Chess Middlegame Combinations

198 Pages·1991·4.183 MB·English

by  Peter Romanovsky

CHESS
CHESS
MIDDLEGAME
COMBINATIONS
by
Peter
Romanovsky
Translaftreodmt heR ussibayn
JimmAyd ams
AMERICAN CHESS PROMOTIONS
MaconG,e ogriaU,. S.A.
FirsEtn glilsahn guaegdei ti1o9n9 1
© Copyrig1h9t9 1A.m ericaCnh esPsr omotioAnlslR. i ghtRse served.
ISBN0 -939298-95-3
AmericaCnh esPsr omotions
3055G eneraLle eR oad
MaconG,e orgi3a1 204
Covedre sigbnyR onW atson
Contents
TranslaPtroerf'asc e 4
ChaptOenre W:h ati sC oam bination? 5
ChaptTewro :C ombinatiEolneamle nMtost i-vaensd Themes. 8
ChaptTehrr eAee:s tthiecosfC ombinatiGoennse.r Iadle as. 13
ChapteFro urI:de asa ndT echniqiuneC ombinations
witthh e" Smotherkeidn g". 17
ChapteFri veM:o rea bouate sthetics.
Aboutt heP seduo-Sacrifice.
TheS acrioffia cQ eu een. 23
Chapter ASbioxu:tt heT heoroyf C ombinations.
TypicIadle as 35
ChapteSre venH:i stoorfyC ombinations.
TheI mmortaGla me.
Masterpioeftc heees n do ft he1 9tche ntury. 52
ChaptEeirg hDto:u blAet tacPka.w nA ttacks. 75
Chapt'eNri neP:o sitioWneaalk ness-eMso tivoef a
CombinatiCoonm.b inatipornosv okbeyd
weaknesisnet sh ec astlpeods ition.
Sacircioeff a b ishfooptr h eg 3,h 3,g 6,h 6p awns. 97
ChapteTre n:T hec ombinatiaotntaalco kft het wob ishops.
Harmonoyf t her ookosn thes econadn ds eventh
rankTsh.e s acrioffti hcere o ookn g 7. 116
ChapteErl even: Haorfmr oonoyk asn db ishops.
Thet hemoef l ockedp-iienc es. 143
ChapteTrw elveM:e thodosf I ntercepatnidov na rious
combinatiiodneaals . 160
ChapteTrh irteAebno:u tt het hinkionfga chessplayer
duritnhgeg ame. 169
3
TranslatorP'rse face
The prebsoeonkta, t ranslaotfti hoeRn u ssioarni gionfa1 l9 63f,o rmtsh e
seconpda rotf P eteRro manovskcyl'ass swiocr ko n them iddelgame.
MiddlegaCmoem binatiloinksie,t sc ompanivoonl umeMi,d dlegame
Planinngi,sw rittweint ah viteowh elpitnhger eadaecrq uiar ep ractical
understaonfdm iindgd legtaemceh niqaunedas n a ppreciaotfti hoebn e auty
anda estheotfic chse ss.
Thouglhi ttle-kinnto hwen WeRsotm,a novswkayso neo ft he game's
independaenndot r igitnhailn kewrhsog, a ingerde arte speicntt h eS oviet
Unioans a p layewrri,t aenrde nthiuassttieca choeftr h ea ratn ds cienocfe
chess.
Throughotuhteb ooko nei ss trubcykt heh armonoyf t hea uthor's
thoughtthse:n aturlailn okf c heshsi stowriyt ht hep resednaty t,h e
intre-relaotfip oons itional weaankdcn oemsbsiensa timoontailv etsh,e
co-operaotfit ohnep iecienst hec arryionugto ft actiocpaelr ations,
balancaendd o rganitsheidn kipnrgo cesses.
Theh istoorfty h ivse riym protawnotr iks i nteresTthiefn igr.es dti tiao n,
singvloel umTeh,e M iddlegaCmoem.b inatainodnP sl anniinnCg h eswsa,s
publishiend1 929T.e ny earlsa teRro,m anovswkaysa lreapdrye parai ng
seconedd itibountW, a rb rokoeu ta ndt her evismeadn uscrpieprti sihne d
thes iegoef L eningrad.
