Chess : the mechanics of the mind

163 Pages·1989·2.093 MB·English

by  Pfleger Helmut, Treppner Gerd

TheM echanics
oft he
Mind
Thea verapglea yweirl olft enm akea fatmails take
ina gamea ndl oser,e signhiinmgs etloft hef act
thahte c annotth inlki kaeg randmas.Tt heirbso ok
wilals surhei mt hahte ,t ooc,a nt uneh ist binking
toa nu ltra-dfeignree -et hea biltiots yp otth e
righmto vei sn oti nnatietc, a nb el earne.d
Ches-sTh e Mechanoiftc hseM ind
providae ss et
ofg uidelifnoerts h ep layoefra veraagbei lwihtiyc h,
whenc ombinewdi trhe gulparra cticcaen,
dramaticiamlplryo vbea sicch estsh inkianngd
performancDer.a winogn e xamplferso mt het hree
phaseosft heg amei,t p inpoiknetyss ituations
wheret hea mateutrh'osu ghptr ocessaersei nferior
tot hosoef t hee xperienmcaesdt earn,d s eektso
helhpi mo vercomsep ecimfeinct abla rrierTsh.e
styloefm anyo ft hew orldl'esa dipnlga yeirss
analysieldl,u strtahtesi inggn ifiocfaa n scoeu nd
mentaslt rateagnydt, h eriesa ni n-depdtihs cussion
oft heo n-goiKnagr pov-Kaspcaornofvr ontation.
be
Botho rigiannadls timulattihnibgso, o kw ill an
importanatd dititooen v eryc hespsl ayelri'bsr ary.
ISBN1 -85223-127-0
9 7818522 31279

CHESS
ThMee chanoitfch Msei nd
HELMUT PFLEGER
GerdT reppner
TheC rowooPdr ess
Inc.
David& Charles
Firsptu blishienGd e nnan in1 98b7y F alken-VerlagGmbH.
627N2i edemhausen/Ts.
© Falken-Ver1l9a8g7
PublishienGd r eatB ritaiinn1 98b8y
TheC rowooPdr ess
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WiltshSiNr8e2 HE
Publishientd h eU niteSdt atoefsA merician 1 989
by David& CharleIsn .c. N orthP omfreVtt.0 5053
Englitsrha nsla©t iTohneC rowooPdr es1s9 88
Allr ighrtess erveNdo. parotf t hipsu blication may be
reproducoertd r ansmititnae ndy f ormo rb y anym eans.
electroonrmi ecc hanicianlc.l udpihnogt ocopreyc.o rdoirn g
anyi nformatsitoonr aagned r etriesvyaslt ewmi thout
permissiionnw ritifnorgm the publishers.
BritiLsihb raCrayt aloguiinnP gu blciatioDna ta
PflegeHre,l mut
Chesst:he mechaniocfst hem ind.
I.C hess
I.Ti tlIeI T.r epnperG,e rd
794.1
ISBNI 8522132 70
Englisthr anslabtyiJ oonh nL ittlewood
Photosbeyt A ndekL,o ndon
PrintiendG reatB ritabiyn
Billi&n Sgo nsL tdW.o rcester
Contents
Preface IV
I
TheM echanoifcC sh esTsh inking
2 Whent hBer aigno eosn S trike 27
3 TheRi ghtW ayt oL earannO pening 44
4 Signpoisntt hsMe i ddlegame 69
5 Who'Asf raoifdE ndings? 88
117
6 TheC haracatnedSr t yolfeK asparaonvdK arpov
Preface
Perhayposut oow,h enp layian pgr omisyienttgr iycp kosition,
havleo ngfeodtr h sek iolfal K sa sparYoov!uh avper obatbhleyn
gonoen t om esusp t hgea mer.e sigynoiunrgs teotl hffe a ctth aat
chemsass ter's itsoh nia nt koitynad gli lfferpelnatfn reo ymo urs.
Toa c erteaxitney notua rrei gbhutto ,nt hoet hhearn dam, a stiesr
notf robmi ratnhi ntellgeicatwnuhtao lst eh ougphrto ceasrsee s
beyotnhde gorfaa ls opw almya teTuhrep. l afianci tst hahteh as
tunehdit sh inktioan ngu ltrad-efgirneee , with daanidl y practil:e
traindionignt gh er est. saTmhaee p pltioea sn yo thehri ghly
speciafliiesolefdhd u maanc tivity.
A gredaeta hla as lrebaedeywn r ittenc haebtsohsuit in gnk,b ut
almoisntv ariwaibttlhhy se t rotnogu rnampelnatyo erbr u dding
masteirnm indW.e h avaei metdh ivso luamett haev eracghee ss
enthuswihaows etl comienss truwcittihoounun td udei dacticism.
