Chemistry for pharmacy students : general, organic and natural product chemistry

398 Pages·2007·16.418 MB·English

by  Satyajit D Sarker, Lutfun Nahar, Ph. D

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students
General, Organic and Natural Product Chemistry
Satyajit D. Sarker
University ofUlster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland,UK
Lutfun Nahar
University ofUlster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland,UK

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students
General, Organic and Natural Product Chemistry
Satyajit D. Sarker
University ofUlster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland,UK
Lutfun Nahar
University ofUlster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland,UK
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Sarker,SatyajitD.
Chemistryforpharmacystudents:general,organic,andnaturalproductchemistry/SatyajitD.Sarker,
LutfunNahar.
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
ISBN978-0-470-01780-7(cloth:alk.paper)
1. Chemistry–Textbooks.I.Nahar,Lutfun,Ph.D.II.Title.
[DNLM:1. Chemistry,Pharmaceutical.2. Chemistry.QV744S517c2007]
QD31.3.S3772007
540–dc22 2007017895
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ISBN978-0-470-01780-7(HB) 978-0-470-01781-4(PB)
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This book is dedicated to
pharmacy students
from all over the world

Contents
Preface ix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Role ofchemistryinmodernlife 1
1.2 Physicalpropertiesofdrugmolecules 3
2 Atomic structure and bonding 17
2.1 Atoms, elementsandcompounds 17
2.2 Atomic structure:orbitalsandelectronicconfigurations 18
2.3 Chemicalbondingtheories:formationofchemicalbonds 21
2.4 Electronegativity andchemicalbonding 27
2.5 Bondpolarityandintermolecularforces 28
2.6 Significanceofchemicalbondingindrug–receptorinteractions 31
3 Stereochemistry 35
3.1 Stereochemistry: definition 36
3.2 Isomerism 36
3.3 Significanceofstereoisomerism indeterminingdrugactionandtoxicity 53
3.4 Synthesisofchiralmolecules 55
3.5 Separation ofstereoisomers:resolutionofracemicmixtures 56
3.6 Compoundswithstereocentres otherthan carbon 57
3.7 Chiral compoundsthatdonothaveatetrahedralatom withfour
different groups 57
4 Organic functional groups 59
4.1 Organicfunctionalgroups:definitionandstructural features 60
4.2 Hydrocarbons 61
4.3 Alkanes,cycloalkanesandtheirderivatives 61
4.4 Alkenesandtheirderivatives 103
4.5 Alkynesand theirderivatives 108
4.6 Aromaticcompoundsand theirderivatives 112
4.7 Heterocycliccompoundsandtheirderivatives 143
4.8 Nucleicacids 170
4.9 Aminoacidsandpeptides 179
4.10 Importanceoffunctionalgroupsindeterminingdrugactionsandtoxicity 184
4.11 Importance offunctionalgroupsindeterminingstabilityofdrugs 188
5 Organic reactions 191
5.1 Types oforganicreaction 191
5.2 Radicalreactions:freeradicalchainreactions 192
5.3 Additionreactions 197
5.4 Elimination reactions:1,2-eliminationorb-elimination 223