Mucht imea nde nergwya sr equirfeodrR omanovstkoyr estohries
creatiBountt. h iwsa sn ota ne astya sk eavnedan c asucaolm pariosfto hne
firesdti tiwointt hh ep resewnotr iks e nougthoc onvintcheer eadtehra wte
haveh erei,n i tcso mpositeilocuni,d atioofnt hemeasn di llustrative
materiaanl e,n tirneelwya ndo rigipniaelc oef r esearch.
Afetrs tudyiRnogm anovstkhye,r eadsehro ulnde vemra kea move
withoguoto dr easo-na p ositipolnaaonlr a combinatiiodnea-ale ver
again!
JimmyA dams
London1 990
ChapteOrn e
Whati sa Combination?
It nioswm oer thatnih rtyyes a r nessients h beo okn eiasra llyw ays
sintchefe ri setd itoifMo ni ddlei­nterlacedc obmiwniatthi onal
gamwea sp ublisFhore ds.tt hoer ­motivaensd,p o isotniatle nsion
myt mieso fd evelopomfce hnets sw itahni cnreaisnce o mbinational
thoug-htth isa liosn g perciroids.e s.
Duritnhgit si me aqf ueiwnt eew Now fae ww ordasbo utte r.m s
striatceaglt aacntdii dceaialnts h e Many tohfe wshei cthh er eader
chessst rughgalveeb eenc on­ runasc roisnMs i dedglamCeo mbi­
ceivTehde.rh ea bse eand eepenn­aticoonubsle da pplwiihets dy ste­
ingo fp osiotniauln dersitnagn.d matbiecn eafliwstho e inn vestigat­
Ther ichsehsotoa tpsp eairnte hde inpgl annpeoidsit onmaetlh oodfs
polughefeidl do fc hestsho er,y plaAys.i nM iddlegCaommeb ina­
whicihnm anpyl caewsa sc omp­tionMs i,d dglaemeP lannliin­g
leterlewynee d. kewihsaeis st m otiviedsea,an sd
Inp reseMn tiidendggla mCeo m­ them.e s
binattioto hnrese eardt,h aeut hor Inc hecsicsrl tehse srteei xlilas ts
stritvoem se tdhiocaulnleya rtdhi voinos fic hesyseprilsna tpoos i­
combinaftrioopmn osis otnist,o tioannacdlo mbina-taicocnoarld ­
redutchee tmo p ureflroym aflae ­ intgo t hesitryo lfpe l aEya.c ohf
tur.Fe rsotmh vee yrb eginonfi ngt hese"a lbelsa"t tachteod
thbeo oikti se astyos enasv ee yr chesasypse mlrusotffe ndm osotf
shpa rrapcphreonmte,a lmoas t alaln df irasntd f roemotshte
mergiinngta so i gnlweh oloeft he chessphliasmyefel,sr ic net hetye ­
eelmenotfps os tiioanna·dloc mbi­stiofyn ltyot hoer gannaitceuo rf
natiopnlaalCy o.m bionnasta rie hicsh easbs ility and thinking.
presetnot edtr heea dneorto nly Onec anncoatr oruyat n dp re­
anedv epno isbsnloyst o m ucahsa paer cao mbinwaitthioount under­
methoofod p eiroa,nbt umto stalsy standtihnelg a wosf p oisitonal
as iigifncacnerta tpihveen omenowne aknesspelsna inannogdf t he
whicihn eviatcacbolmyp ainti,e gsa meo,n ea lscoa nncoatrry o ut
i.aes.a natucroasulero fe ventsc eraitvpel awnitsh outta kgi unp
and ansaoc th an"cheo cucsu-sp"o.c ombiinoantwaela p,o wnishtout
Theu niotfty h ceer atpirvoec iess sp ossessingo nka enedtn h ev isi
emphasbiyst ehade u thiontr h at abiylt iort ceognciosbmei national
thea nalyosfpi ossi otniawle ak-motives.
