Chemistry , Biochemistry and Ayurveda of Indian Medicinal Plants

248 Pages·2013·20.45 MB·English

Edited by
Prof. I.P. Tripathi

Published by
Edited by
Prof. I.P. Tripathi
Pro-Vice-Chancellor & Dean of Faculty of Science & Environment

Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya University Chitrakoot

2013
International E - Publication

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© Copyright Reserved
2013
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, in
a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, reordering or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-81-83520-04-1
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PREFACE

India has over 3000 year old medicinal heritage whose main resource base was medicinal
plants. We have perhaps one of the richest ethno botanical traditions in the world. Over 8000
species of plants of diverse habitats from orchids and ferns to trees, grasses, shrubs, climbers
are used by local communities in different ecosystems from Ladakh to Kanyakumari and
stretching to Northeast hills to Kutchh of Gujarat. Plants also became intricate part in various
spheres of the human society. About 70% population of India inhabit in rural and remote
areas of the forest and utilize a large number of flora for their routine requirements.
Ayurveda is the ancient (before 2500 BC) Indian system of health care and longevity. It
involves a holistic view of man, his health, and illness. Ayurvedic treatment of a disease
consists of salubrious use of drugs, diets, and certain practices. Medicinal preparations
are invariably complex mixtures, based mostly on plant products. Around 1,250 plants
are currently used in various Ayurvedic preparations. Many Indian medicinal plants have
come under scientific scrutiny since the middle of the nineteenth century, although in a
sporadic fashion. The first significant contribution from Ayurvedic materia medica came
with the isolation of the hypersensitive alkaloid from the sarpgandha plant, valued in
Ayurveda for the treatment of hypertension and insanity. This was the first important
ancient-modem concordance in Ayurvedic plants. With the gradual coming of age of
chemistry and biology, disciplines central to the study of biologic activities of natural
products, many Ayurvedic plants have been reinvestigated.
In the early development of modern medicine, biologically active compounds from
higher plants have played a vital role in providing medicines to combat pain and diseases.
For example, in the British Pharmacopoeia of 1932, over 70% of organic monographs
were on plant-derived products. However, with the advent of synthetic medicinal and
subsequently of antibiotics, the role of plant derived therapeutic agents significantly
declined in the economically developed nations.
In the last two decades, there has been a new trend in the preparation and marketing of
drugs based on medicinal plants. These preparations, labeled herbal drugs or
phytomedicines, are single plant extracts or fractions thereof and are distinct from the pure
chemical entities of molecular drugs. These new plant-derived products are carefully
standardized, and their efficacy and safety for a specific application have been
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demonstrated. Thus, plant-based therapeutic agents continue to have scientific, social, and
commercial significance and appear to be gathering a momentum in health-relevant areas.
Indian medicinal plants are the essence of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic treatments, when
used judiciously. Their role cannot be confined to mere duration of disease but they
also used being of human body. Hence, Ayurvedic drugs are rightly called the elixirs of
life. Ayurvedic Herbs played important role in Ayurvedic treatment, from ancient time to
this most modern time.
Indian Medicinal Plants/herbs shows good result on disease cure. Ayurveda is the
medical/Health care system which uses this as treatment base with theoretical principles. We
need to research many things to find out the pharmacological action of it.
The advent of development exploitation of mineral and metal resources, construction of
minor and major dams for hydro-electric or thermal plants, development means of
communication, reckless hacking and cutting of forests tracts for rehabilitation and
agricultural purposes are having telling effect on the plant resources of Central India. The
forest area are gradually shrinking due to population explosion and increasing demand on
forest resources for sustenance of human at large. A large number of medicinal plants
may then disappear prematurely before their inventorization, assessment and utilization
of potentials for human welfare. Sustainable utilization and conservation of medicinal
plants is the demand of the time.
This workshop aims to discuss and practices all the issues pertaining to medicinal plants
research, documentation, utilization. conservation activities, standardization, quality
control, tissue culture, biotechnology, biochemistry, phytochemistry and chemical
characterization taking place in various Universities, Institutions, Colleges and their
impact on medicinal plants.
Thirty five abstracts related to chemistry, bio-chemistry and Ayurveda were presented
and discussed in the workshop. An excellent practice (tissue culture, identification of
plant, instrumental techniques etc.), Harbal garden & pharmacy visit and marvelous field
visit was also orgnised during the workshop.
I hope the proceeding will catalyze activities for further research and practices of all the
issue pertaining to Indian medicinal plants.
Prof. I.P. Tripthi
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We humbly present our gratitude to Honourable Vice-Chancellor Prof. K. B. Pandeya
and Padamshri P. Puslpanghan for grateful inauguration of the National Workshop on
Chemistry, Biochemistry and Ayurveda of Indian Medicinal plants amidst a September
gathering.
We record our special thanks to right Honourable Vice-Chancellor Prof. K. B. Pandeya
for his keen interest in the workshop and an encouraging foreword for the proceeding.
We are very thankful to Dr. R.R. Rao (FNA), Vaidya Jamuna Prasad, Dr. Bharatandu
Prakash for her splendid address delivered in the inaugural ceremony. Our sincere thanks
are also to Honourable Sant Chola Baba, Satianusuia Ashram Chitrakoot and Dr. K.V.
Billore, Prof. T.R. Sahu & Dr. N.C. Shah for the valedictory address in the workshop.
The proceedings are outcome of cooperation of the authors, reviewers and many people
at different stages in different capacities. We are obliged to Prof. Aroop Kumar Gupta,
Presently Vice-Chancellor & Dean, Agriculture Faculty, Prof. S. S. Sengar, Dean, Art
Faculty, Prof. R.C. Singh, Dean, Management Faculty, Er. K.P. Mishra, Dean, Eng. &
Technology, Dr. Ajai Kumar, DSW and Prof. K.D. Mishra, Director, Research
Directorate for encouragements. We wish to thankfully acknowledge the support and
cooperation of Dr. Ravindra Singh, Dr. Vandana Pathak, Dr. Shudhakar Mishra, Dr. S.K.
Chaturvedi, Dr. Sadhana Chaurasia, Dr. R.L.S. Sikarwar, Dr. Sachin Upadhyaya,
Dr. Vijay Pratap Singh, Dr. S.P. Pathak, Dr. Rakesh Shrivastava, and Dr. Reetu Sharma.
We also thank to our departmental colleagues and students for their active cooperation.
The conference was financial supported by various organizations and we again record our
thanks to University Grant Commission-New Delhi, DRDO-New Delhi, M.P. Council of
Science & Technology-Bhopal and Bundelkhand Extended Region Chaper (NASI)
Chitrakoot.
Our thanks are also due to Academy Press Allahabad for excellent and timely printing
and to Shri Bramhanand and Shri Vishnu Kumar for appreciable computer layout, and
keen interest in the publication.
We deeply appreciate the sacrifices made by our family members who granted us the
time we required to organize the conference and to complete the publication of this scale.
We specially mention our researches & Post Graduate students Sarika Singh, Arvind
Dwivedi, Sanjay Saxena, Neelesh Dwivedi, Priyanka Gupta, Noopa Dwivedi, Mahendra
Mishra, Atul Dwivedi, Arti Kamal, Ruchita Tripathi, Chinmayee Mishra, Kailash,
Anjnay etc. for their patience and cooperation.