Wew oulldi tkoep inpotihnrete asfoontrsh omsies teaswk hicdho
nostp rifnrgo lma cokfc heusnsd erstabnudrtia ntghf errob ma sic
flawsin o urt hougphrto ce-sflsaewstso w hicchh emsass tearrse
equaplrloyn Ien.a dditwieoi nn,tetnopd i coku ftr otmh teh ree
phasoefst hgea met hossei tuatwihoenrtseh aem ateur's chess
thinkiisin negfr itoort haotfa ne xperiemnacsetdoe rrw ,h erhee
hast oo vercosmpee cimfeinct baalr riAelrlts h.i issb aseodn
reseawrhcihcs he emtsoh avbee esno mewhnaetg leicntm eods t
bookosn t hseu bject, thdfeea scpttih taitetc learly trheev eals
mechanoifoc usr c hetshsi innkg.
Whiltshti ssm alvlo lumcea nncotl aitmobe am anuaolf
instrucwteih oonp,e tyhoauwt i ltla kfer omi ta nythtihnagt
provuesse ffuolyr o uorw nl evoefpl l a-yjusatsl onagsy oud on't
thegnoa ndb eaGtr andmasteri naPs fliemguelrt aenxehoiubsi tion
andh avteh en ervteo c ommen'tI:wt o ulnde vehra vbee en
possiibfyl oeuh adtnw 'ritttheinbs o o.k ..'
IV
1
TheM echaniocfsC hess
Thinking
Doy oub eliienvm ea giYco?u m usatd mitth aetv,e infy oua re
profousncdelpyt icatlh seao b-ocuatml algeidcp aolw eorfas s tage
magiciyaonui, n varieaxbpleyr iseonmcefe a scinwaittithoh ne
trihcekp se rfoThrem ss.a mcea nbe s aiadb outthw eo ndrofuesa ts
ofg recahte msass teorvset rh cee nturWieke sno.w v erwye ltlh at
suhc playearrsem ermeo rtaslosw ,e a rei ntencsuerliyo tuos
discohvoewtr h emya nagteop roduceb etwhielidrbe rriilnlgi ancies.
TheD utcphs ycholAodgriisdaten,G root, haip mlsaeyoleffr
mastsetrr enwgatsth h,fe i rtsoct o nduacnet x peritmoet netts hte
workionfgt shc eh emsisn dH.er ecenrtelpye attheeidxs p eriment,
usinggra ndmasterso fHA udnograjraSynh, o rotfE nglaanndd
PflegoefrW esGte rmanayl,o nwgi tahn umbero fa veracgleu b
plaeyrsT.h eywe rael lowteold o oakt g ivepno sitfioofrni sv e
�\
seconodnsl ayf,t wehri cthh ehya dt or econstthrpeuo csti taiso n
bestth ecyo ld
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Thiissc leaar tlyyp igcaamlep ositCihoens.js o urnaalnids t
computeexrp eFrrte deFrriice gdievlte hsfe o llowpirnegd icted
resu'lItyfso :uc annsoetut p m orteh afno uorrf ivpei ecyeosua, r e
probya bbelag inneArn.e xperiecnhceepsdls a ysehro ubleda ble
THEM ECHAI"ICOSF C HESST HINKING
toa chieve tsoe veeinpgtehycrt e yna tc curwahciyla,sg rta ndmaster
wilcle rtanionotln ylr ye prodtuhcceeo rrect pbouwtsi iltalil osno
havtei mteon otteh mea tien f ivmeo ves by:
1We5+ �8
I
2 0.e7+ 1;f8
3 ti:Jg6+ <itg8
4 1Wf8+! llxf8
5 0.e7m ate
NigeSlh oratc tuahlalday boiftf unb yp lacitnhgew hite
queeno nc 5r,e adtyoc ountaenryc ritibcyip somi ntoiunttg h at
heh adg ivetnhk e eym oveo ft hseo lution!
Tor eomvep ossidbolueb atbso utth ree liaboiftl hitete yst th,e
candidwaetreaess ketdow easrp ecial tghlawatos usleds record
theeiyrme o vemenAtgsa.it nh,e wraesa c leraers uTlhtem. a sters
immediatelyt hdeiairtret cetnettdoit ohrnel e evasnetc toofrt hse
boarwdh erteh aec tiwoansw ,h eretahsae m atetuernsd teogd a ze
indiscrimailonlva ettreh lbeyo ard.
'Anwdh adto easl tlh aptr ovmea?n'y o fy ouw ilnlo wa s.kB e
patietnhtee;x peridmiendno tts totph erTeh.e y wereg ivneonw
ani dioptoisci twiiotnph,i eces sacatrt atnedroebmde, a rinnog
relattiooa nn yn ormagla mes et-Tuhpe.p erformoafnt chee
amatewuarsjs u satsb ada sb efobruett, h ewye rneo wj oinbeyd
the masTtheirisss t! h er eaplo intto:pp layearnsdo rdinary
humanasr bey n om eanwso rladpsa rOtfc. o urjsuesa,ts i no ther
fieldtsh,e irste h ter ue gwehnoie ucislp sheiscs o lleabguuhtee is s,
morteh abna lanbcyet dh ose polfao ynelaryvs e raignet elligence
whoh appetnoe xcaetlc he-stsh osree fertrobe ydK orchnoi's
companPieotndr eaL eeuwears'i ikd iwohtocs a pnl acyh ess'Jhe
incredsipbelcei aloifsca hteimsoasns teirsps r imadruiel!_ydo � ly
pratcicsey,s temparteipca ratiroeng uatlnoadur r nampelnaItyn .