5
ChesMsid dlegamCeo mbinations
Sucghr emaats sto efcr heassWs . Yous e,ec hetsesmr inooglyh as
SteiEnmi.Ltaz se,kr M,.C higionr, comfer ogme neraaclcleypc toend­
J.Z ukoerr,ttA .R ubiinsnt,e Ac.e spa tnjddu gmeentTsh.ua sp awn
Aleknhea ind moatnehyr( so uotf icsa eld"l backwwahredin"it s ac­
Sovicehtep slsa syw eern ameM . tualletlbf ye hi,in .dieit.s behind
Bovtin,nM i.kT alV,. S mysvl,Bo . pawnosf t hes amceo loaunrd,
Spas,si knydetehde arreme a noyf "passetdh"e arirefne o te nemy
themw)eer b yn om eanssue idft or pawnonst hleo cfiaellsp ,r eventing
thel abmealkr edp oisitonaolr itasda vnec. The" bltoecrekm"asd,
comibnantailo. "aatct"k," ceen"t",rlf akn"",b low"
Neevrtheslteyaslnsesd c hoionl ando tehress sendtiieffaril nln yo
cheasrswt h oleheaerxtisaes ndtdl yw ayf rotmh ceo nctehpatit fsx i ed
cannboutt e xsitH.e aetda rgu­fotrh eimnt hvee yrl eia fnhdi osrty
menatnsdd si cusstiaokpnels ao cne ofe verydlaagynu a.g Tehet erm
priinpcacler atiqvuee stiionn s" coimnbiaotn"c anh ardlbye
ordteorc reaat ger ouopfl ike­lookuepdoa nsa ne xcepttoti hoins
midnepd esrnos. nataulrs,t daandr origoifcn h ess
In gtahme,ce hesseprdlsia syplatye r.m s
manyt rsa oifth umacnh aracteTrh.e w orcd ombinactoimoens
Chepslsearysc anp lya caruelfly,f romt heL ati"ncm obinoa"t,i
riislkys,h palryb,o llyd,e xper­whicshta nfdoasrd eifneic tobmi­
imeanltltye,m peralmlecynu,tn an­naotnio fc hacrtaerifasetteui,src
inlgyd,r i,pl ryudleyna,tc ctuerlay,c ricumsetsaw,nh cicahlo lwsu st o
inegniouesctl,ey t,cb ,u tto p lay looaktc ombign sitnrtuucraesas
poistionoarcl olmyib natioinsa lsligynl weh o.l e
nopto ss,is biclnebe otthh ese elIet­ ceirsit naa rreamnegnotfp ie­
menstc omien ttoh per actoifc ec easn dp awnwsh icohp entsh e
che,ws es eraewpti,ht uani ifcatiopno sislyifi botorn e tohofep ponents
intaos ignlceer atipvreos cseT.o to froicblayn dc ompaatrively
remoavneoy f t heeselem enftrso m quicekxlpyl ao ciotm ibnattioo n
thpirso cmeesasnd sea cpiitnaigstt hiasd vagne.tI anc hetshse erxseit s
mositmp ortaanndmt a icner ativeac oncceapeltdvl aria,w thiiocnh is
part. a chaoifnm ovelso giclaiklneldy
Allc hessps liamyaegripneer ­togetbhyae sri gnlpel aInt.i sa
fcetwleyl hlai vncgo mibnantsii no certacionm binatairorna­anlg e
thceh esstsrg ul,geb uwth etnh e menotfc hefsorsc eosnt hbeo da r
mattera sat roti hsdeee isfn ointo if whicmha kepsos sitbhlceea yrnirg
ac ombinatthietonhn e urseu allqyu otfa f orcevda riioa,nl teadtion g
devleoapg ser adte aolff riuetslasn d thea chieveomfae nn teo cbtjive
perhaepvse ng orundlaersgsu ­anidn deteoad na dvanftoatrgh ee
ment. inaittoiorrt hei nstiogfat thoer
6
ChesMsid dlegamCeo mbinations
givevna riinoa.t matergiaailmn a,it ngt heo ppo­
Histolrlicya,h owevetrh,e nensto,m eetsip mepertucahlce k,
mattteurr onsu ts ucthh at tshteea mltaee,t )c .