Prof. I. P.Tripathi
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CONTENTS
PART-I IDENTIFICATION AND CONSERVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
1. PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT IN HERBAL DRUGS 1-12
P. Pushpangadan, Vipin Mohan Dan, T P Ijinu and V. George
2. MEDICINAL PLANTS of INDIA: DIVERSITY, CONSERVATION AND 13-40
BIOPROSPECTION- A PRIORITY AGENDA FOR 21ST CENTURY
DR. R.R.Rao
3. UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDIA 41-49
Dr. K. V. Billore
4. WHY THE INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS COULD NOT FIND THEIR PLACE IN THE 50-60
MODERN MEDICINE? AN OVERVIEW
N.C.Shah
5. MEDICINAL PLANTS IDENTIFICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF HERBARIA IN 61-66
MEDICO-BOTANY
Dr. K. V. Billore
6. PROSPECTS OF CULTIVATION OF SOME IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS 67-78
S.K. Tewari, Shweta Singh, S.K. Sharma AND R.S. Katiyar
7. PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS AND AYURVEDIC NORMS 79-86
Sanjeev Kumar Ojha: CH V Rao: Sri Krishna Tewari
8. CHITRAKOOT-AN EMPORIUM OF BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 87-93
R.L.S. Sikarwar
PART-II TISSUE CULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
9. ROLE OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE IN CLONING AND CONSERVATION OF 94-108
PHYTODIVERSITY OF SOME ECONOMIC MEDICINAL PLANTS OF INDIA
A. K. Sharma, Kavita Arora and Meena Sharma
10. IN VITRO APPROACHES FOR MASS PRODUCTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS 109-116
Pragati Misra and Pradeep Kumar Shukla
11. IN VITRO CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDIA 117-122
Reetu Sharma and S P Mishra
12. THE WONDER PLANT AMARANTHUS–PHARMACOGNOSTIC PROPERTIES AND 123-129
APPLICATIONS
Kavita Niraj, Ravindra M.Samartha and Puneet Gandhi
PART-III MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE- AYURVEDA, UNANI
AND HOMEOPATHY
13. ANTI-DIABETIC PLANTS 130-133
Dr Prakash L Hegde
14. THERAPEUTIC USES OF COMMON MEDICINAL PLANTS 134-139
Prof (Dr) G.S.Tomar
15. MORINGA OLIFERA OR SAHIJAN – A MIRACLE PLANT OF MEDICINAL VALUE 140-144
Dr. Vinod Kumar

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