Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Third Edition PDF
Preview Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Third Edition
P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-fm JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:59 Trim:244mmX172mm Child and Adolescent Psychiatry P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-fm JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:59 Trim:244mmX172mm We dedicate this book to all children and parents, especially our own. Companionwebsite Thebookisaccompaniedbyacompanionresourcessite: goodmanchildpsychiatry.com withself-assessmentmaterialforeachchapter. P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-fm JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:59 Trim:244mmX172mm Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Robert Goodman PhD, FRCPsych, MRCP ProfessorofBrainandBehaviouralMedicine,InstituteofPsychiatry, King’sCollege,London Stephen Scott BSc, FRCP, FRCPsych ProfessorofChildHealthandBehaviour,DepartmentofChild& AdolescentPsychiatry,InstituteofPsychiatry,King’sCollege,London THIRD EDITION FOREWORD BY PROFESSOR SIR MICHAEL RUTTER FRS A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-fm JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:59 Trim:244mmX172mm Thiseditionfirstpublished2012(cid:2)C 2012byRobertGoodmanandStephenScott Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobalScientific, TechnicalandMedicalbusinesswithBlackwellPublishing. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Goodman,Robert,MRCPsych. Childandadolescentpsychiatry/RobertGoodmanandStephenScott.–3rded. p.;cm. Rev.ed.of:Childpsychiatry/RobertGoodmanandStephenScott.2nded.Oxford,UK:Blackwell, 2005. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-119-97968-5(pbk.) I.Scott,Stephen,MRCPsych.II.Goodman,Robert,MRCPsych.Childpsychiatry.III.Title. [DNLM:1.MentalDisorders.2.Adolescent.3.Child.WS350] 618.92’89–dc23 2012011738 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint maynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. CoverphotoscourtesyofStephenScott,CatherineLincolnandiStockphoto.com Setin9.5/12ptMeridienbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2012 P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-fm JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:59 Trim:244mmX172mm Contents ForewordtoFirstEdition,vii ForewordtoThirdEdition,ix Preface,xi Part 1 Assessment,ClassificationandEpidemiology,1 1 Assessment,1 2 Classification,22 3 Epidemiology,31 Part 2 SpecificDisordersandPresentations,43 4 AutisticSpectrumDisorders,45 5 DisordersofAttentionandActivity,56 6 DisruptiveBehaviour,65 7 JuvenileDelinquency,79 8 SchoolRefusal,89 9 AnxietyDisorders,95 10 Depression,102 11 Mania,109 12 SuicideandDeliberateSelf-harm,116 13 StressDisorders,123 14 Obsessive-compulsiveDisorder,131 15 TouretteSyndromeandOtherTicDisorders,136 16 SelectiveMutism,141 17 AttachmentDisorders,145 18 Enuresis,151 19 FaecalSoiling,159 20 SleepDisorders,163 21 Psychosomatics,171 22 PreschoolProblems,182 v P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-fm JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:59 Trim:244mmX172mm vi Contents 23 IntroductiontoAdolescenceandItsDisorders,187 24 Schizophrenia,193 25 EatingDisorders,199 26 SubstanceUseandAbuse,204 27 Maltreatment,210 Part 3 RiskFactors,227 28 IntellectualDisability,229 29 BrainDisorders,239 30 LanguageDisorders,244 31 ReadingDifficulties,250 32 InsecureAttachment,259 33 NatureandNurture,270 34 CopingwithAdversity,282 35 SchoolandPeerFactors,292 Part 4 TreatmentandServices,299 36 Intervention:FirstPrinciples,301 37 Prevention,310 38 MedicationandDiet,319 39 Behaviourally-basedTreatments,328 40 Cognitive,InterpersonalandOtherIndividualTherapies,336 41 FamilyandSystemicTherapies,344 42 FosteringandAdoption,361 43 OrganisationofServices,370 Index,381 Companionwebsite Thebookisaccompaniedbyacompanionresourcessite: goodmanchildpsychiatry.com withself-assessmentmaterialforeachchapter. P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-ForeI JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:51 Trim:244mmX172mm Foreword to First Edition There is nothing quite like this gem of a book, which provides much the best introduction to child psychiatry that has been written. It is succinct, veryeasytoread,andimmenselypracticalintheguidanceitprovideson conceptualissues,ondiagnosisandontreatment.Mostintroductorytext- booksachieveaccessibilityforpractitionersatthecostofalackofscientific rigour and questioning; this splendid volume shows well that this price need not be paid. It is thoroughly up to date in its distillation of research findingsanditconveys,withbothinterestandclarity,howmodernclinical work is being shaped by the products of scientific investigation. Quite appropriately, the details of the research are not described, but the spirit ofscientificinquirypervadesthewholeofthebook.Referencestoawell- selected,shortlistofkeyreviewpapersandchaptersareprovided,sothat readersmaybothextendtheirunderstandingandalsoassesstheevidence forthemselves.Theaccountgivenhere,however,doesaremarkablygood jobofselectingfromanimmenseliteraturetheresearchfindingsthatare ofgreatestclinicalrelevancenow.Iwouldbesurprisedifreadingthisbook doesnotstimulatemostpeopletoreadfurther.Equally,Iamsurethatthey willbeastonishedtodiscoverhowlittlethatisimportanthasnotalready beenwellcoveredinthisvolume.Quiteafeat! Boththeauthorsareexperiencedcliniciansandtheirwealthofpractical knowledge, together with their ‘feel’ for clinical issues and for patients’ needs, comes through on every page. All the major varieties of mental disorders are covered but the approach taken is distinctive in four main respects. To begin with, the book