Child-Centred Attachment Therapy: The CcAT Programme

233 Pages·2009·0.767 MB·English

by  Alexandra Maeja Raicar, Pauline Sear, Maggie Gall

Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page i
CHAPTERTITLE I
111
2
3
4
5
6
CHILD-CENTRED
711
8 ATTACHMENT THERAPY
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
211
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
911
Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page ii
111 Other titles in the UKCP Series:
2
3 What is Psychotherapeutic Research?
Del Loewenthal
4
Diversity, Discipline and Devotion in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy:
5
Clinical and Training Perspectives
6
Gertrud Mander
7 Shakespeare on the Couch
8 Michael Jacobs
9 Dialogue and Desire: Mikhail Bakhtin and the Linguistic Turn
in Psychotherapy
10
Rachel Pollard
1
Our Desire of Unrest: Thinking About Therapy
2 Michael Jacobs
3 Not Just Talking: Conversational Analysis, Harvey Sacks'
4 Gift to Therapy
Jean Pain
5
The Muse as Therapist: A New Paradigm for Psychotherapy
6
Heward Wilkinson
711
The Emergent Self: An Existential–Gestalt Approach
8 Peter Philippson
9 Psychosis in the Family: The Journey of a Psychotherapist and Mother
20 Janet C. Love
1
2
3
4
511
6
7
8
9
311
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
911
Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page iii
111
2
3
4
5
6
711
CHILD-CENTRED
8
9
ATTACHMENT THERAPY
10
1
2
The CcAT Programme
3
4
5
6 Alexandra Maeja Raicar
7
with contributions by Pauline Sear
8
9 and Maggie Gall
211
1 On behalf of the United Kingdom Council
2
for Psychotherapy
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
911
Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page iv
111
2
3
4
5
6
7 First published in 2009 by
8 Karnac Books Ltd
9 118 Finchley Road, London NW3 5HT
10
1
2
3
Copyright © 2009 Alexandra Maeja Raicar
4
5
6
The right of Alexandra Maeja Raicar to be identified as the author of this
711 work has been asserted in accordance with §§ 77 and 78 of the Copyright
8 Design and Patents Act 1988.
9
20 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
1 in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
2 electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of the publisher.
3
4
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
511
6
A C.I.P. for this book is available from the British Library
7
8
ISBN-13: 978 1 85575 505 5
9
311
1 Edited, designed and produced by The Studio Publishing Services Ltd,
2 www.publishingservicesuk.co.uk
3 e-mail: [email protected]
4
Printed in Great Britain
5
6
7
8
www.karnacbooks.com
911
Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page v
111 CONTENTS
2
3
4
5
6
711
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
211 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii
1
ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND MAIN CONTRIBUTORS xi
2
3 ABOUT CHILD-CENTRED ATTACHMENT THERAPY xiii
4
PREFACE xv
5
6
CHAPTER ONE
7
The long-term impact of attachment difficulties on families 1
8
9
CHAPTER TWO
30
Background to the development of CcAT: a programme 49
1
for fostering mutual attachment between child and carer
2
3
CHAPTER THREE
4 From theory to practice: CcAT as a “working model” 67
5
6
CHAPTER FOUR
7 Phase 2 of the CcAT Programme (1996): brief evaluation 85
8
of the pilot project: our learning from adoptive families
911
v
Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page vi
vi CONTENTS
111 CHAPTER FIVE
2 Phase 3 of the CcAT Programme (1997–2007) 117
3 CcAT as an independent attachment therapy with birth,
4 extended, foster, adoptive, and step-families:
5 our further learning from families
6
7 CHAPTER SIX
8 Re-evaluating CcAT: its potential in child protection work 139
9
10 CHAPTER SEVEN
1 CcAT therapists’ learning and users’ perspectives; 153
2 professionals’ perspectives
3
CHAPTER EIGHT
4
Afuture for CcAT: spreading the word among professionals 163
5
6
CHAPTER NINE
711
Overall learning from CcAT: who can benefit 175
8
9
Epilogue 183
20
1
APPENDICES
2
Appendix A1: CcAT child’s attachment behaviours 185
3
Appendix A2: CcAT parent’s attachment questionnaire 189
4
Appendix B: Life story work and life story books 193
511
Appendix C: Structure of CcAT Programme 195
6
Appendix D: CcAT work with carers 197
7
Appendix E: CcAT child-centred work 199
