Child welfare and child well-being: new perspectives from the national survey of child and adolescent well-being

475 Pages·2009·2.06 MB·English

by  Mary Bruce Webb

Child Welfare and Child Well-Being
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CHILD WELFARE AND
CHILD WELL-BEING
New Perspectives From the National Survey of
Child and Adolescent Well-Being
Edited by
Mary Bruce Webb
Kathryn Dowd
Brenda Jones Harden
John Landsverk
Mark F. Testa

1
2010
1
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Childwelfareandchildwell-being:newperspectivesfromthenationalsurveyofchild
andadolescentwell-being/editedbyMaryBruceWebb...[etal.].
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalrefer encesandindex.
ISBN978-0-19-539846-5
1. Childwelfare–UnitedStates. I. Webb,MaryBruce.
HV741.C452009
362.70973—dc22
2009013845
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
onacid-freepaper
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thisbookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthechildren,thecaregivers,and
thechildwelfarecaseworkersandadministrativestaffwhoprovidedthedataforthe
NationalSurveyofChildandAdolescentWell-Being(NSCAW).Itisremarkableto
thinkthatthousandsofindividualswholiveandworkundersometimesextreme
stresses are willing to look beyond their own circumstances to contribute to a
projectthatwillresultinnoimmediateorobviousbenefittothemselves.
Ofthehundredsofindividualswhohavecontributedoverthepastdecadeto
the planning and management of NSCAW, a few deserve special notice. Carol
WilsonSpigner,astheAssociateCommissioneroftheChildren?sBureauwhenthe
work began, understood the opportunity to examine the interactions across the
variousdimensionsofthechildwelfaresystem,andsupportedtheplanningofa
surveywithambitiousbreadthandreach.MattStagnermustbecreditedwiththe
vision that NSCAW wouldbecome a resource for thechild welfare research and
policycommunity.GaynelAbadieensuredthatthecomplexmechanicsoffunding