'Sit-uatiotnhsae m wahteecruaern nsoette h weo ofdo trh ter etehse.
mastfeirn hdisws a ya bouatse asialsay p rimaotfte h e fobruets t,
youh avoen ltyo contfhrmeoa nstt era wnui ntfha mi'leinavri ron­
mentt'or ealtihsseeh ortcomoifhn igpssr ofesssuepde riority!
Whati si tt hetnh amta ketsh mea stseors troonngh ihso me
grounThde? c oncluosfti hoeenx periimsce lnetaa g ri:v peons ition
muscto ntarienf erpeonicneat nsds pecicfilcu� es�dyp arotf
the cmhaesstsev ra'ssstt oorfke nowledge,lwehahidic mhi nstantly
etxoap rearpiidmdeeid -cniittos.alSi pC-;cuoo-'cns hi tiiwnohdniiscwc,hea ntrcooerttr e osba ewtf wieoetdunrh noei ld n to hgei c
2
THE MECHANICSO F CHESST HINKING
whatso-e-vTe!Jr brancikt nodg i agraImf. or e xampal em.as tweoru ld
,cc Whitef'isa ntcthoeekdni g'pso sitaisao w nh olaes.t houigth
\\ea griea pnti ecweo.u lidm meidaltyen otteh ue �us��I-sltWilfi3n
ofB lakcnikga' nsdt huen connebcltaercdok o kasn.da utomatically
rL·ganiycs htceekirpn ogs sib._i_A.hl ttlih t>iw so ulbded onien stinc­
tivaenldyw iii1n-oe ff.oH rotw�ve-t�h.me a idni fferbeentcweea enn
averapglea yaenrda m astreers iidnte hswe a yt hevyi etwh pei e.c es
Ase aralsy1 893A,l frBeidn eitn.v enotfov ra rioiunst elligence
'
tesdtisrd,e seaorntc hhia ssp eAcltt.h otuhgmehe thodoolfho igsy
experimheanstb se enc rtiicistehdea. c turaels uhlatvsbe e en
confirm.He ed identitfhiete wdog rouopfsp layaesrfs o llows:
_teginnveiresw tehdeb o aradn dp iecpehso tographsieceailnlgy ,
altlh bel acakn dw hitseq uaarnesdt hseh apaen dc oloouLtr'i eiY
piecweh.e retash eex perieenyceoe ftd h em astwears f reoefa ll
sucehn cumbre.aF nocri nsta(nacTsea rraosncchse t eadt)t,h e
mastdeore hso ts ee-l�ocourpeide ocfew oodw itahh orse's head
b�tr athtehrae b strpaocwteo rft hke nightc'osn torvoelcr e rtain
'squaraensdi tvsa l(uues uatlhlrpyea ew unn itisna gi) vesnit uation.
Beginnteerxbsto' o kasrm eo vinmogr aen dm orteo wartdhsue s e
ofa rroiwnds i agrtaomi sn dicoapttei ctahlrela yn agnedp oweorf
thep ie.cP �esrhapsi swt hhiyts h em astseoro ftedni scovers
dynamriecs ouricnae pso sitoiroa nc hietvheas't o ..J2�icmoa­l
ordinaotfit ohnpe i eceasc'�>.n cespodt i ffictuoul ntd erstand,
whiltshtbe e girni nsie nicnletdo r eloyns tatfieca tusruecash s
materpiaawlsn,t crtuuraen,ds oo nW.e s harlelt utrotn h is point
latOefrc .o urtshee,as rete h oep poseixtter eomfe sc hess thinking
and many chess bpeltawyeeterhnse stefw aol lp oles, but
neverthtehlaeeb sislt iost eye beyosnttdai mcta,het er iaaslp eocft
ap ieacneda ppreciitiasnt nea ptoew eirsa ni mportmaenats uorfe
a mastepro'tse ntial.
.R eturntiont gh e' referpeonicnewt esm 'e ntioenaerdl wiee r,
musstt retshsai tti sn ojtu satv asstt oorfep ieccoen figurations
thacth esmsa stecrasnc alulp onb,u ta lsao r angoefs atndard
combinatsieoqnuaeln cseusc,ha st he' smothemraetdewe'
witnesisnde ida grIaM.mo sstt otcakc tliicnalelis tk hei asrs ee en
almoisnts tantanbeyto husmela ys twehro t hehna st os penad
litttilmece h eicnktgh fie nedre taiinlo st;h ewro rdtsh,ge e neral
ideaarsae l retahdeyar neda rsee atg aitnhssetp ecpiefciucl iarities
ofa g ivepno sition.
So,a sr egartdhsi nkpionwge irt,i sn ot( as Gdreo orti ghtly
3