Chemistry without borders : careers, research, and entrepreneurship

165 Pages·2016·3.331 MB·English

by  Cheng, H. N

Chemistry without Borders:
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Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
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Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
1219
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
Chemistry without Borders:
Careers, Research, and
Entrepreneurship
1
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w H. N. Cheng, Editor
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21 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
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6- New Orleans, Louisiana
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1/b Agnes M. Rimando, Editor
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1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
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1 Bradley D. Miller, Editor
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AmericanChemicalSociety,Washington,DC
DistributedinprintbyOxfordUniversityPress
Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Cheng,H.N.,editor.|AmericanChemicalSociety.Committeeon
InternationalActivities.
Title:Chemistrywithoutborders:careers,research,andentrepreneurship/
H.N.Cheng,editor,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,AgriculturalResearch
Service,NewOrleans,Louisiana[andthreeothers];sponsoredbytheACS
01 CommitteeonInternationalActivities.
0
w Description:Washington,DC:AmericanChemicalSociety,[2016]|Series:ACS
9.f symposiumseries;1219|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1
12 Identifiers:LCCN2016029726(print)|LCCN2016030013(ebook)|ISBN
16- 9780841231290|ISBN9780841231283()
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2 Subjects:LCSH:Chemistry--Research--Internationalcooperation.|
bk- Chemists--Vocationalguidance.
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st ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmericanNational
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Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to provide a
mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of
the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books developed from the ACS
sponsoredsymposiabasedoncurrentscientificresearch. Occasionally,booksare
1 developed from symposia sponsored by other organizations when the topic is of
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12 Beforeagreeingtopublishabook,theproposedtableofcontentsisreviewed
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1 forappropriateandcomprehensivecoverageandforinteresttotheaudience. Some
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1/ comprehensiveness. When appropriate, overview or introductory chapters are
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10 added. Draftsofchaptersarepeer-reviewedpriortofinalacceptanceorrejection,
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1 andmanuscriptsarepreparedincamera-readyformat.
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6 | As a rule, only original research papers and original review papers are
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Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
Preface
This book is based on two symposia—one held at the 2015 ACS Spring
NationalMeetinginDenverandoneheldatthe2015ACSFallNationalMeeting
inBoston. ThesesymposiaarepartofthePresidential-sponsoredorrecommended
symposia series related to ACS International Activities. Both symposia share a
2 commontheme-“ChemistrywithoutBorders.”Thetwosymposiawere: 1)“The
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pr TransnationalPracticeofChemistryandAlliedSciencesandEngineering: Study,
19. Research and Careers without Borders” (Denver symposium); 2) “International
2
6-1 Entrepreneurship: HowtoStartaBusinessandThriveintheGlobalMarketplace”
1
0 (Bostonsymposium).
2
bk- Atotalof19chaptersareincludedinthisbookwithcontributionsfrommost
21/ of the speakers from the two symposia. For convenience, this book is divided
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0.1 intotwosections: 1)TransnationalStudy,ResearchandCareers,2)International
1
oi: Entrepreneurship. Chapter1isanoverviewchapterthatsummarizesthecontents
6 | d of all the chapters and also provides a summary of many ongoing programs and
1 activities at ACS International Activities. An additional chapter on the Global
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7, Innovation Imperative forum held in Singapore in 2014 is included as a good
1
st exampleofinternationalcollaboration,education,andresearchefforts.
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ug This book is targeted for all scientists and engineers, particularly chemists,
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b): biochemists, chemical engineers, and others in chemistry-related professionals
e and students. Because the emphasis of this book is on internationalization and
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e ( globalization, anyoneinterestedintheglobalaspectsofthechemistryenterprise
Dat will find the book useful. The topics include future chemistry curriculum,
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cati opportunities, study-abroad programs, and international research collaborations.
bli
Pu In addition, many of the resources available at the ACS given in Chapter 1
may be particularly useful. People working in industry or in small businesses
may be interested in the International Entrepreneurship chapters. They contain
valuableideas,suggestions,andperspectivesfromthoughtleadersandsuccessful
entrepreneursintheglobalchemistryenterprise. Thosewhocontemplatestarting
theirownbusinessesshouldcertainlyconsultthesechapters.
We appreciate the efforts and the patience of the authors who took time to
prepare their manuscripts and the many reviewers for their cooperation during
the peer review process. Thanks are due to numerous colleagues for their help,
support, and collaboration. Particular thanks are due to Bradley Miller, Lori
Brown, and Judith Benham for their efforts in organizing the “Transnational
Practice of Chemistry” symposium, and to H. N. Cheng and Agnes Rimando
for organizing the “International Entrepreneurship” symposium. Additional
assistancewasprovidedbyStevenHillandPatriciaKostiukintheACSOfficeof
xi
Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
InternationalActivities. SpecialmentionmaybemadeofJamesBakerandJohn
Brodish, who transcribed recordings of many presentations into text, and Alvin
Collins who supplied the video presentations. We also thank Arlene Furman,
Elizabeth Hernandez, and Bob Hauserman at ACS Books for their efficient
handlingofthemanuscripts. TheencouragementandcontinuingsupportofTom
ConnellyandDeniseCreecharealsomuchappreciated.
H. N. Cheng
SouthernRegionalResearchCenter
USDA–AgriculturalResearchService
1100RobertE.LeeBlvd.
NewOrleans,Louisiana70124
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16- USDAAgriculturalResearchService
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Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
Chapter 1
Chemistry without Borders: An Overview
H. N. Cheng,*,1 Agnes M. Rimando,2 Bradley D. Miller,3
and Diane Grob Schmidt4
01 1USDAAgriculturalResearchService,SouthernRegionalResearchCenter,
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1 2USDAAgriculturalResearchService,P.O.Box8048,
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6- University,Mississippi38677,UnitedStates
