEY S. GREENBERG and JEFFREY E. BRAND 10.(cid:9) Rubik's Tube: Developing a Child's Television 143 (cid:10) Worldview (cid:10) EDWARD L. PALMER, K. TAYLOR SMITH, (cid:10) and KIM S. STRAWSER (cid:10) 11.(cid:9) Conceptual Models of an African-American 155 (cid:10) Belief System: A Program of Research (cid:10) RICHARD L. ALLEN Part III: Television and the Development of a Child's 177 (cid:10) Understanding of Diverse Populations (cid:10) 12.(cid:9) Television, the Portrayal of African Americans, 179 (cid:10) and the Development of Children's Attitudes (cid:10) SHERRYL BROWNE GRAVES 13.(cid:9) Developing Television for American Indian and 191 (cid:10) Alaska Native Children in the Late 20th Century (cid:10) HANEY GEIOGAMAH (KIOWA) and D. MICHAEL PAVEL (SKOKOMISH) 14.(cid:9) They're So Cute When They're Young: 205 (cid:10) The Asian-American Child on Television (cid:10) DARRELL Υ. HAMAMOTO 15.(cid:9) The Television Worlds of Latino Children 215 (cid:10) FEDERICO A. SUBERVI-VELEZ and SUSAN COLSANT 16.(cid:9) Television, the Portrayal of Women, 229 (cid:10) and Children's Attitudes (cid:10) NANCY S1GNORIELLI 17. Television, the Portrayal of the Elderly, 243 and Children's Attitudes PETER M. KOVARIC 18. Changing Channels: The Portrayal of People 255 With Disabilities on Television ELAINE MAKAS Part IV: Future Perspectives on Programs for Children 269 19. Policy and the Future of Children's Television 273 DALE KUNKEL 20. Public Television Programming and the Changing 291 Cultural Landscape GORDON L. BERRY 21. The Challenge to Improve Television for Children: 296 A New Perspective HORST STIPP 22. The Nickelodeon Experience 303 GERALDINE LAYBOURNE Epilogue: What Children Learn From Television 308 and How They Learn It JOY KEIKO ASAMEN Author Index 311 Subject Index 320 About the Contributors 329 Preface C hildren today live in a multimedia world. It is a world com posed of media forms that are now part of the total culture in which a child is born, grows, and develops into an adult. It is also a world in which the United States is well on its way to being truly universal in its cultural diversity. Against the backdrop of the media explosion and changing cultural landscape in the country, television and other electronic media are becoming more important than ever as a type of noncertificated teacher of children. Television programs with their images, portrayals, and creative story telling are more than passive entertainment. Whenever tele vision is on in the home, it teaches the young viewers something about themselves as well as about individuals and groups who are different. The social, psychological, and educational constructs in herent in the teaching and learning processes of television, and how developing children learn from them are the foci of this book. In this book we approach these psychosocial and sociocultural constructs of television and children from a multidisciplinary per spective. Although the general framework of the content is research based, we also present concepts related to general practices that students, researchers, teachers, public interest organizations, broad casters, and other groups can utilize to better understand the role of this medium in the life of the child. As senior editor, I would like to express my special thanks to Dr. William (Bill) Cosby, that master teacher, and Lou Scheimer, a friend and mentor, for inviting me years ago to work with them on a televi sion program for children known as Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids. This program stimulated my research in the field of media and social behavior, and this book is a continuation of that early work. In addition, there have been a number of broadcasters, such as Judy ix
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