8
Appendix F: Ascertaining the wishes and feelings of children 201
9
311 REFERENCES 205
1
INDEX 209
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
911
Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page vii
111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2
3
4
5
6
711
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
211 Child-centred Attachment Therapy (CcAT) was developed and
1 piloted in Essex during 1995–1996 as a brief therapy programme. Its
2 aim was to foster mutual attachment in adoptive families where
3 placements of children were in jeopardy because of the child’s fail-
4 ure to attach to her new carers, despite their apparent willingness to
5 meet her needs. Over the past ten years CcAT has been used inde-
6 pendently with birth, extended, foster, adoptive and step-families.
7 The programme is based on attachment theory, derived from the
8 work of the late Sir John Bowlby and his successors. I am indebted
9 for the following concepts to: Vera Fahlberg: “Positive/negative
30 interaction cycles” and fostering attachments; Selma Fraiberg:
1 “Ghosts in the nursery” and attachment/child protection work;
2 Charles Whitfield: “Inner child healing”.
3 My grateful thanks to Clair Pyper, Children and Families
4 Service, Essex County Council, for permission to reproduce here
5 materials from earlier publications written during 1995–1997 for the
6 CcAT pilot project; and also to
7
8 ● my three enthusiastic colleagues who helped to co-develop and
911 pilot CcAT at Southend Family Finders during 1995–1997, and
vii
Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page viii
viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
111 for their significant contributions to this book: Pauline Sear, Dr
2 Maggie Gall and Margaret Saxby;
3 ● our team leaders, Carol Collis and Di Hart, who allowed us
4 time to test CcAT;
5 ● Tony Sharp, County Adoption Manager, Essex, for facilitating
6 the pilot project and leading a County Focus Group of adoption
7 practitioners to reflect on our learning;
8 ● Lesley Smith, senior researcher, Essex Social Services, who eval-
9 uated the project;
10 ● Mike Leadbetter, then Director of Social Services, Essex, for his
1 encouragement.
2
I am grateful to Dr Hisako Watanabe and Dr Stella Acquarone
3
for modelling family attachment work, and all the teachers and
4
therapists and writers I have learned from over the years, uncon-
5
sciously as well as consciously.
6
My thanks to the many, many children and families whose sto-
711
ries are shared anonymously here to help illustrate our learning
8 from CcAT work, and to all who have contributed to this book for
9
sharing their thinking and experience and stories so openly and
20
generously, especially “Rose”, “Gemma” and “Emily”; see also list
1
of “Permissions”, below.
2 I thank Dr Stella Acquarone and Bernie Laschinger for their
3 insightful supervision throughout, and colleagues who, despite
4 their very busy schedules, took time to read and comment so help-
511 fully on an earlier draft or parts of it: Angela Reynolds, Anne
6 Wardrop, Bernie Laschinger, Colette Salkeld, Eve Menezes Cun-
7 ningham, Franca Brenninkmeyer, Inger Gordon, Jasmine Shekleton,
8 Maggie Rogers, Monica Duck, Richard Bowlby, Rosie Ingham, Sue
9 Dromey, and Vivien Nice. Any errors or omissions remain my
311 responsibility.
1 Grateful thanks to Eve Menezes Cunningham, for her invalu-
2 able support and ever helpful advice and comments; and finally,
3 thank you to Christelle Yeyet-Jacquot and Pippa Weitz at Karnac for
4 their editorial help, patience, and encouragement throughout this
5 writing project, and to the copy-editor and the production team.
6
Permissions
7
8 My special thanks for permission to include their own perspectives
911 on CcAT to: Angela Reynolds: “A clinician’s perspective” (in
Raicar prelims correx 5/11/09 1:16 PM Page ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix
111 Chapter Eight); Colette Salkeld: “A music therapist’s perspective”
2 (in Chapter Eight); Linda Fowler: “A fostering agency’s perspec-
3 tive” (in Chapter Seven); Sir Richard Bowlby: “An attachment
4 researcher’s perspective” (in Chapter Eight).
5
6
711
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
211
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
911