CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE A Reference Handbook www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 Other Titles in ABC-CLIO’s CONTEMPORARY WORLD ISSUES Series Chemical and Biological Warfare, Al Mauroni Conflicts over Natural Resources, Jacqueline Vaughn Cults, James R. Lewis Forest Fires, Philip N. Omi Genetic Engineering,Harry LeVine, III Gun Control in the United States, Gregg Lee Carter Hate Crimes, Donald Altschiller Human Rights Worldwide, Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat Hurricanes, Patrick J. Fitzpatrick Illicit Trafficking, Robert J. Kelly, Jess Maghan, Joseph DiSerio International Environmental Disputes, Aaron Schwabach Invasion of Privacy, Kevin M. Keenan Juvenile Justice, Donald J. Shoemaker and Timothy W. Wolfe Native American Issues, William N. Thompson New Slavery, Kevin Bales Punishment in America, Cyndi Banks United Nations System, The, Chadwick F. 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Each book, carefully organized and easy to use, contains an overview of the subject, a detailed chronology, biographical sketches, facts and data and/or documents and other primary- source material, a directory of organizations and agencies, annotated lists of print and nonprint resources, and an index. Readers of books in the Contemporary World Issues series will find the information they need in order to have a better understanding of the social, political, environmental, and economic issues facing the world today. www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE A Reference Handbook, Second Edition Karen L. Kinnear CONTEMPORARY WORLD ISSUES Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, England www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 Copyright © 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kinnear, Karen L. Childhood sexual abuse : a reference handbook / Karen L. Kinnear. p. cm. — (Contemporary world issues) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-905-0 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-906-9 (e-book) ISBN-13: 978-1-85109-905-4 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-85109-906-1 (e-book) 1. Child sexual abuse. 2. Child sexual abuse—Prevention. 3. Sexually abused children. I. Title. HV6570.K55 2007 362.76--dc22 2006035241 ISBN-13: 978-1-85109-905-4 (ebook) 978-1-85109-906-1 ISBN-10: 1-85109-905-0 (ebook) 1-85109-906-9 11 10 09 08 07 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ABC-CLIO, Inc. 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an ebook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 To Stephen and Kathleen, with the hope that your generation will see reduced numbers of children who are sexually abused. www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 Contents Preface, xv 1 Background and History, 1 Child Sexual Abuse Defined, 1 Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse, 3 Who Is Abused? 4 Perpetrators, 5 Parents/Step-Parents, 8 Siblings, 11 Other Family Members, 13 Causes, 13 Effects, 14 Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome, 18 Sexual Disorders, 18 Eating Disorders, 19 Substance Abuse, 19 Depression, 20 Indicators o f Childhood Sexual Abuse, 20 Intervention/Treatment, 21 Reporting, 22 Investigation, 23 Treatment, 24 Interviewing the Child, 24 Medical Examinations, 25 Social and Law Enforcement Services, 25 The Legal System, 26 Children as Witnesses, 27 Use of Expert Witnesses, 29 Child Advocate Programs, 30 ix www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868 x Contents Prevention, 31 Parental Education Programs, 32 Prevention Programs for Professionals, 32 Prevention Programs for Children, 33 Other Types of Child Sexual Abuse, 34 Child Exploitation and Prostitution, 34 Cults and Ritual Abuse, 35 Child Pornography and Sex Rings, 38 References, 40 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions, 47 Identifying Abuse, 47 Estimates of Incidence and Prevalence of Sexual Abuse,48 Children’s Credibility, 49 Perpetrators, 50 Homosexuals, 50 Teachers, 51 Female Offenders, 53 Coaches, 54 Juvenile Sex Offenders, 55 Treatment, 55 The Use of Anatomically Detailed Dolls, 57 Interviewing the Mother, 59 Confronting the Abuser, 60 Recidivism, 61 Chemical Castration, 64 Repression/False Memories, 65 Community Notification Laws, 69 Juvenile Offenders and Community Notification, 71 Prevention, 72 Sexual Abuse Committed by Clergy, 75 Statutes of Limitations, 78 Online Predators, 79 References, 80 3 Worldwide Perspective, 85 International Laws and Conventions, 85 Other Conventions, 87 Regional Laws and Conventions, 88 Incidence and Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse, 89 Developed Regions/Countries, 89 www.abc-clio.com ABC-CLIO 1-800-368-6868
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