were balanced with the scientific needs of the survey. Janet Griffith, Jeannie
Newman and their colleagues at Caliber Associates/ICF played a major role in
persuading local agenciestoparticipate. RichardBarth, oneoftheoriginalprin-
cipal investigators for the study, made immeasurable contributions through his
thorough and practical knowledge of child welfare practice and policy. Another
principal investigator in the early years, Desmond Runyan, guided much of the
conceptual development around antecedents and sequelae of maltreatment.
Adynamicworkgroupofconsultantswasgenerousinsharingtimeandexpertise,
and their knowledge enabled a true multidisciplinary approach; members have
includedJohnLandsverk,BrendaJonesHarden,MarkTesta,SteveBarnett,Cheryl
Boyce,RobClyman,JillDuerrBerrick,PeterDigre,GregDuncan,JohnEckenrode,
Byron Egeland, Diana English, John Fairbank, Michael Foster, Charles Glisson,
v
vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Robert Goerge, Kimberly Hoagwood, Sally Horwitz, Kelly Kelleher, Jess
McDonald,RobertOrtega,andKarabellePizzigatti.RonHaskins,whowasinstru-
mentalintheauthorizinglegislationforNSCAW,hascontinuedtoworkthrough
the Brookings Institution and the Annie E. Casey Foundation to promote wide
disseminationofresults.ElliottSmithandothersattheNationalDataArchivefor
ChildAbuseandNeglecthaveprovidedmanyhoursofadvicetoanalystsusingthe
NSCAWdata.
NumerousindividualsatResearchTriangleInternational(RTI)wererespon-
sibleforthesuccessfulimplementationofthestudy,andalistingofallthosewho
madecontributionsisnotpossiblehere.ThefactthatmanyoftheRTIfieldstaff
andmanagerswhoarenowconductingNSCAWIIhavebeenonthestaffsincethe
beginningofNSCAWIspeakstotheircommitmenttothisworkandtothefamilies
who are represented here. Special mention must be made of Paul Biemer, who
developed the survey design, and who has continued to be a creative leader and
patient teacher. Mike Weeks, thefirst NSCAW Project Director at RTI and sub-
sequentsenioradvisor,sawthatthecontractwascarefullymanagedthroughmany
difficult times. Finally, Jenny Foerst?s sensitive editing of all the chapters in this
bookhasgreatlyimproveditsreadability.
TheNationalSurveyforChildandAdolescentWell-Beingisfundedthrough
the Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation at the Administration for
Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The
information in this volume should not be construed as reflecting the official
views of the Department of Health and Human Services, or of the
AdministrationforChildrenandfamilies.
CONTENTS
Contributors ix
Introduction xv
1. StudyDesignandMethods 3
PaulP.Biemer,KathrynDowd,andMaryBruceWebb
PartI MovingTowardaDevelopmentalFrameworkin
ChildWelfare 51
2. QualityoftheEarlyCaregivingEnvironmentandPreschool
Well-Being:AnExaminationofChildrenEnteringtheChild
WelfareSystemDuringInfancy 55
BrendaJonesHarden,JessicaVickWhittaker,GregoryHancock,and
KevinWang
3. RiskandResi lienceAmongChildrenReferredtotheChild
WelfareSystem:ALongitudinalInvestigationofChildWell-Being
inMultipleDomains 83
AnneShaffer,ByronEgeland,andKevinWang
4. LatentClassificationofPhysicalAbuseasaPredictorofAdolescent
Functioning 107
CharlesV.Izzo,ElliotG.Smith,JohnJ.Eckenrode,PaulP.Biemer,and
SharonL.Christ
5. EffectsofIntimate-PartnerViolenceonChild
Psychopathology 133
WilliamGardner,KellyKelleher,andKathleenPajer
vii
viii CONTENTS
PartII ChildWelfare,SocialCapital,andChildWell-Being 155
6. ComparativeSafety,Stability,andContinuityofChildren’s
PlacementsinFormalandInformalSubstituteCare 159
MarkTesta,ChristinaM.Bruhn,andJesseHelton
7. TheSocialCapitalofYouthinFosterCare:AnAssessmentand
PolicyImplications 192
MatthewStagnerandDanielKuehn
8. ExplainingReunificationandReentry3YearsAfterPlacementin
Out-of-HomeCare 208
RichardP.Barth,ShenyangGuo,ElizabethC.Weigensberg,SharonL.Christ,
ChristinaM.Bruhn,andRebeccaL.Green
9. RacialandEthnicDiversityintheInitialChildWelfareExperience:
ExploringAreasofConvergenceandDivergence 236
RobertM.Ortega,AndrewGrogan-Kaylor,MaryRuffolo,JenellClarke,and
RebeccaKarb
PartIII TheSurveyStudyDesignandMental
HealthServicesResearch 273
10. PatternsandPredictorsofMentalHealthServices
UsebyChildreninContactWiththeChildWelfareSystem 279
SarahMcCueHorwitz,MichaelS.Hurlburt,andJinjinZhang
11. ExitsFromOut-of-HomeCareandContinuityof
MentalHealthServiceUse 330
JohnLandsverk,MichaelS.Hurlburt,LaurelLeslie,JenniferRolls,
andJinjinZhang
12. CaregiverDepression,MentalHealthService
Use,andCh ildOutcomes 351
BarbaraJ.Burns,SarahA.Mustillo,ElizabethM.Z.Farmer,
DavidJ.Kolko,JulieMcCrae,AnneM.Libby,andMaryBruceWebb
13. OrganizationalClimateandServiceOutcomesin
ChildWelfareSystems 380
CharlesGlisson
14. InformationManagement,InteragencyCollaboration,
andOutcomesinChildWelfareAgencies 409
E.MichaelFoster,RebeccaWells,andYuBai
NameIndex 437
SubjectIndex 441
CONTRIBUTORS
YUBAI,PHD
SchoolofPublicHealth
UniversityofNorthCarolina
ChapelHill,NorthCarolina
RICHARDP.BARTH,PHD
SchoolofSocialWork
UniversityofMaryland
Baltimore,Maryland
PAULP.BIEMER,PHD
RTIInternationaland
UniversityofNorthCarolina
ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina
CHRISTINAM.BRUHN,PHD
ChildrenandFamilyResearchCenter
SchoolofSocialWork
UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign
Chicago,Illinois
BARBARAJ.BURNS,PHD
DepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciences
DukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine
Durham,NorthCarolina
SHARONL.CHRIST,PHD
OdumInstitute
UniversityofNorthCarolina
ChapalHill,NorthCarolina
JENELLCLARKE,MSW
SchoolofSocialWork
UniversityofMichigan
AnnArbor,Michigan
ix