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bk- 1155SixteenthSt.,N.W.,Washington,DC20036,UnitedStates
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2 4DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofCincinnati,
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We and adaptable, and to keep up with changes and the latest
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have the chemical workforce needed to satisfy future needs.
A related question involves innovation and entrepreneurship,
because they are the key engines for future economic growth.
It is helpful to identify the global trends and drivers for
entrepreneurship and innovation, and understand the factors
that accelerate and hinder international entrepreneurship and
innovationinchemistry.
An overview of these issues is provided in this article,
which summarizes the perspectives from some of the experts
in global chemistry research, education, and entrepreneurship.
These experts were invited speakers at two ACS presidential
symposiain2015,andtheycontributedchapterstothisbook. To
©2016AmericanChemicalSociety
Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
supportACSglobalinterests, theACSInternationalActivities
CommitteeandtheACSOfficeofInternationalActivitieshave
beenworkinghardtoadvocate,catalyze,initiate,andimplement
ACS activities, conferences, and initiatives pertaining to
international education, research, scientific understanding and
appreciationofchemistry. Forthebenefitofreaders,thisarticle
alsoprovidesasummaryofsomeofthecurrentACSactivities
intheinternationalarena.
Transnational Study, Research, and Careers
Every year, thousands of chemistry and related science and engineering
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9. Theydosoaspartofjobplacementsandcompanyassignments,postdoctoraland
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1 visiting scholar research, sabbaticals, invited lecturing, conference attendance,
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1 exchange programs, and research collaboration, to name a few. These activities
0
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1/ scientificcontributionofthisemerging‘transnationalchemicalpractitioner’will
2
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1 be increasingly key to the worldwide success of chemistry and related sciences
0.
doi: 1 aencodneonmgyin.eering and to the U.S. as it strives to remain competitive in a global
16 | Work- or study-abroad experiences provide personal and professional
0
7, 2 fulfillment, and they are becoming more and more essential in today’s world
st 1 economy. Proceedings from a NATO/National Academies workshop on
gu international mobility of scientists and engineers (1) recorded that the greatest
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eb): - as scientists in this area have a strong affinity for the scientific approach and
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at to enrich their science. In 2012, the journal Nature conducted a survey of its
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a global culture, it is now enmeshed in a global marketplace where knowledge
generationandresearchconstituteaborderlessenterprise.
Further global trends were reported by Judith Benham (3), who cited U.S.
National Science Foundation (NSF) data to show that many Asian countries
havenotablyboostedtheirexpenditureinscientificresearchinthepast20years.
Moreover, there has been an increase in international research collaborations;
thus, internationally coauthored articles have grown from 16% to 25% from
1977 to 2012. In the global business environment, the following competencies
are considered useful: ability to manage diverse employees, understanding
international markets, ability to work in multiple overseas locations, foreign
language skills, and cultural sensitivity. She noted that the ACS International
Center™isavaluableresourceforpeopleinsearchofinternationalcollaborative
researchorinternationalexchangeandeducationalopportunities.
2
Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
In his chapter (4), Joe Francisco asked the question, “What we can do
as chemical educators to better prepare tomorrow’s chemists for competition
in the global marketplace?” He pointed out that educators need to collaborate
with leaders and recruiters in the global chemical enterprise to identify the
essential skills students will need in the future. To help students develop these
skills, educators may need to develop new curriculum and teaching methods
to encourage a deeper, more significant conceptual understanding of chemistry.
Teacher training should also be emphasized at the graduate level. He also
highlighted the importance of increasing the international opportunities for
womeninacademiaandtheawarenessofU.S.studentsoftheworld’ssocialand
culturaldiversity.
Inanotherchapter, JaySiegel(5)describedhisperspectivesandexperience
as the Dean of the School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST)
1
00 at Tianjin University. Despite the challenges of working with a culturally
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9.c diverse student and faculty population, he has been successful in developing
1
12 an internationally recognized research institution at SPST. The school recruited
16- a distinguished collection of international talent, instituted a curriculum with
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k-2 courses taught in English, and admitted students not only from China but from
b
1/ other English-speaking countries. For its faculty, the school decreased the
2
10 required number of in-class teaching hours and courses in favor of increased
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1 hands-on and experimental learning opportunities. It is a good example of an
oi: innovativeinternationalcenterofexcellenceinChina.
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6 | Fromhisextensiveexperienceincorporatemanagement, TomConnelly(6)
1
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2 providedvaluableinsightoninnovation,globalization,andorganizationalchanges
7,
1 needed for a global company. In his chapter, he pointed out the need to break
ust out of the traditional industry-customer innovation model to adopt an exchange
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b): venturecapital-backedstartups. Theorganizationalmodelmayalsoevolvefrom
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Pu diversity, integrity, respect, andteamwork. Studentstodayneedtohavebroadly
based training and a greater awareness of global trends. Institutions of higher
education, working in collaboration with government, industry, non-profits,
and professional societies, are critical for building the global readiness of our
workforce.
Deva Hupaylo (8) works for the Organisation for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons (OPCW), and in her chapter, she described her experience
in international science diplomacy. She indicated that the same principles that
definegoodsciencealsoserveasthefoundationforgoodinternationalrelations.
They include: thorough knowledge of the subject, objective analysis, honesty,
goodcommunication,andopennesstonewideas. Itisimportanttousescientific
principles as a guide when bringing together scholars in politics, science, and
strategytoplanthestructureofalong-termglobalcommunity. Cross-disciplinary
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Cheng et al.; Chemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.