Child Rights and Displacement in East Africa: Agency and Spatial Justice in Planning Policy

199 Pages·2022·5.601 MB·English

by  Cherie C. Enns, Willibard J. Kombe

Child Rights and Displacement
in East Africa
Focusing on the intersection of spatial justice, child rights, and planning policy,
this book investigates the challenges of resettlement in East Africa, where half of
those displaced are children.
The challenges created by displacement and resettlement are often considered
from an adult- centric perspective by planners and humanitarian and development
experts. The spatial injustice of displacement and resettlement, the agency of
children, and the application of tools such as Child Participatory Vulnerability
Index ( CPVI) are siloed, commonly overlooked, or discounted. This book uses a
CPVI and rights- based assessment of land- use policies to investigate resettlement
due to conflict and settlement in northern Uganda; floods due to climate change
in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and urban to rural migration of children due to
the AIDS pandemic in Western Kenya. Case studies from over a decade of field
research are integrated with examples from applied planning projects and policy
development in the East Africa region. This book uses spatial justice theory to
show how child- friendly planning approaches can positively promote child rights
in the context of resettlement.
Providing important insights on how to enact child- friendly planning in in-
formal settlements, refugee camps, and displacement camps, this book will be
of interest to planning and development professionals and researchers across the
fields of Children’s Rights, Development Studies, Planning, and African Studies.
Cherie C. Enns is Associate Professor at the School of Land Use and Environ-
ment Change/ Global Development Studies at the University of the Fraser Valley,
Canada.
Willibard J. Kombe is Professor at Ardhi University at the Institute of Human
Settlements Studies, Tanzania.
Routledge Studies in Development,
Displacement and Resettlement
This series is concerned with the complex global issue of forced migration, from
its causes and resulting implications to potential responses and solutions. With
the numbers of forcibly displaced people around the world hitting record levels in
recent years, including refugees, internally displaced persons and asylum seekers,
this is an issue that affects not only those communities and countries that people
are fleeing from, but also those they are fleeing to.
The series will explore the various mechanisms by which people undergo
forced movement, such as war, conflict, environmental disaster, development pro-
jects, persecution, ecological degradation, famine, human trafficking and ethnic
cleansing. It also seeks to promote a fuller understanding of the implications of
forced displacement and how scholars, policy- makers, NGO advocates and those
working in the field can collectively develop adequate responses.
Climate Change, Disasters, and Internal Displacement in
Asia and the Pacific
A Human Rights-B ased Approach
Edited by Matthew Scott and Albert Salamanca
Resettlement in Asian Countries
Legislation, Administration and Struggles for Rights
Edited by Mohammad Zaman, Reshmy Nair and Shi Guoqing
Child Rights and Displacement in East Africa
Agency and Spatial Justice in Planning Policy
Cherie C. Enns and Willibard J.Kombe
Development- I nduced Displacement and Resettlement in Vietnam
Exploring the S tate-P eople Nexus
Edited by Nguyen Quy Nghi and Jane Singer
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ Routledge-
S tudies- in- Development- Displacement- and- Resettlement/ book- series/ RSDR
Child Rights and Displacement
in East Africa
Agency and Spatial Justice
in Planning Policy
Cherie C. Enns and Willibard J. Kombe
First published 2023
by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2023 Cherie C. Enns and Willibard J. Kombe
The right of Cherie C. Enns and Willibard J. Kombe to be identified as
authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and
78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library C ataloguing-i n-P ublication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Enns, Cherie C., author. | Kombe, Willibard J., author.
Title: Child rights and displacement in East Africa : agency and spatial justice in
planning policy / Cherie C. Enns and Willibard J. Kombe.
Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2023. |
Series: Routledge studies in development, displacement and resettlement |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2022012348 (print) | LCCN 2022012349 (ebook) | ISBN
9781032035321 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032035376 (paperback) | ISBN
9781003187820 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Children’s rights—Africa, East.
Classification: LCC HQ789 .E66 2023 (print) | LCC HQ789 (ebook) | DDC
323.3/5209676—dc23/eng/20220604
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022012348
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022012349
ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 03532- 1 ( hbk)
ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 03537- 6 ( pbk)
ISBN: 978- 1- 003- 18782- 0 ( ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/ 9781003187820
Typeset in Goudy
by codeMantra
Contents
List of figures vii
List of tables ix
1 Introduction 1
2 Legacy of Land Use Planning: Child Rights and Spatial Justice 19
3 Methods and Approaches 60
4 Spatial Justice for HIV Orphans and Vulnerable Children:
The Case of Muhanda in Rural Kenya 84
5 Refugee Children and Settlement Rural Uganda Case Study 99
6 Spatial Justice for Children: The Displacement Case in
Suna Ward and Mabwepande in Dar es Salaam 115
7 Framework for More Spatially Just and Transformative
Planning Policy about Resettlement 132
8 Conclusions, Planning Policy Issues, and Recommendations 153
Index 179

Figures
1.1 Conceptual framework of the study 11
2.1 Sustainability conflicts 42
2.2 Linkages between global and local policy 50
3.1 M ap of East African community and field sites or case study areas 63
3.2 Roger Hart’s Ladder of Participation 65
3.3 Traditional and related research methods 67
3.4 Traditional knowledge and participation of the community 73
4.1 The vision of the Muhanda Day Centre drafted for this study 93
4.2 Building plans for Muhanda community centre as an outcome of
community participation 97
6.1 Children as Co- Producers of Space, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 116
6.2 Flood victims from current and relocated area 122
6.3 Summarized drawings by flood victims 123
8.1 Theory of change related to children and spatial justice 158
8.2 The vision of Muhanda Day Centre drafted for this study 163
8.3 Recommendations addressing research objectives 165
8.4 Children playing in the Nile River, South Sudan 174

Tables
2.1 Selected scan of literature review – regional/ global 49
3.1 Presentation of research questions, data collections and analysis 61
3.2 Case selection criteria and ranking 71
4.1 Composition of main respondents and numbers 88
4.2 Budget for the community day centre submitted to IDRC 94
5.1 Breakdown of child participants in Uganda case study 103
5.2 Child participation and laws in Uganda 106
5.3 Child’s needs and responses 107
5.4 Example of summary of worries/ solutions 110
6.1 Children respondents in Suna and Mabwepande 120
6.2 Comparison of activities and objects depicted in participant
drawings 121
7.1 Cross comparison of issues 134
7.2 Application of ACRWC and UNCRC to Case Studies 25 138
7.3 Child Participatory Vulnerability Index 148
8.1 Child participatory vulnerability index for three case studies 161