conce"pcto mbinabteigoitnno"s Theb rocaodn coefpa tc obmi­
relnaotte otnoal c yo mbinatinoantailo wnh,i cahd herteost he
arraengmenotfp icee-sf rowmh ich calssoifcc sh e,sm sightb ee xpe­
thceo ncaerpsot,eb utto t hvee yr resbsyet dh feol olwisnigm pdleief­
procoefts hsce o suero ft hfero cingn itiAo cno.m ibnatiisaof nro ced
variatIinosnt.eo afed x plionigt variabtyim oena nosfw hicthh e
combina(tipieocnaesns dp awns)i ntiiaotfio atrc hieasv eeatsi mI.t
iti sa mattoefrc arryinogu t woulsde etmh atth ed eifntiion
combina-tii.ofeno.sir ncvga riaa­pploineltsyo d ynamciocm bina­
toin,sc omionugt t ohcfeo mbinat­oins( htem aipna rotf t hme).
tioncahlaac rteriosftc iecrst aiTnh ihso,w eviensro ,st o s,ni cteh e
poisitonCso.m biinoanatsrt er ansv­eyr conceofpa tp oisbslceob mi­
formferdo ams tattoia dc y namicn aticoonm eosu to ft hes tatic
conecptL.e tu sj oitnh estew o evaluaotfia ogni vepnos ition,
conceipnttoson .eT his guisv ewsh eer charraicstatenicdfase t ures
thpeo ssibialsi taiylna,s n ooy t herg invgii atc ombiinoanctahla racter
chepsrso scseo,fm akgia nni nde­arei ncluded.
pendeinntv estiogfsa ttaaitnoidnc Centuriecso-moiblnda tional
dynamciocm binations. prtaichcaeas ll owetdhd ei csovye r
Iti sp eferctcllye ari nta hnayt oft enasn dh undroefcd osm bina­
foirnccgo suero ft he gslt,eir u.ge.t ionfaeatlu rienps o sitTohness.e
upotnh cea rryoiuontfg a f orcingo petnh wea yt oa s utdoyf p heno­
variatthieoirnsea ni niiattoorr , medr.a,c hacrtaerfiostrth iceco m­
thaotft hoep ponewnhtoms a kes binoantasilrt uggl,ew hicuhs ually
thfei rmsotv oef a combinatiaottne,ni dtT .h ep rinccihpatapelor fs
calciunltgah taec hieveomfae nn tt hbeo ok daerveo ttoea sd t uodfy
obejctiwvhei cbhr gisnh ima n thepshee neonma.
advan(tmiapgorev gih nipso sint,i o
7
ChapteTrw o
CombinatioEnlaelm ent..s M otivesa ndT hemes
Combinoantsi displvaayr iouNsxe 42 0Q xef45! a ndo nltyh en
degroefde isiff cyui lntt hieerx ecu­exchgaeon nc 3,w hicwho ulgdi ve
tiotnh:e y bcesa hno, sr mitplaen d himt hep oisbsiy loifts taunch
obvi,ol ugosilclaayr iinsfgr otmh e deefnce.H oweverT,a rrasch
palnnepdr ocoefst sh es trgulge.p alyeadto nc1e9 Rxc,3n ot
•••
Thecya ansl ob ev eyrc omplicatseede,i ngo tahnewyar y f oWr hiet
manym oevs,w ithb racnhing beseisd2 0b xc.3 ButP iblulyrs
varoina,sts iuprrigsm ionvewsh ich suprrigsliryne lpie2d0N xf6 +.I n
ardei iffcutlot calacnuedls actaep ­hicso mmeanratytt hpioisn Tta,r ­
ineg veinn egnioiumsa ginatiroansg.ca hv Pei blulyrs'm so vaeq ues­
Noto nliynt hper ocoefps lsa y tiomna kr,j suta sa lshoi s next
istefl,b uetv einna nyaslicso,mi b­ move( 20. .B.x6 f)H.e r emc­o
natiodneacilio snastt imeessc apem endteadk itnhkgen igwhittt hh e
thaet tenotfvi eoyrs nto rnga utho­pawn,2 0. .g.x6 f,m aintaining
rities. thaitnt hicsa sBeal cwko ulwdi n
We givaen e xampolfse u ch thgea m.eA sp rooafm,o ngostth er
mistakaennas liysI.nt heg ame lnie,s aTr rcahps r ovitdheiadsn a­
PillsburyT arrahs,cf rotmh ien ­ lytivcaarli a2ti0.o .ng:.x6 f 21
..
