Chen Yun and the Chinese Political System PDF
Preview Chen Yun and the Chinese Political System
29 RESEARCH ~ INSTITUTE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES ccs UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES I ·. Chen Yun and the . , 1 Chinese Political ,•., r •·' System ... / /':" David M. Bachman INSTITUTE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY The Institute of East Asian Studies was established at the University of California, Berkeley, in the fall of 1978 to promote research and teaching on the cultures and societies of China, Japan, and Korea. It amalgamates the following research and instruc tional centers and programs: Center for Chinese Studies, Center for Japanese Studies, Center for Korean Studies, Group in Asian Studies, and the East Asian National Resource Center, funded by the Department of Education. INSTITUTE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES Director: Robert A. Scalapino Associate Director: John C. Jamieson Assistant Director: Ernest J. Notar Executive Committee: Joyce K. Kallgren Herbert P. Phillips John C. Jamieson Irwin Scheiner Michael C. Rogers Chalmers Johnson Robert Bellah Frederic Wakeman, Jr. CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES Chair: Joyce K. Kallgren CENTER FOR JAPANESE STUDIES Chair: Irwin Scheiner CENTER FOR KOREAN STUDIES Chair: Michael C. Rogers GROUP IN ASIAN STUDIES Chair: Lowell Dittmer EAST ASIAN NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER Chair: John C. Jamieson Cover design by Wolfgang Lederer Art by Sei-Kwan Sohn Cover colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Chen Yun and the Chinese Political System A publication of the Institute of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley, California 94720 The China Research Monograph series is one of several publications series sponsored by the Institute of East Asian Studies in conjunction with its three constituent units-the Center for Chinese Studies, the Center for Japanese Studies, and the Center for Korean Studies. The others include the Korea Research Monograph series, the Japan Research Monograph series, and the Research Papers and Policy Studies series. The Institute sponsors also a Faculty Reprint series. Correspondence may be sent to: Ms. Joanne Sandstrom, Editor Institute of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley, California 94 720 29 CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPH cJt INSTITUTE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES ccs UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES Chen Yun and the Chinese Political System David M. Bachman Although the Institute of East Asian Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of manuscripts in this series, responsibility for the opinions expressed and for the accuracy of statements rests with their authors. Copyright © 1985 by the Regents of the University of California ISBN 0-912966-80-7 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 85-80729 Printed in the United States of America Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... vii Introduction ............................................................................................... viii I. Chen Yun, 1905-1949 ............................................................................. 1 II. Chen Yun, 1949-1984 ......................................................................... 27 III. The Economic Thought of Chen Yun ................................................. 93 IV. Chen Yun and Chinese Politics ......................................................... 109 V. Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping, and Zhao Ziyang on China's Economic Future ............................................................... 149 Appendix ................................................................................................... 165 David M. Bachman is Assistant Professor of Politics at Princeton University. He received his B.A. from Swarthmore College in 1975 and the M.A. (1977) and Ph.D. (1984) from Stanford University. He has been a Post-doctoral Fellow at the Center for Chinese Studies, Univer sity of California, Berkeley, and acting Assistant Professor of Political Science and Research Fellow of the Northeast Asia-United States Forum on International Policy at Stanford University. Acknowledgments Many individuals have contributed to the development of this monograph. First, I would like to thank Lowell Dittmer and Joyce Kallgren, chairpersons of the Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, Berkeley, for encouraging me to turn my writings on Chen Yun into a Center monograph. Some of the research for this monograph was undertaken at the Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, Berkeley and the East Asian Institute of Columbia University, two extremely congenial places to work. Encouragement, support, and useful comments on earlier drafts of this work were provided by Nina Halpern, Carol Lee Hamrin, Nicholas Lardy, Barry Naughton, and Andrew Walder. Many thanks to all of them. A number of Chinese friends greatly contributed to my understanding of Chen Yun. Kenneth Lieberthal, Harry Harding, and Ann Fenwick improved this monograph in ways too numerous to mention. Without their help, this work would never have made it to publication. One other person must be acknowledged; that is, of course, Chen Yun. Introduction Thirty-one years of practice has proved that Comrade Chen Yun's opinions are in conformity with China's national conditions. If we act according to his opinions, we can do our economic work well. In the past, we sometimes put his opinions aside and even acted contrary to them and suffered a great deal.1 Chen Yun is one of the giants of the Chinese Communist movement. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1931 to the present, a length of time unmatched by any other Party member. His more than forty years on the Politburo has been exceeded only by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De. From 1954 to 1962, Chen was the fifth-ranking member of the Party, and one of Mao's "close comrades in arms." Since the landmark Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in December 1978, Chen's prestige and influence has been second only to Deng Xiaoping's. 2 Since the People's Republic of China (PRC) was established in 1949, Chen Yun's career has been inextricably connected with economic affairs. Until the Great Leap Forward in 1958, he was China's economic czar. Chen was also the first top leader to champion economic reform in China. His calls in the mid-l 950s to move away from both the Soviet model of economic development and the then nascent Maoist model of development have been highly influential even in recent years, when they 1 Deng Liqun, "Seriously Study Chen Yun's Economic Theories," in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, China [hereafter FBIS], July 27, 1981, K-15. 2 On Chen's rank from 1954-1962, see American Consulate-General, Hong Kong, Current Background, No. 290 (September 5, 1954), p. 24, where Chen is listed, along with Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De as Mao's close comrade in arms. The First Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee in September 1956 formalized this ranking. See Documents of the Eighth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, September 1956 to April 1969, Vol. 1 (Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1971), pp. 103-104. After 1962, Chen lost power, but he did not formally lose his number 5 spot until 1966. On Chen's prestige today, see Fox Butterfield, China: Alive in the Bitter Sea (New York: Times Books, 1982), p. 219.
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