provides very helpful guidance on the detailsofhowtodowhatisneeded.Thisisasevidentinthefirstchapteron assessment as in those dealing with different forms of treatment. Indeed, the description of how clinicians need to think about the questions in- volvedinassessmentismasterlydespite(orperhapsbecauseof)itsbrevity. Second,thereisaparticularlyinsightfuldescriptionofthedifferentkinds of risk and protective factors and of how they might operate. Third, the discussionofclinicalissuesinvolvesanexplicitlydevelopmentalfocuswith an accompanying consideration of just how overt disorders relate to the variationsinnormaldevelopment.Finally,thebookisskilfullyorganised tobemosthelpfultothosepreparingforprofessionalexaminations(with ausefullistof200multiplechoicequestions).Remarkably,itachievesthis vii P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-ForeI JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:51 Trim:244mmX172mm viii ForewordtoFirstEdition organisation without the drawback of unwarranted dogmatism that mars so many introductory texts. My only regret is that I did not write this excellentbook! ProfessorSirMichaelRutter HonoraryDirector MRCChildPsychiatryUnit,InstituteofPsychiatry P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-ForeI JWST191-Goodman July6,2012 13:51 Trim:244mmX172mm Foreword to Third Edition This splendid new third edition retains all the strengths of its prede- cessors and it not only brings things up to date but it broadens the coverage through additional material on adolescence. The timing of the book coincides with a period during which DSM-5 and ICD-11, the new classifications from the American Psychiatric Association and the World HealthOrganisation,arecurrentlybeingfinalised.Nevertheless,itisvery much to the authors’ credit that they have finessed this very skillfully by presenting issues, concepts, findings and clinical matters in a way that deals with the big issues without getting bogged down in the details. As withthetwopreviouseditions,thereisaveryskilfulintegrationofscience and clinical practice. The main target audience is certainly clinicians but researchers, too, will find that there is much to learn here on areas of researchthatareabitoutsideoftheirowninterest. The book is also very interesting to read. It is a bit like watching one of David Attenborough’s marvellous TV programmes – you never feel lecturedat,yourinterestisengagedthroughout,butinthecourseofthat engagement you actually learn a lot. Readers will not find here dogmatic assertions that are not supported by evidence. The suggested readings at theendofeachchapterprovideaneasywayforreaderstofindoutmore of the detail if they wish but the book already contains an immense amount. There is no better book for those who want an accessible in- troduction to child and adolescent psychiatry as a whole, or as a means of keeping up to date with relevant scientific understanding and clinical practice. ProfessorSirMichaelRutter HonoraryDirector MRCChildPsychiatryUnit,InstituteofPsychiatry ix P1:TIX/XYZ P2:ABC Color:1C JWST191-Pre JWST191-Goodman May24,2012 11:42 Trim:244mmX172mm Preface Aware that this is often our readers’ only book on the subject, we have aimed to get straight to the heart of child and adolescent psychiatry. Our goal has been to be brief, clear, practical, thoughtful, up-to-date, scientifically accurate, clinically sound, and relevant for examinations. We have been very encouraged by the exceptionally positive response to the first and second editions from trainees and senior colleagues from a variety of disciplines. We have renamed the book – it is now Child and AdolescentPsychiatryratherthanjustChildPsychiatry.Thepreviouseditions alsocoveredadolescentsaswellaschildren,butwehavestrengthenedthe adolescentcomponent,withnewchaptersonmania,schizophrenia,eating disorders and substance abuse. We have also thoroughly updated all the existingchapters. ThechaptersaregroupedintofourParts:Part1,anintroductorysection on assessment, classification and epidemiology; Part 2, a section covering each of the main specific disorders and presentations; Part 3, a section on the major risk factors predisposing to child and adolescent psychiatric disorders;and,finally,Part4,asectiononthemainmethodsoftreatment. Each chapter presents the key facts, concepts and growing points in the area,drawingonclinicalexperienceaswellasthelatestresearchfindings. It has been our good fortune to work alongside a diverse and talented groupofcliniciansandresearchersatoneoftheworld’sleadingcentresof child and adolescent psychiatry. We hope we have communicated some of the excitement of being at the ‘cutting edge’ of a discipline that is in- creasinglybenefitingfromadvancesinsubjectsasvariedasdevelopmental psychology, neurobiology, genetics, social anthropology, linguistics and ethology. As practising clinicians, we have also been keen to make this a bookaboutworkingwithchildrenandfamilies,aswellastheory.Because successfulpractitionersneedtomastertechniquesaswellasconcepts,we haveincludedplentyof‘howto’tipsonassessmentandtreatment. To make the book read as easily as possible, we have not interrupted the text with references. Instead, each chapter ends with suggestions for further reading, providing convenient entry points into the current liter- ature. In many instances, we recommend one or more chapters from the fiftheditionofRutteretal.’sChildandAdolescentPsychiatry–anoutstanding source of detailed information and further references. We also suggest a mixtureofrecentjournalarticlesandbooks. The book has been written with several groups of readers in mind. Trainees in psychiatry, paediatrics and general practice should find it xi
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