tearitnontaolu rnamaetnN til rn­ Qg4+ Kf8( ont2 1. .K.h8 i nv iew
begr 1986,t hfeol olwinpgoi sotni of2 2Q e)4 22Q hSB a4w ith
wasr eachaefdt Wehri te1't9sh advanttoaB glea cHko.w evTea rr ­
moveR xc(3nk ight) rasdcihnd o nto titcheaa tf t2e1r
Qg4+ Kf82 2B h7h ei msa te(d2 2
..B.d6 2 3B x6f)T.h uPsil lsbury's
mov2e0 N xf6+!t uronustt o b e
thbee ginonfai nne gx celcloemn­t
bina,tb iuootnn e whwiacsnh o t
notibcyeT da rrcahes ih teirn t he
gamoer i ns ubseqauneaniltsy .s
Andh eries ancosatehw,eh re re
thweo rclhda mpdiiondno nto tice
a simplceo mbaitonin. The
daigrafmae teusra positiaofnt,e r
Blaschko unlodwc onti1n9.u e. .t he2 5ht mov,ef rotmh eg ame
8
ChesMsid dlegamCeo mbinations
AlekhEiunwee i.. n t heriert urn combinatmiootniav(lhet e leit
matcfohtr h weo rclhda mpipo,n shmiotiif)st heu ndefenBdleadc k
1397. queeonn eA5ss. o oansE uwdee ­
fendheidbss i ho,tp hmiost idvies ­
appeaarnedtd h ceo mibnatbieo­n
camei mpsoisblOf ec.o suert he
posiotfti hoWenh ietk nigohnt g5
aslop alyeidot w nr olaseas upple­
mentyam oritv,ea sd itdh qeu een.
Botthh epsiceee osc cupaitetda ck­
inpgo siitoncsol sbey t her ather
expopsoeisdt iooftn h Bel akcikn g.
Theu ndefepneidc,eea dss hown
bya na naloyfns uimse rcooumsib ­
Thefrloeol we2d6 B b,2w herbeya s natiopnrcaoels siesos n,eo ft he
meanosft hse impcloem biinoant importmaontti vwehsi,cs ht imu­
26Q h8+ Kxh8 27N xf7+ and latteh ea ppearoafnc coem bina­
28N xe5W hiet woulhda voeb ­ toin.sT heb asoifts h miost icvoen ­
tainaened a swiilnyn einndgag me. sisso tft he opoefan p ionisgbs iitly
Alsoo nt hfeol lowmionvget h e fotrh ien aittooifr ctohmeib nation
oppondeinndto snt o titcheci osm ­ toc rar'youadt o ubaltcetk ,ae ihter
bniaticoonn,t in2u6.i .Bnc.g?6 2 7 ont wuon defepnideeocdreo sna n
a3?O nlnyo ,wb yd eefnditnhge undefepneidcewedi ht sai multa­
quebeyn .2.7B .d,6 d iEdu wper e­neocuhse tcokt hkei ng.
ventth teh erat. Percistehmliiygs h atsl oh avoec ­
Theseex amp-loefws h icwhe curreidnt hmeo mewnetl ookaetd
coulgdi vmea nmyo r,ew ep resenatb ovfer otmh gea m,eA lekhine­
mainilnoy r dteord raawt toenn tiEuw,e aft2e6rQ hS+ KxhS2 7
tot hei mportaonfcc eo mbinaN­xf7+.
tioflnaailir .,ce ae.rf autl tenttoi onT heh itsoyor fc heksnso wmsa ny
thofsaeet eusr tohpfeo soinot nit he combiinoanotsn thet hemoef
boawrhdi cihn ciidteeaa nsid m agi­doubaltect k;at hitsh emiesa s lo
natiiontn h see arfcochro mbinaw­ideelnyc ouendt eatryo.d
tions. Herew e comec losteoy et
Thefa etuorfep soi sotni,sw hich anothcoenrec p,te ssteinfaolar n
arceh aacrterbiycs eerdtc aoibmni ­ invesotnio gft ahcteoi mibnational
naticoonnaidlot nisi,it ms o scto n­ proc,ew shsicwhec haracatse rise
veniteocn attl hlme o tiovfce osm ­ thteh emoefa c ombiino.an t
binoantsiI.n t hec ombiinoant, If tmhoet icvaenb ec allead
whicfhia letdot akpelc aei nt he stimufloaru c so mbin,at thieonn
gameA lekeh-iuEnw,e them ain thteh emoefa c omibnatiisio tns
9